Introduction to Operating system, History of OS, Types of OS, Utilities in OS

1. Introduction to Computers andTechnology (ICT)

2.  The first operating system was introduced in
1956,to run a single IBM mainframe computer.
 It was created by General Motors.
 Operating systems in the 1950's were called single-
stream batch processing systems because the data
was submitted in groups.

3.  An operating system is system software
that manages computer hardware and
software resources and provides common
services for computer programs.

6.  It ties all the components of operating system
together and regulates other programs.
 It determines which programs get access to
which hardware resources.I
 It alerts other programs.

7.  Provide a user interface
 Run programs
 Manage hardware devices
 Organized file storage
7A-7

8.  Provide input-output management
 Manage system memory
 Manage processing task
 Control access to system resources
 Manage files

9.  Real-time operating system:
 Very fast small OS
 Built into a device
 The task will be completed by specified time
 Respond quickly to user input
 Medical devices, Robot, Industrial system

10.  Single user/Single tasking OS:
 Allow single user to perform only one task at a
time
 MS-DOS, Mobile, Laptop, Windows and Palm OS
 Take up little space on disk
 Run on inexpensive computers

11.  Single user/Multitasking OS:
 Allow single user to perform two or more task at a
time
 Most common form of OS
 Windows XP and OS X
 Require expensive computers
 Perform task in short period of time
 Tend to be complex

12.  Multi user/Multitasking OS:
 Allow multi user to perform two or more task at a
time
 Many users connect to one computer
 Each user has a unique session
 UNIX, Linux
 Maintenance can be easy
 Requires a powerful computer

13. • Multi user/Multitasking OS
 If the network connection to the server is broken,
the user cannot do any work in the application on
the server.

15.  User interface:
The set of items you see on screen
is known as user-inteface.
 How a user interacts with a computer
 Require different skill sets.
 Types:
1.GUI
2.CLI

16.  Graphical user interface (GUI):
 Most common interface
▪ Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE
 Uses a mouse to control objects
 Uses a desktop metaphor
 Shortcuts open programs or documents
 Task switching

18.  Command line interface:
 Older interface
▪ DOS, Linux, UNIX
 User types commands at a prompt
 User must remember all commands
 Included in all GUIs
 Faster than GUI

20.  Many different applications supported
 System call
 Provides consistent access to OS features
 Share information between programs
 Copy and paste
 Object Linking and Embedding

21.  Utilities
 Provide services not include with OS
 Increase reliability & processing speed of pc
 Prices vary
Examples
 Antivirus
 Compression
 Firewall
 Sacreen savers

22.  Anti-virus software
 Finds, blocks and removes viruses
 Advanced antivirus also recover data
 Must be updated regularly
 McAfee and Norton Anti-Virus

23.  Compression
 Compress and decompress files
 Latest versions windows have this utility
Examples

24.  Firewall
 Stop unnecessary & harmful data when user
connected to a network
o Hardware firewall
Devices work as gateway seprate large network from small
o Software firewall
First one is included in OS like in windows
Third party free firewall softwares

25.  Screen savers
 Automatically appears in idle case
 Displayed a moving image
 Can use self picture and graphic files

26.  In simplest way we can say that it controls
and coordinates the use of hardware through
application programs for various uses
 Play very important role in computer system.

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