Understanding Adverse Food Reactions and Intolerances
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Understanding Adverse Food Reactions and Intolerances
- 1. Understanding Adverse Food ReactionsBy Bethany Downing
- 3. The difference between ordinary and extraordinary Is that little extra.
- 4. What’s the difference between a Food Allergy and a Food Intolerance?
- 5. Food Allergy Immune System Food Intolerance Digestive System
- 6. Food Allergy Food Intolerance •Pharmacologic •Inborn metabolic errors •Idiosyncratic •Or any other non- immunoglobulin E response •Immunoglobulin E mediated reaction •Occurs in response to exposure to food protein •Food allergies include inhalation, ingestion and skin contact
- 7. Food Intolerance: Inborn Metabolic Error Inherited, caused by absence or reduced activity of a specific enzyme
- 9. What is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide?
- 10. Lactase deficiency, also known as Lactose Intolerance But, have you ever heard of Galactosemia?
- 11. Proteins are made of 20 building blocks called amino acids
- 12. Two protein building blocks (amino acids) that we are going to look at today are: •Phenylalanine •Tyrosine
- 13. People with PKU cannot process phenylalanine because they lack the enzyme to do so. With Tyrosinemia, individuals can not process tyrosine
- 14. When these amino acids can not be metabolized correctly, they build up in the blood and body.
- 15. The build up causes brain damage
- 16. Failure to break down tyrosine leads to accumulation of tyrosine and its metabolites in the liver Resulting in: • Severe liver disease •Kidney dysfunction
- 18. Treatment • Restrict the amino acids • Nutritional supplementation with special medical formula
- 19. Since amino acids are the building blocks of protein, high protein foods must be restricted
- 20. Phenylalanine is found in the artificial sweetener aspartame—be careful with sugar free foods. Caution
- 21. Protein • Growth • Make new cells • Repair tissues
- 22. protein diet must be implemented and a special formula is used, the diet still needs to be rich in other nutrients available at KU Dining Services
- 24. PKU: 1 in every 15,000 Tyrosinemia: 1 in every 100,000 – 120,000
- 25. What causes PKU or Tyrosinemia? • Genetic makeup
- 26. Celiac Disease
- 27. “Three Hidden Ways Wheat Makes You Fat”-huffingtonpost.com “Will a gluten-free diet improve your health?” -Health.com
- 28. •Villous atrophy •Malabsorption •Malnutrition •Possibly cancer The autoimmune inflammatory response leads to:
- 30. What’s the big deal?
- 32. 1 in 133 persons in the United States has Celiac Disease
- 34. •Fatigue •Weight loss •Nutrient malabsorption •Anemias •Osteoporosis •Vitamin K related coagulopathy 50% of celiac patients have few or no symptoms
- 35. Combination of •Genetic susceptibility •Unknown trigger Create an abnormal immune response to gluten What is the cause of celiac disease?
- 36. 4 out of 5 Rule: 1.Presentation of typical symptoms 2.Positive serum celiac disease IgAautoantibodies at higher titer 3.A DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genotype 4.Celiac enteropathy seen on small bowel biopsy 5.A positive response to a gluten free diet
- 37. Medical Nutrition Therapy •Wheat (gluten & gluten) •Rye (secalin) •Barley (hordein) • Oats
- 40. Do your part.
- 41. It’s ok if you don’t have the answers. Please ask somebody who knows!
- 43. Thank You
- 44. Works Citied
Editor's Notes
- Trained employees and managers can be the greatest assets. We want employees to understand what to do and why to do it.
- If not treated, the build up of phenylalanine results in damaged nerve cells, causing brain damage and mental retardation
- (in one region of the Quebec province of Canada it is as common as 1 in 1,850 births!)