Chapter II - Etiopathegenesis of T1DM
•
0 likes•6 views
This is presentation for chapter II of HAL Diabetes Club I Here Its explained about causes of Diabetes and what and how it happens .
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Chapter II - Etiopathegenesis of T1DM
Similar to Chapter II - Etiopathegenesis of T1DM (20)
More from Dr Raj Thorat
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter II - Etiopathegenesis of T1DM
- 1. Educator Dr. Raj Thorat HAL DIABETES CLUB
- 2. CHAPTER II Etiology & Pathogenesis (हेतुविज्ञान तथा विकृ तत विज्ञान)
- 3. PART I – DIABETES EDUCATION . Energy & Metabolism . Insulin and Pancreas • Pathogenesis of Diabetes • Etiology of Diabetes
- 4. ENERGY AND METABOLISM ऊर्ाा तथा चयापचय
- 5. ENERGY AND METABOLISM • All living organisms must obtain and use energy to live. “energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another.” - Julius Robert Mayer
- 6. ENERGY AND METABOLISM • All living organisms must obtain and use energy to live. • Energy is derived in the form of Calories/ATP by Metabolism of Food we eat
- 7. ENERGY AND METABOLISM • All living organisms must obtain and use energy to live. • Energy is derived by Metabolism of Food we eat in the form of Calories/ATP • Metabolism = the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
- 8. FOOD NUTRIENT GROUPS • Carbohydrates कर्बोदके (Dairy,grains,fruits) • Proteins प्रथिने (seafood,eggs,milk) • Fats वसा/चरर्बी (Oils,butter)
- 11. WHAT IS ROLE OF INSULIN
- 16. CHECK THIS VIDEO TO SIMPLIFY IT
- 20. WHAT IS INSULIN
- 21. BETA Cells of Pancreas
- 22. ( अग्न्याशय / स्िादुवपंड )
- 24. WHAT HAPPENS IN TYPE 1 DM Pathogenesis of Type 1 DM
- 26. WHAT IS DIABETES? The term Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia (high levels of blood glucose) with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin production/secretion, insulin action, or both.
- 27. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (Auto-Immunity), the only cells in the body that make the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose.
- 28. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (Auto-Immunity), the only cells in the body that make the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose. This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults, although disease onset can occur at any age.
- 29. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (Auto-Immunity), the only cells in the body that make the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose. This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults, although disease onset can occur at any age. Type 1 diabetes may account for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
- 30. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS • Autoimmune (self destruction) of Insulin producing Beta cells of Pancreas • No Insulin left in the body to act • Patient requires exogenous Insulin for Life
- 33. WHY INSULIN IS DESTROYED IN BODY ETIOLOGY OF DM
- 34. WHY INSULIN IS DESTROYED IN BODY ETIOLOGY OF TYPE 1 DM • 1a. Autoimmune (स्व-प्रतिरक्षिि) – Self Destruction • 1b. Idiopathic (अज्ञािहेिुक) – Reason/Cause is not known
- 35. WHY INSULIN IS DESTROYED IN BODY ETIOLOGY OF DM • 1a. Autoimmune Autoimmune destruction of Insulin producing Beta Cells of Pancreas
- 37. CAUSE OF AUTOIMMUNITY • Genetic Causes (जनुकीय दोष) • Environmental Causes (पयाावरण कारण )
- 42. Type 2 • Older age • Overweight • Hypertension • Abnormal lipid levels • Genetics • Race/ethnicity • History of gestational diabetes • History of vascular disease • Inactivity Type 1 • Under 30 • Genetics • Autoimmune • Environment • Viral infection • Idiopathic COMPARISON OF RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES
- 43. END OF PART I ---------------------- Short Break = 15 minutes
- 45. PART II – GENERAL EDUCATION • Word of Meet • Myth & Fact • Nutrition Tip • Did you Know • Medical Tip • Thought of the Day • Role Model • Achievers • Take Home message • Food for Thought • Question & Answer – Discussion
- 46. WORD OF MEET
- 48. HYPERTENSION • Shortform – HTN • abnormally high blood pressure WORD OF MEET
- 49. HYPERTENSION • Shortform – HTN • Abnormally high blood pressure Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg and above 90/60 mm WORD OF MEET
- 50. MYTH & FACT
- 51. Myth - All medicines must be taken after eating food MYTH & FACT
- 52. Myth - All Medicines must be taken after eating food Fact – Not all medicines are required to take after meals - Consult Doctor for medicine timing & its regard to meals MYTH & FACT
- 53. NUTRITION TIP
- 54. • Whenever possible while working / Idle at Home / Workplace, prefer standing to sitting NUTRITION TIP
- 55. NUTRITION TIP
- 56. NUTRITION TIP
- 57. DID YOU KNOW
- 58. DID YOU KNOW
- 59. MEDICAL TIP
- 60. Make sure your doctor knows about any allergies and adverse reactions you have had to medicines. MEDICAL TIP
- 61. THOUGHT OF THE DAY
- 63. You may be Next ROLE MODEL
- 66. The term Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia (high levels of blood glucose) with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin production/secretion, insulin action, or both. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
- 67. The term Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia (high levels of blood glucose) with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin production/secretion, insulin action, or both. • Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (Auto-Immunity), the only cells in the body that make the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
- 68. The term Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia (high levels of blood glucose) with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin production/secretion, insulin action, or both. • Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (Auto-Immunity), the only cells in the body that make the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose. • Autoimmunity may be because of Genetic Causes (जनुकीय दोष) or Environmental Causes (पयाावरण कारण ) TAKE HOME MESSAGE
- 69. FOOD FOR THOUGHT
- 70. FOOD FOR THOUGHT • Polyuria • Polydypsia • Polyphagia
- 75. NEXT CLUB MEETING Club I - Sunday 11th February 2018
Editor's Notes
- Risk of Type 1 in general population ranges from 1 in 400 to 1 in 1000. The risk rises substantially to 1 in 20 to 1 in 50 in the offspring of those with Type 1. Genetic predisposition to Type 1 is the result of HLA-DQ coded genes for disease susceptibility off set by genes that are related to disease resistance. Genes that produce resistance are frequently dominant over those that produce disease susceptibility. Antibodies: Positive GAD, Insulin and Islet Cells autoantibodies (IAA & ICAs) Viral triggers are suggested by the association of Type 1 with congenital rubella and coxsackie B4 infection. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is thought to be an environmental trigger. BSA specific antibodies are found in the majority of kids with newly diagnosed diabetes, thus early exposure to cow’s milk may be a potential determinant. There is a higher rate in non-breastfed women. Environment: Some chemicals and drugs specifically destroy pancreatic cells. Hyperglycemia and symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of DM develop only after 90% of the secretory capacity of the beta cell mass has been destroyed. Type 2: 1. Typical: over 40…the older you get, the higher your risk goes. Although, Type 2 in children is becoming much more frequent. 2. People overweight are at higher risk. 3. Sedentary lifestyle increases your risk of developing Type 2. Excessive abdominal (visceral) fat introduces greater threat of Type 2 than does lower body obesity. 4. Family history….does not have to be first degree relative. No specific HLA type is identified. Where 1 identical twin is affected the incidence is close to 100%. Off springs have a 15% chance and 30% risk of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Women who had gestational diabetes, have a 50% risk of developing Type 2 within 5-10 years Certain ethnic groups increase the susceptibility to Type 2, such as African American, Native Americans, Asian, Pacific Islanders.