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1. Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.
CHAPTER 19
Mental Health:
Public Health
Includes Healthy
Minds

2. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Mental Illness
 Mental illnesses account for more disability in developed countries than any
other group of illnesses.
 Nearly half of all Americans will develop at least one mental illness during their
lifetime.
 Categories of mental disorders are broad, heterogeneous, and somewhat
overlapping.
 Mental illnesses are associated with:
– Chronic disease
– Injuries
– Substance abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

3. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Epidemiology of Mental Illness
 They are difficult to track due to overlap of symptoms.
 National Comorbidity Survey assessed mental disorders.
 Lifetime prevalence of the most common mental illnesses are:
– 31% anxiety disorder
– 21% mood disorder
– 25% impulse-control disorder
– 35% substance disorder

4. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Epidemiology of Mental Illness (cont.)
 Gender
– Females have more anxiety and mood disorders.
– Males have more impulse-control and substance disorders.
 Age
– It is more prevalent in populations younger than 60.
 Region
– Southeastern states have the highest levels.
– Link is most likely associated with chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and
cardiovascular.

5. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Causes and Prevention
 Precise causes of most mental disorders are unknown.
 Causes are viewed as products of interaction between:
– Biological factors
– Psychological factors
– Sociocultural factors
 Genetic factors are important in:
– Schizophrenia
– Bipolar disorder
– Autism
– ADHD
 Indentifying and targeting risk factors involve:
– Individual factors
– Family factors
– Community factors

6. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Children
 Emphasis is on biological and psychosocial experiences.
 Common disorders:
– Autism
– Mood disorder
– ADHD
 Importance of accurate diagnosis and prevention strategies is elevated with
children.
– There are concerns about active boys being overdiagnosed with ADHD.
– ADHD children often have disruptive disorders.

7. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Eating Disorders
 Eating disorders typically appear during teen years or young adulthood.
 They are complex interactions of genetic, biological, behavioral, and
psychosocial factors.
 It is a mental illness that leads to serious physical problems.
– Anorexia nervosa
– Bulimia nervosa
– Binge-eating disorder
 Boys who want to “bulk up” are also affected.

8. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Adulthood
 Personality traits and ability to cope with life stressors gain importance in the
mental health of adults.
 Effective treatment options for mental illness include:
– Psychotherapy
– Medications

9. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Adulthood (cont.)
 Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent kind.
 PTSD gets an emphasis on treatment strategies.
 Mood disorders include major depression and bipolar disorder.
 Schizophrenia affects about 1% of people.
– Effective treatment usually includes medication, psychotherapy, and family
intervention.

10. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Older Adults
 Highest rates of suicide occur with older adults, usually associated with
depression.
 Risk factors for mental illness are:
– Medical conditions and medications
– Living conditions
– Psychosocial stressors
 Treatment is similar to that of younger patients with emphasis on medication
side effects.

11. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Treatment
 Most people with mental disorders do not seek treatment.
 Fear of the stigma is a hurdle to acknowledging the problem.
 Now, inpatient units are used for crisis care only.
 Housing is often a major problem for people with severe mental illness.

12. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Discussion Question 1
 Do you think most people realize how common mental illness is in the
population?
 What can be done to reduce any stigma that may still surround seeking help for
mental illness?

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©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Discussion Question 2
 How can we improve accurate detection and treatment of ADHD?

14. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Discussion Question 3
 Visit the National Institute of Mental Health website, www.nimh.nih.gov, and
review different mental health disorders and treatment strategies.
 How can we improve mental health prevention strategies?

15. Copyright
©
2021
by
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
an
Ascend
Learning
Company.
www.jblearning.com
Discussion Question 4
 How can we approach mental health from a lifespan perspective to improve
mental health outcomes?