Agriculture is an art, "Try to feel and make a love"

1. AMRITA SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY (3+1)
PARASITISM AND ITS TYPE
COURSE TEACHER
Dr.PARTHASARATHY S
(PATHOLOGY)
STUDENT NAME
BASKAR S
CB.AG.U4AGR19018

2. •PARASITISM
A Organism which depends on another
organism for living is known as parasitism.
Parasites depends host plant for water, food
materials , minerals and it grows (multiply) on
host plants .
Benefitted organism - parasite
Harmed organism - host

3. Parasitism is derived
from a latin word “Parasitos” which means one
who eats at the table of another .
Haustorium – specialised organ which connect to
host’s xylem and phloem and drain it’s
nutrients and water.

4. Types of Parasitism
Ecto parasite
Endo parasite
Destructive parasite
Balanced parasite
Facultative parasite
Facultative saprophyte

5. ECTOPARASITE
A parasite which live on the external
surface of the host is known as ectoparasite
It uptake nutrients from epidermal and
mesophyll cells .
Example
Erysiphe polygoni

7. ENDOPARASITE
A parasite which live on internal tissues (inside
the cells of host) is
known as endoparasites.
Example
Leveillula taurica
TWO TYPES
1. Intercellular
2. Intracellular

9. DESTRUCTIVE PARASITE
A Parasite which draw nutrients from host by
killing the host is known as destructive parasites
.
Example
Most of the soil borne pathogens
Rhizoctonia
Macrophomina
Verticillium

11. BALANCED PARASITE
A parasite which draw nutrients from host by
without killing it .
Example
Colletotrichum sp.

13. FACULTATIVE PARASITE
These are the organisms which are usually
saprophyte in their mode of life but under certain
conditions ,they become a parasite .
Example
Pythium sp.
Fusarium sp.
Rhizopus sp.

15. FACULTATIVE SAPROHYTES
These are the organisms which are usually
parasite in their mode of life but under certain
conditions, they become a saprophyte .
Example
Phytophthora sp. , Mucor sp.
Venturia sp.

18. BROAD CATEGORIES OF PARASITISM
In 1974,Everett Stanely Luttrell (American Pathologist)
(1916 – 1988) classified parasitism into three broad
categories .
They are
Biotrophs
Hemibiotrophs
Perthotrophs

20. BIOTROPHS
These parasites are obligate/ true parasites .
They grow only on living host and complete their
entire life cycle in single living host in which plant
cell remain alive .
Examples
Mildews, Viruses, Viroids

21. HEMIBIOTROPHS
In this , pathogen attack living tissues and it
continues to grow.
Plant cells remain alive initially and then
pathogen kill the plant tissues for reproduction .
Examples
Cercospora sp. , Alternaria sp.
Helminthosporium sp.

23. PERTHOTROPH / NECROTROPH
Pathogen kill the tissue in advance of penetration
and it lives saprophytically .
It kills the tissue by secreting certain enzymes
and toxics .
Examples
Claviceps , Venturia ,
Phytophthora , Agrobacterium

25. OBLIGATE INAPPROPRIATE
Parasites can be culture in complex
artificial media .
Examples
rust , smut

26. REFERENCES
https://www.britannica.com/plant/parasitic-
plant
http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/jspui/bitstream/123
456789/658/1/Revised%20INTRODUCTO
RY%20PLANT%20PATH.pdf

27. THANK YOU