Psy 326 Effective Communication - tutorialrank.com

PSY 326 Entire Course (2 Set)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Set of Papers for each Assignment,
Quiz (DQs – 1 Set)
PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article Identification
(2 Papers)
PSY 326 Week 1 DQ 1 Ethics in Research
PSY 326 Week 1 Quiz (2 Set -- 100% Score)

PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment Annotated Bibliography of
Research Methods (2 Papers)
PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 1 Research Design
PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 2 Hypothesis Testing
PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a Research Study
(2 Papers)
PSY 326 Week 3 DQ 1 Descriptive Research
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 1 Survey Research
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 2 Data Analysis
PSY 326 Week 5 DQ 1 Experimental Versus Quasi-
Experimental Designs

PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper Research Proposal (2 Papers)
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PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article
Identification (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
Research Article Identification. Read each of the abstracts for
the articles listed below and then select oneof them to be the
full article that you will use for all the written assignments in
this course. The abstracts and full-text versions of the articles

can be accessed through the EBSCOhost database in the
Ashford University Library:
· Baldwin, V. N., Powell, T., & Lorenc, L. (2011). Factors
influencing the uptake of memory compensations: A
qualitative analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation,
21(4), 484-501.
· Goodman, S. H., Dimidjian, S., & Williams, K. G. (2013).
Pregnant African American women’s attitudes toward
perinatal depression prevention. Cultural Diversity and
Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(1), 50-57.
· Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A., Parker, A.
G. (2011). What are specialist mental health clinician
attitudes to guideline recommendations for the treatment of
depression in young people?Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 993-1001.
· Ivandić Zimić, J., & Jukić, V. (2012). Familial risk factors
favoring drug addiction onset. Journal of Psychoactive
Drugs, 44(2), 173-185.

· Kaewprom, C., Curtis, J., & Deane, F. P. (2011). Factors
involved in recovery from schizophrenia: A qualitative study
of Thai mental health nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 13,
323-327.
· Kirtadze, I., Otiashvili, D., O’Grady, K. E., Zule, W.,
Krupitsky, E., Wechsberg, W. M., & Jones, H. E. (2013).
Twice stigmatized: Provider’s perspectives on drug-using
women in the Republic of Georgia. Journal of Psychoactive
Drugs, 45(1), 1-9.
· Moore, R. C., Viglione, D. J., Rosenfarb, I. S., Patterson, T.
L., & Mausbach, B. T. (2013). Rorschach measures of
cognition relate to everyday and social functioning in
schizophrenia. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 253-263.
· Scullin, M. K. (2013). Sleep, memory, and aging: The link
between slow-wave sleep and episodic memory changes from
younger to older adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 105-
114.
Refer to the tutorial titled, “Finding an Article When You
Have the Citation”, which is available within the Ashford
University Library for questions on how to search for

articles. It is located under the “Getting Research Help” tab,
in the top center of the navigation heading on the library’s
homepage, then select “Tutorials”.
After making your selection, read the “Methods” section
within the article. Write a two- to- three page paper
(excluding title and reference pages) that is formatted
according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing
Center, presenting the information listed below. Your paper
should begin with an introduction paragraph (including a
thesis statement) and end with a concluding paragraph
reaffirming the thesis and summarizing the major points
made in the body of the paper.
The body of your paper must contain the following criteria:
1. Identify the study by title and authors.
2. Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to
answer by doing this research.
3. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research
methods and terminology. Specify which approach is used in
the study.

4. Explain whether the study is qualitative or quantitative by
citing specific clues from the article, such as sample size,
data collection techniques, the nature of the data collected, or
the data analysis techniques used.
5. Associate the chosen study with a specific research area of
psychology based on the information on research area in
Chapter 1 of your course textbook. Explain your reasoning.
6. Summarize ethical issues which were addressed in the
article and analyze the ethical principles applied. Can you
discern additional ethical issues that apply but were not
mentioned?
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PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article
Identification (Social identity reduces depression by
fostering positive attributions)

Research Article Identification. Read each of the abstracts for
the articles listed below and then select oneof them to be the
full article that you will use for all the written assignments in
this course. The abstracts and full-text versions of the articles
can be accessed through the EBSCOhost database in the
Ashford University Library:
· Baldwin, V. N., Powell, T., & Lorenc, L. (2011). Factors
influencing the uptake of memory compensations: A
qualitative analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation,
21(4), 484-501.
· Goodman, S. H., Dimidjian, S., & Williams, K. G. (2013).
Pregnant African American women’s attitudes toward
perinatal depression prevention. Cultural Diversity and
Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(1), 50-57.
· Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A., Parker, A.
G. (2011). What are specialist mental health clinician

attitudes to guideline recommendations for the treatment of
depression in young people?Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 993-1001.
· Ivandić Zimić, J., & Jukić, V. (2012). Familial risk factors
favoring drug addiction onset. Journal of Psychoactive
Drugs, 44(2), 173-185.
· Kaewprom, C., Curtis, J., & Deane, F. P. (2011). Factors
involved in recovery from schizophrenia: A qualitative study
of Thai mental health nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 13,
323-327.
· Kirtadze, I., Otiashvili, D., O’Grady, K. E., Zule, W.,
Krupitsky, E., Wechsberg, W. M., & Jones, H. E. (2013).
Twice stigmatized: Provider’s perspectives on drug-using
women in the Republic of Georgia. Journal of Psychoactive
Drugs, 45(1), 1-9.
· Moore, R. C., Viglione, D. J., Rosenfarb, I. S., Patterson, T.
L., & Mausbach, B. T. (2013). Rorschach measures of
cognition relate to everyday and social functioning in
schizophrenia. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 253-263.
· Scullin, M. K. (2013). Sleep, memory, and aging: The link
between slow-wave sleep and episodic memory changes from

younger to older adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 105-
114.
Refer to the tutorial titled, “Finding an Article When You
Have the Citation”, which is available within the Ashford
University Library for questions on how to search for
articles. It is located under the “Getting Research Help” tab,
in the top center of the navigation heading on the library’s
homepage, then select “Tutorials”.
After making your selection, read the “Methods” section
within the article. Write a two- to- three page paper
(excluding title and reference pages) that is formatted
Center, presenting the information listed below. Your paper
should begin with an introduction paragraph (including a
thesis statement) and end with a concluding paragraph
reaffirming the thesis and summarizing the major points
made in the body of the paper.
The body of your paper must contain the following criteria:
1. Identify the study by title and authors.

2. Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to
answer by doing this research.
3. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research
methods and terminology. Specify which approach is used in
the study.
4. Explain whether the study is qualitative or quantitative by
citing specific clues from the article, such as sample size,
data collection techniques, the nature of the data collected, or
the data analysis techniques used.
5. Associate the chosen study with a specific research area of
psychology based on the information on research area in
Chapter 1 of your course textbook. Explain your reasoning.
6. Summarize ethical issues which were addressed in the
article and analyze the ethical principles applied. Can you
discern additional ethical issues that apply but were not
mentioned?
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PSY 326 Week 1 DQ 1 Ethics in Research
Ethics in Research. After reading Chapter 1 in your text, the
APA ethical principles articles Ethical Principles of
Psychologists and Code of Conduct (paying particular
attention to Standard 8) and Guidelines for Ethical Conduct
in the Care and use of Nonhuman Animals in Research , as
well as viewing the video Obedience and Ethics: Benefits and
Costs of Psychological Conformity Studies, analyze and
critique the
principles introduced and applied in the various sources.
Summarize what you feel are the ethical pros and cons of
Milgram’s research. Include in your post definitions and a
discussion of terms such as, informed consent,
confidentiality, deception, debriefing, and institutional
review board. Find an additional example of a completed
research study that has raised ethical concerns. Evaluate the

ethical pros and cons of that study and explain your
reasoning for each aspect.
Your initial post should be 250-300 words. Utilize a
minimum of two peer-reviewed sources that were published
within the last 10 years and are documented in APA style, as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
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This Tutorial contains 2 Set of Quiz
Set 1

Question 1. Barbara is a research psychologist examining
how our interactions with friends and family change over our
lifespan. For example, she wants to understand how peer
interactions change from childhood to adolescence. What
area of psychological research best describes Barbara’s
work?
Question 2. Diane is conducting a research study in which
she is examining the best practices for understanding,
treating, and preventing depression in college students. In
which of the following areas of research is Diane working?
Question 3. Dr. Jones is a research psychologist conducting
studies on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. His focus is
on developing interview techniques for police departments to
use that will increase correct identification of suspects and
minimize accusations against the innocent. Which of the

following best describes the type of research Dr. Jones is
performing?
Question 4. Textbooks, academic books, and theoretical
review articles are all examples of ___________:
Question 5. Which of the following research areas of
psychology is used to study the connection between human
behaviors, thoughts and feelings with processes occurring in
the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and other
systems?
Question 6. Sue is finalizing the design of her thesis project
on the effects of exercise on depression in older adults. She
has decided to use the score on the 10 item depression scale
to specify whether her participants are depressed and the
score from a 30 item fitness scale to assess fitness levels.
Which stage of the research process has she just completed?

Question 7. ______________ is an approach to decision-
making primarily involving the use and reliance on logical
arguments.
Question 8. Which of the following is tasked with reviewing
and monitoring all research involving nonhuman animals in
order to protect the welfare of research subjects?
Question 9. Steve has observed that he has more difficulty
parallel parking his car when there are people watching. He
then sits outside a café and notices the number of attempts to
park and total time to successfully parallel park in nearby
parking spaces and the number of people near the parking
space. He observes that others also seem to have more
trouble parking with people watching as well. He therefore
develops a general hypothesis that parking ability is related to
being observed. What process has Steve used in developing
his hypothesis?

Question 10. Which section of a research article presents the
previous research in the area, starting broadly and narrowing
to the specific area covered by the article, ultimately leading
the reader to the authors’ hypothesis?
Set 2
PSY 326 Week 1 Quiz (Set 2)

Question 1. ________________research is a descriptive
approach which is used to gain a deep understanding of
particular cases and contexts.
Question 2. ______________ is the federal policy
establishing Institutional Review Boards and prior review of
all research at federally funded institutions.
Question 3. Textbooks, academic books, and theoretical
review articles are all examples of ___________:

Question 4. Which section of a research article explains
how a hypothesis was translated into a specific set of
measurable variables?
Question 5. Steve has observed that he has more difficulty
parallel parking his car when there are people watching. He
then sits outside a café and notices the number of attempts to
park and total time to successfully parallel park in nearby
parking spaces and the number of people near the parking
space. He observes that others also seem to have more
trouble parking with people watching as well. He therefore
develops a general hypothesis that parking ability is related to
being observed. What process has Steve used in developing
his hypothesis?

Question 6. Barbara is a research psychologist examining
how our interactions with friends and family change over our
lifespan. For example, she wants to understand how peer
interactions change from childhood to adolescence. What
area of psychological research best describes Barbara’s
work?
Question 7. Data which is collected without any
identifying information from participants is said to be
___________.

Question 8. A research study being conducted to test the
effects of administering nicotine to healthy volunteers, who
have never smoked, nor used any tobacco products, on their
attention and memory would most likely require which level
of IRB review?
Question 9. A (n)____________ is a collection of ideas
used to explain the connections between variables and
phenomena.
Question 10. Diane is conducting a research study in which
she is examining the best practices for understanding,
treating, and preventing depression in college students. In
which of the following areas of research is Diane working?
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PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment A Quantitative look at
Social Identity (Social identity reduces depression by
fostering positive attributions)
Week 2 assignment
Using the databases and the Research Methods research guide in the
Ashford University Library, locate and read peer-reviewed articles about
the features of qualitative research and quantitative research. Also read
the full text of the study you selected in Week One. Differentiate
between qualitative and quantitative research methods and terminology.
Specify which approach is used in the study. Explain whether the study
is qualitative or quantitative by citing specific clues from the article,
such as sample size, data collection techniques, the nature of the data
collected, or the data analysis techniques used. Using information in the
instructor guidance and Chapter 2 of the textbook, determine whether
the research study you selected is non-experimental or experimental.
Explain your reasoning.

Your paper must be a minimum of four pages (excluding title page) and
formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing
Center. All sources must be documented in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center. For more information about APA style, please
see the Ashford Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment Annotated Bibliography of
Research Methods (2 Papers)
Annotated Bibliography of Research Methods. Using the Ashford
University Library databases, locate and read peer-reviewed articles on a
variety of research designs and methods. Be sure to include at least one
article regarding the method used in the study you selected in Week
One. Create an annotated bibliography in which you select, summarize,
and evaluate at least six of these peer-reviewed sources. The sources
chosen must have been published within the last 10 years. Note that the

articles required for this assignment are not research studies; instead,
they are articles about how to do various aspects of research.
At least three of the sources should be about qualitative research
methods, and at least three of the sources should focus on quantitative
research methods. Do not select any articles about both qualitative and
quantitative methods or about mixed methods. For each source, identify
the approach (qualitative or quantitative) and the research design
category (non-experimental or experimental). Summarize each source in
your own words, describing its purpose and how the information would
be useful to a researcher designing a new study. Do not use quotations
from references for this assignment.
Refer to the Tutorials section within the Ashford University Library for
help with searching for articles. To find these tutorials, click on the
“View Tutorials” button on the Library’s home page. There is also a
subject guide devoted to Research Methods. On the Library’s home
page, click on Subject Guides, then select “Psychology,” then click on
“Research Methods.” In searching for articles on topics in psychology
and other social sciences, it is strongly recommended that you utilize the
EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and SAGE Journals Online databases. You may
only select articles that are available in full-text format. To do this, limit
your search criteria by selecting the Full-Text box in the search function
of the database.
Your paper must be a minimum of four pages (excluding title page) and
formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing

Center. All sources must be documented in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center. For more information about annotated
bibliographies and APA style, please see the Ashford Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 1 Research Design
Research Design. Consider the following scenario: You have been
approached by a pharmaceutical company that has developed a new drug
that is supposed to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Before
mass producing the drug they want to be sure that it is more effective
than the drug they are currently producing. They have offered you an
opportunity to pitch your design of a research study to determine the
effectiveness of the new drug compared with the old one. The company
will hire the person with the most effective research design.
In your posting/pitch include the following:

· Compare and contrast the characteristics of non-experimental
(descriptive and correlational) and experimental research designs.
· Specify whether the aim of the implied research question is to describe,
predict, or explain.
· Choose a research design to evaluate the relative effectiveness of the
two drugs.
· Provide a brief overview of the study you would design.
Your initial post should be 350 to 400 words. Utilize a minimum of two
peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years and
are documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 2 Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing. Based on the study you designed in the
Research Design discussion, apply the scientific method by
specifying the five steps of hypothesis testing for your study.
• Step 1: State the hypothesis.
• Step 2: Collect the data – For the purpose of this discussion, you
will state how you would collect the data.
• Step 3: Calculate statistics – For the purpose of this discussion,
you will indicate the statistical analysis technique(s) you would use.
• Step 4: Compare to a critical value – For the purpose of this
discussion, you will indicate where you would set the alpha value
and why. Note: This step is hypothetical, as you are not actually
conducting a statistical analysis. Consequently, you will choose if
the results of your hypothetical analysis are above or below the
critical value.
• Step 5: Make a decision – For the purpose of this discussion, you
will create a conclusion based on the hypothetical results from Step
4. Be sure to include a recommendation on the effectiveness of the
new drug based on the results.

Utilize a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources that were
published within the last 10 years and are documented in APA style,
as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
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Set 1

Question 1. A psychology instructor wants to examine the
consistency of his exam questions for his psychology course.
He uses a computer program to compute the average
correlation between each pair of items to compute
Cronbach’s alpha, a measure of ____________________.
Question 2. Dr. Simon is trying to determine how taking an
exam causes an increase in subsequent memory for material
covered on the exam. What research design should she use?
Question 3. ______________________ is a framework for
organizing and discussing research designs in terms of the
amount of control the research has over the design.
Question 4. An investigator is testing a new assessment of
anxiety. To examine the efficacy of this new measure, he
gives the assessment twice to a group of participants at the
beginning of the fall and spring semesters. He is testing for
_______________ .

Question 5. Grip strength is a common physical fitness
assessment tool which is highly reliable; however, research
has demonstrated that it has little relationship with actual
fitness levels. Which of the following best describes the use
of grip strength as a measure of physical fitness?
Question 6. A researcher is testing out a new personality
assessment to determine a participant’s personality type. He
shows that scores from his new measure are unrelated to
measures of mood and cognitive ability. He demonstrated
that his new assessment has ___________________.
Question 7. Event-related potentials (ERP) is a commonly
used _______________________ in which electrodes are
placed on the scalp of a participant to measure the electrical
activity of the brain during psychological studies.

Question 8. In null hypothesis significance testing, power
refers to__________.
Question 9. Studies have shown there is a relationship
between the economic prosperity of a nation and the health of
newborn infants. One study found that there was a negative
correlation between wealth (as measured by gross domestic
product or GDP) and infant mortality. Which of the
following best describes this relationship?
Question 10. In null hypothesis significance testing, we have
made a Type II error when___________.

Set 2
Question 1. ______________ is the statistic
representing the probability that our results are due to random
chance.

Question 2. Dr. Jones is conducting a study with 50
participants. She created a spreadsheet in which she sorted
participants in order of birth, so the oldest participant was
first in the list and the youngest participant was last. Next,
she coded an AGE variable for each person according to the
order they were born (so the oldest is 1 and the youngest is
50). What type of measurement scale has Dr. Jones used to
code her variable of AGE?
Question 3. ________________ is an assessment of
validity based on the association between our measures and
relevant behavioral outcomes.
Question 4. Rhonda conducted a study in which she has
tested the effectiveness of the drug DHEA on improving
episodic memory in older adults. She tested her subjects on
two different occasions; in one session her subject received a
placebo, and second they received 50 mg of DHEA. At each

test session the subjects completed a recognition memory
task to measure episodic memory performance. What is
Rhonda’s dependent variable?
Question 5. A graduate student at Big State University has
begun data collection for a thesis project in which she is
asking students about their use of social networking websites.
Her primary interest is in determining how often students use
these sites, in what ways, and if there are differences across
majors. What type of research design is this student using?
Question 6. Dr. Simon is trying to determine how
taking an exam causes an increase in subsequent memory for
material covered on the exam. What research design should
she use?
Question 7. ______________________ is a framework
for organizing and discussing research designs in terms of the
amount of control the research has over the design.

Question 8. In null hypothesis significance testing, power
refers to__________.
Question 9. In null hypothesis significance testing, we
have made a Type I error when__________.

Question 10. A psychology instructor wants to examine the
consistency of his exam questions for his psychology course.
He uses a computer program to compute the average
correlation between each pair of items to compute
Cronbach’s alpha, a measure of ____________________.
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PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a Research
Study (2 Papers)
Critique of a Research Study. Read the full texts of the study
you selected in Week One and the sources you included in
your Week Two bibliography. Evaluate the usefulness of

each source and write a critique of the study from Week One,
using the textbook and relevant articles from the Week Two
assignment to support your analysis of the study. Use the
following section headings and content in your paper.
5. Introduction
· State the purpose of the paper. Clearly identify the study
being critiqued, by title and authors. Summarize the research
question, hypothesis (if a quantitative study), and background
information on the topic from the study’s literature review.
Did the authors present a well-balanced summary of current
knowledge about the topic? Is there any apparent bias in the
literature review?
II. Methods
· Differentiate the research design (experimental or non-
experimental) and approach (qualitative or quantitative),
sampling method, and data collection methods. Indicate the
sample size, variables and measures (if a quantitative study),
statistical tests (if a quantitative study), coding and
analysis procedures (if a qualitative study), and any
assumptions made by the researchers. Were the procedures

chosen appropriate for the study? What alternative methods
would you suggest?
III. Ethical Aspects
· Analyze ethical issues pertaining to this study. Did the
researchers explicitly address ethical issues in the article? If
not, was there evidence in the report that the participants’
safety and confidentiality were protected? Was an approval
process by an Institutional Review Board or similar ethics
review committee mentioned? Were any of the practices
ethically questionable (deception, coercion, etc.)?
IV. Results
· Present a summary of the results of the analysis performed
in the study. Did the authors keep their interpretations and
conclusions separate from the analysis results (evidence)?
V. Discussion and Conclusion

· Analyze and critique the conclusions drawn by the
researchers. Do the conclusions follow logically from the
results of the analysis? Evaluate the overall efficacy of the
research study by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of
aspects of its design and implementation. Identify the
limitations noted by the researchers and add any limitations
you see that were not mentioned in the article. Describe the
directions for future research proposed by the authors and
evaluate their appropriateness. Recommend at least one idea
for a future study that will overcome some of the limitations
of this study. Keep in mind that this suggested future study
will serve as the basis for your Final Paper.
Your paper should be four to six pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA
style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a
minimum of five peer-reviewed sources that were published
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. These sources should
include the article being critiqued and three of the sources
from your Week Two assignment, as well as the course
textbook. If at least three of the articles from the Week Two
assignment are not useful in evaluating the study being
critiqued or for suggesting alternative methods for studying
the topic, search the Ashford Library for other suitable peer-
reviewed sources.
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PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a Research
Study (Social identity reduces depression by fostering
positive attributions)
Week 3 assignment
Reread the full text of the study you selected in Week One.
Evaluate the study and write a critique, using the textbook
and relevant journal articles to support your analysis of the
study. Use the following section headings and content in your
paper.
Introduction
State the purpose of the paper. Clearly identify the study
being critiqued, by title and authors. Summarize the research
question, hypothesis (if a quantitative study), and background
information on the topic from the study’s literature review.

Did the authors present a well-balanced summary of current
knowledge about the topic? Is there any apparent bias in the
literature review?
Methods
Differentiate the research design (experimental or non-
experimental) and approach (qualitative or quantitative),
sampling method, and data collection methods. Indicate the
sample size, variables and measures (if a quantitative study),
statistical tests (if a quantitative study), coding and analysis
procedures (if a qualitative study), and any assumptions made
by the researchers. Were the procedures chosen appropriate
for the study? What alternative methods would you suggest?
Analyze ethical issues pertaining to this study. Did the
researchers explicitly address ethical issues in the article? If
not, was there evidence in the report that the participants’
safety and confidentiality were protected? Was an approval
process by an Institutional Review Board or similar ethics
review committee mentioned? Were any of the practices
ethically questionable (deception, coercion, etc.)?
Present a summary of the results of the analysis performed in
the study. Did the authors keep their interpretations and
conclusions separate from the analysis results (evidence)?
Analyze and critique the conclusions drawn by the
researchers. Do the conclusions follow logically from the
results of the analysis? Evaluate the overall efficacy of the
research study by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of
aspects of its design and implementation. Identify the
limitations noted by the researchers and add any limitations

you see that were not mentioned in the article. Describe the
directions for future research proposed by the authors and
evaluate their appropriateness. Recommend at least one idea
for a future study that will overcome some of the limitations
of this study. Keep in mind that this suggested future study
will serve as the basis for your Final Paper.
Ethical Aspects
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
Your paper should be four to six pages in length (excluding
title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA
style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a
minimum of five sources that were published within the last
10 years and are documented in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center. These sources should include the
article being critiqued, at least three peer-reviewed journal
articles, and the course textbook. It is recommended that you
visit the Research Methods research guide in the Ashford
University Library for suggested articles, as well as searching
for articles in the Library’s databases.
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PSY 326 Week 3 DQ 1 Descriptive Research

Descriptive Research. Evaluate and briefly discuss the three
descriptive designs presented in Chapter 3 (case studies,
archival research, and observational research). Be sure to
discuss the strengths and weaknesses associated with each
approach. Which of these three approaches do you think is
the best descriptive design and why? Finally, recommend
research questions or topics for which each of these designs
would be effective in investigating.
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PSY 326 Week 4 Annotated Bibliography (Social identity
reduces depression by fostering positive attributions)

Annotated Bibliography
Read the instructions for the final paper to determine the
kinds of articles you will need to use as references. Also read
the Example Research Proposal provided in the course
materials to help you visualize your final paper. Search the
Ashford University Library’s databases and the Research
Methods research guide to find appropriate peer-reviewed
sources for your proposal. Read the selected articles and
reread relevant sections of the textbook and the full text of
the study you have been working with throughout the course.
Using the Sample Annotated Bibliography information and
example from the Writing Center as a guide, create an
annotated bibliography of the sources you will use in your
final research proposal.
The references in the annotated bibliography must be listed in
alphabetical order, formatted in APA style, and published
within the past 10 years. All selected sources other than the
textbook must be available in full text in the Ashford
University Library. After each reference, insert two
paragraphs. The first paragraph should summarize the main
points of the source, in your own words. Do not use any
quotations or verbatim wording from the source for this

assignment. In the second paragraph, explain how you will
use the source to support your research proposal.
For this assignment, a title page in APA format is required
but it is not necessary to include a separate reference page,
because the paper itself is the reference page with additional
information inserted. If you do include a separate page of
references, be aware that it will not be counted towards the
required page count. Your paper must be a minimum of four
pages (excluding title page) and formatted according to APA
style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
===========================================
===
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 1 Survey Research
Survey Research. For this discussion, choose a research area
you would like to learn more about. Design a study using one

of the survey approaches introduced in Chapter 4 of your
course textbook. Include the following in your post:
· Briefly describe the main points of your study.
· Apply aspects of the scientific method to your study by
including the type of sampling you will use in your research
design and why you chose the approach that you did to study
this topic.
· Include two sample questions that will be a part of your
study. Explain why each of these would be good questions
based on the principles presented this week.
· Analyze the ethical principles which may affect your study.
What are the specific ethical concerns associated with your
research question or approach?
· Finally, suggest ways to improve the response rate or
participation levels in your study.
Your initial post should be 250 to 300 words. Utilize a

===========================================
===
psy 326 week 4 dq 2 data analysis
Data Analysis. Assume that you applied the method proposed
in the research study you designed for the first discussion
activity this week and now have the data. Which of the
methods used for analyzing survey data would you use and
why? Be sure to explain why the approach that you are
proposing to use for data analysis is consistent with the
survey research method that you employed. In addition,
identify the measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, or
ratio) of the data you obtained and differentiate the research
terminology used.

===========================================
===
PSY 326 Week 4 Quiz (2 Set – 100% Score)
Set 1

Question 1. ________________ is a measure of dispersion
that represents the average difference between the mean and
each individual score which is calculated by taking the square
root of the variance.
Question 2. One of the key issues in observational research is
simplifying the process of observing behavior by taking
____________ or small snippets of the environment.
Question 3. An important principle in writing items for a
survey questionnaire is to avoid _______________ which are
written in such a way that they suggest an answer.
Question 4. Cory is putting together a presentation on her
data and wants to present the frequency of binge drinking by
gender (males and females) and student status (graduate vs.
undergraduate). Which of the following should she use?

Question 5. A(n) _______________ is a survey that involves
a written question-and-answer exchange between the
researcher and the participant.
Question 6. Which of the following measures represents the
number in the middle of our dataset, with 50% of scores both
above and below it?
Question 7. Dr. Bassey is conducting a study of
methamphetamine users. The problem she faces is finding
and recruiting participants for her study. She is able to tap
into a group of people in the community who then recruit
other users for her study. She asks each participant to try to
recruit other users they know. What type of sampling strategy
has Dr. Bassey used?

Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most typical
case in our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which of the
following should we use?
Question 9. Dr. Blue is conducting a research study
examining the effects of heat on aggression in urban
environments. On days in which the heat index exceeds 100
degrees he observes people interacting on public transit and
counts the number of aggressive acts and compares his
observations with days in which the high temperature is
between 70 and 80 degrees. What strategy best describes Dr.
Blue’s project?
Question 10. Rose is taking her weekly trip through her local
mall when a researcher stops to ask if she would be willing to
answer a brief survey. What type of sampling strategy has
this researcher used?

Set 2
Question 1. ________________ is a descriptive design
that provides a detailed, in-depth analysis of one person over
a period of time.
Question 2. Phineas Gage, an unfortunate railroad worker
who suffered a severe injury from an accident that severed
connections between his frontal lobes and other areas of the
brain, resulting in dramatic personality changes, is a famous
and classic example of a(n) ________________.

Question 3. In order for a sample to be representative, it
needs to be ______________________ to/ as the population
you are interested in studying.
Question 4. Roberto is a graduate student interested in
understanding in-group/out-group interactions among gay
males, so he joins a gay men’s rugby team to record
information about how people within the group and outside
the group are treated. Which of the following best describes
Roberto’s research?

Question 5. Although observational designs are well
suited to a wide range of research questions, one critical issue
is that the questions must be addressed through
___________________ events and behaviors.
Question 7. Dr. Black is discussing the results from the
mid-term exam he recently gave with his class and indicates

the lowest score was a 58 and the highest score was a 98
making the ______________ for the mid-term 40.
Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most
typical case in our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which
of the following should we use?
Question 9. ________________ refers to the degree to
which characteristics of the sample differ from the
characteristics of the population.

Question 10. Dr. Goody is conducting a research study of
Old Southern University students in which he has selected
participants at random from a registrar’s list of all students at
Old Southern University. The registrar’s list refers to what
aspect of Dr. Goody’s study?
Set 1
Question 1. ________________ is a measure of dispersion
that represents the average difference between the mean and
each individual score which is calculated by taking the square
root of the variance.

Question 2. One of the key issues in observational research is
simplifying the process of observing behavior by taking
____________ or small snippets of the environment.
Question 4. Cory is putting together a presentation on her
data and wants to present the frequency of binge drinking by
gender (males and females) and student status (graduate vs.
undergraduate). Which of the following should she use?
Question 5. A(n) _______________ is a survey that involves
a written question-and-answer exchange between the
researcher and the participant.

Question 6. Which of the following measures represents the
number in the middle of our dataset, with 50% of scores both
above and below it?
Question 7. Dr. Bassey is conducting a study of
methamphetamine users. The problem she faces is finding
and recruiting participants for her study. She is able to tap
into a group of people in the community who then recruit
other users for her study. She asks each participant to try to
recruit other users they know. What type of sampling strategy
has Dr. Bassey used?
Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most typical
case in our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which of the
following should we use?
Question 9. Dr. Blue is conducting a research study
examining the effects of heat on aggression in urban
environments. On days in which the heat index exceeds 100
degrees he observes people interacting on public transit and

counts the number of aggressive acts and compares his
observations with days in which the high temperature is
between 70 and 80 degrees. What strategy best describes Dr.
Blue’s project?
Question 10. Rose is taking her weekly trip through her local
mall when a researcher stops to ask if she would be willing to
answer a brief survey. What type of sampling strategy has
this researcher used?
Set 2

Question 1. ________________ is a descriptive design
that provides a detailed, in-depth analysis of one person over
a period of time.
Question 2. Phineas Gage, an unfortunate railroad worker
who suffered a severe injury from an accident that severed
connections between his frontal lobes and other areas of the
brain, resulting in dramatic personality changes, is a famous
and classic example of a(n) ________________.

Question 3. In order for a sample to be representative, it
needs to be ______________________ to/ as the population
you are interested in studying.
Question 4. Roberto is a graduate student interested in
understanding in-group/out-group interactions among gay
males, so he joins a gay men’s rugby team to record
information about how people within the group and outside
the group are treated. Which of the following best describes
Roberto’s research?
Question 5. Although observational designs are well
suited to a wide range of research questions, one critical issue
is that the questions must be addressed through
___________________ events and behaviors.

Question 7. Dr. Black is discussing the results from the
mid-term exam he recently gave with his class and indicates
the lowest score was a 58 and the highest score was a 98
making the ______________ for the mid-term 40.

Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most
typical case in our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which
of the following should we use?
Question 9. ________________ refers to the degree to
which characteristics of the sample differ from the
characteristics of the population.
Question 10. Dr. Goody is conducting a research study of
Old Southern University students in which he has selected
participants at random from a registrar’s list of all students at
Old Southern University. The registrar’s list refers to what
aspect of Dr. Goody’s study?
===========================================
===

PSY 326 Week 5 DQ 1 Experimental Versus Quasi-
Experimental Designs
Experimental Versus Quasi-Experimental Designs. After
reading Chapter 5 in the course text compare and contrast the
similarities and differences between experimental and quasi-
experimental designs. Describe the different ways in which
an independent variable can be manipulated. Demonstrate
application of the scientific method and ethical principles by
explaining what dictates the selection of design (experimental
versus quasi-experimental) and the type of manipulation used
in a research study. Finally, give an example of a situation
that could be studied with an experiment or quasi-experiment
and assess the appropriateness of one design over the other in
light of practical and ethical concerns.

===========================================
===
PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper (Social identity reduces
depression by fostering positive attributions)
Review the Example Research Proposal provided in the
course materials. Design a research study on the topic of the
study selected in Week One and critiqued in Week Three.
Your design should seek to resolve the limitations you
identified in the study you critiqued. Your paper must
address all of the components required in the “Methods”
section of a research proposal:
• State the research question and/or hypothesis.
• Specify the approach (qualitative or quantitative), research
design, sampling strategy, data collection procedures, and
data analysis techniques to be used.

• If the design is quantitative, also describe the variables,
measures, and statistical tests you would use.
• Analyze ethical issues that may arise and explain how you
would handle these issues.
Your Final Paper must be six to eight pages in length
(excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according
to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Utilize a minimum of six peer-reviewed sources that were
published within the last 10 years, in addition to the textbook,
that are documented in APA style as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center. The sources should consist of the following:
• One source should be the article you critiqued in the Week
Three assignment.
• At least two sources should be about the research
methodology you have chosen for your study.
• At least one source should be on ethical issues in research.
• The remaining sources may be about anything pertinent to
your study.
In accordance with APA style, all references listed must be
cited in the body of the paper.
Required Sections and Subsections (use these headings in
your paper)
I. Introduction – Introduce the research topic, explain why it
is important, and present your research question and/or
hypothesis.

II. Literature Review – Summarize the current state of
knowledge on your topic, making reference to the findings of
previous research studies (including the one you critiqued in
Week Three). Briefly analyze and critique these studies and
mention the research methods that have previously been used
to study the topic. State whether your proposed study is a
replication of a previous study or a new approach using
methods that have not been used before. Be sure to properly
cite all of your sources in APA style.
III. Methods
A. Design – Indicate whether your proposed study is
qualitative or quantitative in approach. Identify the specific
research design, using one of the designs we have studied in
Weeks Three through Five, and indicate whether it is
experimental or non-experimental. Evaluate your chosen
design and explain why you believe this design is appropriate
for the topic and how it will provide the information you
need to answer the research question. Cite sources on
research methodology to support your choices.
B. Participants – Identify and describe the sampling strategy
you would use to recruit participants for your study. Estimate
the number of participants you would need and explain why
your sampling method is appropriate for your research design
and approach.
C. Procedure/Measures – Apply the scientific method by
describing the steps you would use in carrying out your
study. Indicate whether you will use any kind of test,

questionnaire, or measurement instrument. If using an
existing published instrument, provide a brief description and
cite your source. If you are creating a questionnaire, survey,
or test, describe the types of information you will gather and
explain how you would establish the validity and reliability.
If you are not using such an instrument, describe how you
would collect the data.
D. Data Analysis – Describe the statistical techniques (if
quantitative) or the analysis procedure (if qualitative) you
plan to use to analyze the data. Cite at least one source on the
chosen analysis technique (from your Week Two
assignment).
E. Ethical Issues – Analyze the impact of ethical concerns on
your proposed study, such as confidentiality, deception,
informed consent, potential harm to participants, conflict of
interest, IRB approval, etc. After analyzing the ethical issues
that apply to your research proposal, indicate what you would
do to handle these concerns.
IV. Conclusion – Briefly summarize the major points from
your paper and reiterate why your proposed study is needed.
Writing the Final Paper
The Final Paper:
• Must be six to eight double-spaced pages in length, and
formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center.
• Must include a title page with the following:

• Title of paper
• Student’s name
• Course name and number
• Instructor’s name
• Date submitted
• Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a
succinct thesis statement.
• Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
• Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
• Must use at least six peer-reviewed sources that were
published within the last 10 years, in addition to the textbook.
• Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a separate reference page, formatted
Center.
===========================================
===
PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper Research Proposal (2
Papers)

Focus of the Final Paper: Research Proposal
Design a research study on the topic of the study selected in
Week One and critiqued in Week Three. Your design should
seek to resolve the limitations you identified in the study you
critiqued. Your paper must address all of the components
required in the “Methods” section of a research proposal:
· · State the research question and/or hypothesis.

· · Specify the approach (qualitative or quantitative),
research design, sampling strategy, data collection
procedures, and data analysis techniques to be used.
· · If the design is quantitative, also describe the
variables, measures, and statistical tests you would use.
· · Analyze ethical issues that may arise and explain
how you would handle these issues.
Your Final Paper must be eight to ten pages in length
(excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according
to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Utilize a minimum of six peer-reviewed sources that were
published within the last 10 years, in addition to the textbook,
that are documented in APA style as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center. The sources should consist of the following:
· · One source should be the article you critiqued in the
Week Three assignment.
· · At least two sources should be about the research
methodology you have chosen for your study.

· · At least one source should be on ethical issues in
research.
· · The remaining sources may be about anything
pertinent to your study.
In accordance with APA style, all references listed must be
cited in the body of the paper.
Required Sections and Subsections (use these headings in
your paper)
5. Introduction – Introduce the research topic, explain why
it is important, and present your research question and/or
hypothesis.
II. Literature Review – Summarize the current state of
knowledge on your topic, making reference to the findings of
previous research studies (including the one you critiqued in
Week Three). Briefly analyze and critique these studies and
mention the research methods that have previously been used
to study the topic. State whether your proposed study is a
replication of a previous study or a new approach using

methods that have not been used before. Be sure to properly
cite all of your sources in APA style.
III. Methods
A. Design – Indicate whether your proposed study is
qualitative or quantitative in approach. Identify the specific
research design, using one of the designs we have studied in
Weeks Three through Five, and indicate whether it is
experimental or non-experimental. Evaluate your chosen
design and explain why you believe this design is appropriate
for the topic and how it will provide the information you
need to answer the research question. Cite sources on
research methodology to support your choices.
B. Participants – Identify and describe the sampling strategy
you would use to recruit participants for your study. Estimate
the number of participants you would need and explain why
your sampling method is appropriate for your research design
and approach.
C. Procedure/Measures – Apply the scientific method by
describing the steps you would use in carrying out your

study. Indicate whether you will use any kind of test,
questionnaire, or measurement instrument. If using an
existing published instrument, provide a brief description and
cite your source. If you are creating a questionnaire, survey,
or test, describe the types of information you will gather and
explain how you would establish the validity and reliability.
If you are not using such an instrument, describe how you
would collect the data.
D. Data Analysis – Describe the statistical techniques (if
quantitative) or the analysis procedure (if qualitative) you
plan to use to analyze the data. Cite at least one source on the
chosen analysis technique (from your Week Two
assignment).
E. Ethical Issues – Analyze the impact of ethical concerns on
your proposed study, such as confidentiality, deception,
informed consent, potential harm to participants, conflict of
interest, IRB approval, etc. After analyzing the ethical issues
that apply to your research proposal, indicate what you would
do to handle these concerns.
IV. Conclusion – Briefly summarize the major points from
your paper and reiterate why your proposed study is needed.
===========================================
===

PSY 326 Week 5 Quiz (2 Set – 100% Score)
Set 1

1. Question : ______________ assesses the degree
to which our results can be attributed to our independent
variables.
Question 2. Dr. Poe is conducting an experiment in which
he is examining the effect of taking tests on later memory for
studied material. He has his participants study two
standardized test passages. For one of the passages,
participants are given a second opportunity to study the
passage, followed by a recall test. For the other passage, they
are given a multiple choice test followed by a recall test. He
finds that performance in the recall test is better for the
passage for which participants were tested than the passage
that was studied twice. Which of the following best
describes Dr. Poe’s study?

Question 3. Dr. Washington is conducting an experiment
in which he is interested in the effects of the drug alprazolam
on episodic memory in adult participants. He conducts an
experiment in which he gives one group a pill containing 1
mg of the drug and a second group a placebo pill. One hour
following drug administration he has the participants study
50 words, one a time, and then asks them to recall as many of
the words as possible. What is Dr. Washington’s
independent variable?
Question 4. __________________ are mean comparisons
that involve comparing only the means for which differences
were predicted by the hypothesis.
Question 5. ___________________ is the occurrence of a
change in behavior resulting from the mere expectation that
change will occur.

Question 6. ____________________ is a criterion for
judging external validity which indicates the research
replicates the psychological conditions of the real world.
Question 7. Dr. Grey is conducting a research study in
which she has assigned her participants to conditions prior to
the experiment. She has flipped a coin to determine if each
participant is in condition A or B until she has an equivalent
number of participants in each condition. What procedure
has this investigator used?
Question 8. Dr. Jefferson is conducting an experiment in
which she is interested in the effects of caffeine on
visuospatial ability in adult participants. She conducts an
experiment in which she gives one group a pill containing

20mg of caffeine and a second group a placebo pill. One
hour following pill administration she has the participants
complete a mental rotation task. What is Dr. Jefferson’s
dependent variable?
Question 9. The threat to validity known as reactive
arrangements is a problem for __________.
Question 10. A(n) _____________ is the effect of each
independent variable on the dependent variable, collapsing
across the levels of other independent variables.

PSY 326 Week 5 Quiz
Question 1. Sheila is a graduate student interested in how
the presence of odors influences mood in adults. She
measures the mood of participants and then divides them into
three groups: one is placed in room with a pleasant odor, one
group is placed in a room with no odor (the air is purified
with a filter), and the final group is placed in room with a
very unpleasant smell. Then, Sheila measures their mood
again. Which of the following best describes her study?

Question 2. ______________ assesses the degree to which
our results can be attributed to our independent variables.
Question 3. Dr. Grey is conducting a research study in
which she has assigned her participants to conditions prior to
the experiment. She has flipped a coin to determine if each
participant is in condition A or B until she has an equivalent
number of participants in each condition. What procedure
has this investigator used?
Question 4. Robert is a graduate student interested in the
effects of exercise on attention. His hypothesis is that brief
exercise will improve attention performance in college aged
adults. He tests half of his participants following a 5 minute
step test and the other half of his participants following a five
minute period of sitting quietly. Which of the following best
describes the exercise group?

Question 5. The threat to validity known as treatment
diffusion is a problem for __________.
Question 6. ____________are a type of order effect that
occurs when participants’ performance decreases over time
due to repeated testing.
Question 7. A researcher is conducting a research study in
which he is concerned about verbal ability differences across
the conditions of his experiment. As a result, the first
participants complete a verbal learning task that ranks based
on their score on this task. The researcher then randomly

assigns participants to conditions, ensuring that his groups
are equivalent on this task in the end. What procedure has
this investigator used?
Question 8. Joan is recruiting participants for a research
study in which she has advertised for participants interested
in losing 20lbs in order to test if her new diet will be a
successful tool for losing weight. Unfortunately, her study
suffers from ____________ because her participants are
probably motivated to lose weight and thus different from the
general population of overweight individuals.
Question 9. Dr. Perry is conducting an experiment in
which he is interested in the effects of the drug zolpidem on
executive functioning in adult participants. He conducts an
experiment in which he gives one group a pill containing 10
mg of the drug and a second group a placebo pill. One hour

following drug administration, he has them complete the
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Which of the following best
describes Dr. Perry’s experimental design?
Question 10. Dr. Madison is conducting an experiment in
which he is interested in the effects of the drug lorazepam on
working memory in adult participants. He conducts an
experiment in which he gives one group a pill containing
5mg of the drug and a second group a placebo pill. One hour
following drug administration, he has the participants
complete the Operations Span Task. The “placebo group” is
best characterized as:
===========================================
===

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