Fiber optic communication uses lightwave technology to transmit data over long distances and local networks. It has three main elements - a compact light source, low loss optical fiber, and a photo detector. The light source such as an LED or laser diode converts electronic signals to light which is carried through the optical fiber. The photo detector then converts the light back to an electronic signal. Fiber optic communication can transmit voice, video, telemetry and data using these components and is ideal for gigabit and beyond data transmission over long distances.

1. Fiber Optic Communication
System
Presenter : Bala Chandran
College : National College of Engineering

2. Purpose of using fiber optic communication
 For gigabits and beyond gigabits transmission of data, the fiber optic
communication is the ideal choice.
This type of communication is used to transmit voice, video,
telemetry and data over long distances and local area networks or
computer networks.
It uses light wave technology to transmit the data over a fiber by
changing electronic signals into light.

3. Basic Elements
There are three main basic elements of fiber optic communication
system. They are
Compact light source
Low loss optical fiber
Photo detector
 Accessories like connectors, switches, couplers, multiplexing
devices, amplifiers and splices are also essential elements in this
communication system.

4. Compact Light Source
LED and Laser are used as light
sources
LED for short distance and low
data rate applications.
Laser diodes are used of longer
distance and high data rate.
Nowadays many improvements
and advancements have made
the sources more reliable.

5. Comparison of LED and Laser diode

6. Low loss optical fiber
Parameter like tensile strength,
rigidity, durability should be
considered.
Made up of high quality
extruded glass (Si) or plastic.
The diameter of the fiber optic
cable is in between 0.25 and
0.5mm

7. Types of optical fibers
Single mode fibers:
Transmits one signal per fiber
It is used in telephone and TV sets
Multi mode fibers:
Transmits many signals per fiber
It is used in computer and LAN

8. Photo Detectors:
It converts light signal back to an electrical signal.
There are two types
i) PN photo diode
ii) Avalanche Photo diode
Composition of materials vary based on application’s wavelength
(Silicon, Germanium, InGaAs, etc.)

9. Overview of fiber optic communication

10. Working:
A fiber optic communication network consists of transmitting and
receiving circuitry, a light source and detector devices.
When the electrical signal is given as input, it converts them into light
signal with the help of a light source in the transmitter circuitry.
The light beam from the source is carried by a fiber optic cable to the
destination circuitry wherein the information is transmitted back to
the electrical signal by a receiver circuit.

11. Receiver Circuit:
The receiver circuit consists of a photo detector along with an
appropriate electronic circuit.
The photo detector is capable of measuring magnitude, frequency
and phase of the optic field.
Both LED and Laser can be used as light sources based on the
application.

12. THANK
YOU