Rebuilding Local Seed Systems and Germplasm Rescue Mission in Red Zone Areas (Earthquake affected Districts) of Nepal
•
1 like•12 views
how to rescue germplasm, (rare, endangered, unique landraces) and how to revive lost seed systems (work in red zone and red list)
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Rebuilding Local Seed Systems and Germplasm Rescue Mission in Red Zone Areas (Earthquake affected Districts) of Nepal
Similar to Rebuilding Local Seed Systems and Germplasm Rescue Mission in Red Zone Areas (Earthquake affected Districts) of Nepal (11)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Rebuilding Local Seed Systems and Germplasm Rescue Mission in Red Zone Areas (Earthquake affected Districts) of Nepal
- 1. 9/14/2020 1 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rebuilding Local Seed Systems and Germplasm Rescue Mission in Red Zone Areas (Earthquake affected Districts) of Nepal Bal Krishna Joshi, PhD National Genebank, NARC, Kathmandu, Nepal joshibalak@yahoo.com Project inception meeting: Foundations for rebuilding seed systems post Cyclone Idai (Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi), Monday 28 – Thursday 31 October 2019 Protea Hotel by Marriott Cape Town Waterfront Breakwater Lodge, Cape Town, South Africa Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/35 Nepal ▪ 65% population in agriculture ▪ Population: 26.4 million
- 2. 9/14/2020 2 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3/35 Agrobiodiversity: APGRs in Nepal 64 3 64 50 3 184 145 27 150 450 40 812 275 5 10 170 50 510 484 35 224 670 93 1506 Cultivated Semi-domesticated Crop wild relatives Wild edible plants Introduced Group total Total Forages Horticultural crops Agronomic crops Joshi et al 2017 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4/35 Conservation Strategies and Methods in Nepal Joshi et al 2017
- 3. 9/14/2020 3 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5/35 2015 Earthquake (7.5 Richter scale) ▪ Death toll of 9,000, with another 23,000 injured and more than 785,000 homes damaged or destroyed, and about 2.8 million people displaced (NPC 2015). ▪ Stored food grains and seeds lost amounting to more than US$80 million ▪ The earthquake triggered loss of seeds and crop diversity due to destruction of storage structures, burial of stored seeds and damage of agricultural land ▪ About 70% of farm households have lost their more than 60% of their seed stock and crop genetic resources stored in their household stores (FAO 2015, NPC 2015), ▪ >90% farmers in affected areas depend on the use of self- saved and locally exchanged seeds of native crop landraces Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6/35 Earthquake Affected Districts Our target: 10 districts Joshi and Gauchan 2017
- 4. 9/14/2020 4 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7/35 Project Objectives • Human and livestock rescued by different organizations ▪ Realized to rescue crop germplasm and formulated the project (Rebuilding Local Seed System: Rescue Collection, Conservation and Repatriation in Earthquake affected Areas of Nepal) Objectives ▪ To restore lost crop diversity and local seed systems in earthquake affected areas ▪ To rescue germplasm from earthquake hit areas and conserve them in national genebank and local community seed banks ▪ To characterize, evaluate and multiply farmer preferred adapted rescued seeds and repatriate (distribute back) ▪ To strengthen capacity of stakeholders in rescue mission and rebuilding sustainable local seed system Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8/35 What we achieved Catmint 921 61 104 26 73 185 2 2 173 Total accessions Total crops Extinct landraces Rare landraces Endangered due to earthquake Endangered due to other factors New species Unknown crops Characterized/ seed multiplied… Diversity collected along with their status Joshi et al 2017
- 5. 9/14/2020 5 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9/35 Collection and Climate Analog Map Developed Analog sites for landrace exchanges and repatriation of germplasm Collection map from earthquake affected districts One master student (plant breeding) did thesis Paudel et al 2017, Ghimire et al 2017 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10/35 Crop Species and Lost ▪ We found total 150 crop species in 10 earthquake affected districts ▪ About 5-10% of total crop landraces were lost due to earthquake ▪ If this rescue mission was not implemented, about 20% of crop landraces would have been lost Joshi et al 2017
- 6. 9/14/2020 6 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11/35 Local Seed Systems Rebuilt ▪ Local seed system restored through diversity fairs, diversity blocks, diversity kits, participatory seeds exchange event and repatriation ▪ The awareness and capacity of 22 staff, 425 farmers and 35 extension and development workers enhanced ▪ 200 diversity kits provided to 200 farmers for reviving the local seed systems in earthquake affected districts ▪ Old collections from earthquake affected districts repatriated ▪ 485 farmers brought 2058 samples of seeds to share and 503 farmers took 1249 samples of seeds from the six participatory seeds exchange events ▪ 5 rescued landraces repatriated to other climate analog sites ▪ 2 community seed banks supported and mobilized Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12/35 How we did Main mission ▪ Germplasm Rescue ▪ Rebuilding Local Seed Systems Drought tolerant finger millet?
- 7. 9/14/2020 7 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13/35 General Approaches ▪ Inception meeting, action plan and training ▪ Stakeholder sensitization and interaction meeting ▪ Key informant survey (KIS) and stakeholder consultation to identify affected locations, communities, crop & landraces ▪ Participatory rural appraisals specifically: Focus Group Discussion, Participatory Exploration & Field Observations ▪ Household survey of most affected areas for rescue collection of seeds, passport data fill-up and other information ▪ Local and national workshop Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14/35 Germplasm Rescue ▪ Rare and endangered crop landraces ▪ Identify red zone ▪ Assess conservation status of species and landraces (diversity assessment)
- 8. 9/14/2020 8 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15/35 I. Declaring Red Zone for Agrobiodiversity • Requested to all stakeholders to work on these mission Joshi and Gauchan 2017 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16/35 Determination of Conservation Status of Germplasm II. Survey III. Distribution and Population Size Analysis Joshi and Gauchan 2017
- 9. 9/14/2020 9 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17/35 IV. Trait Distribution Analysis Joshi and Gauchan 2017 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18/35 What Factors make Germplasm Endangered ▪ Distribution of modern variety, introduction of foreign germplasm ▪ Natural and human made disasters ▪ Epidemics of diseases and insect pests ▪ Changes in land use pattern and leaving land fallow or habitat loss ▪ Changes in occupation, abandon agriculture, war or insurgency ▪ Old trees of which progeny has not been generated ▪ Rapid commercialization of agriculture; mono-genotyping ▪ Migration of farmers and land abandonment for cultivation ▪ Over-exploitation eg loss of species caused by over-grazing or by uncontrolled harvesting in the wild
- 10. 9/14/2020 10 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19/35 Earthquake Making Landrace Endangered ▪ Distribution of planting materials (including relief materials) collected from outside the target areas by different organizations ▪ Damage of standing crops by landslides ▪ Damage of grain and seed store by collapse of house buildings ▪ Remaining of few amount of plant materials which could not cover the planting areas therefore, farmers went to other alternatives ▪ Many crops could not be harvested and stored seeds and grains were used as food ▪ Farmers forced to migrate abandoning agriculture and planting materials Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20/35 V. Approaches for Rescue Mission in the Fields ▪ Visited many households, fields, collapsed buildings, interacted farmers and officials ▪ Harvesting of seeds from remnant plants directly from the field ▪ Searching planting materials in collapse building and collections of seeds ▪ Harvesting seeds from the standing crops grown within collapse buildings (some seeds of some crops were germinated within collapse buildings) ▪ Digging out the buildings for getting seeds with the help of farmers ▪ Providing diversity kits to deploy diversity and requesting farmers to provide few seeds of local crops ▪ Asking farmers where can be found these lost landraces nearby and visiting such sites for collections
- 11. 9/14/2020 11 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21/35 VI. Rescue Techniques Joshi and Gauchan 2017 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22/35 VII. Diversity Fairs Very simple and cost effective for collection of local genetic resources and germplasm rescue
- 12. 9/14/2020 12 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23/35 VIII. Exploration and Collection Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24/35 Rebuilding Local Seed Systems A. Diversity Fairs
- 13. 9/14/2020 13 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25/35 B. Participatory Seed Exchange Event Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26/35 C. GIS and Climate Analog Tool (CAT) ▪ Analog sites based on focus group discussion/ key informant and CAT ▪ Identified climate analog sites along with site detail for earthquake affected districts ▪ Using DIVA-GIS, CAT and Google Earth ▪ Important for reviving the local seed systems and repatriation Earthquake areas
- 14. 9/14/2020 14 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27/35 D. Repatriation ▪ Rare and endangered ▪ Old collection from Genebank ▪ Elite lines, farmers’ preferred landraces from Genebank, Community Seed Bank, Analog sites and IRRI ▪ Searched lost landraces (by name) to other areas Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28/35 E. Analysis of Collections in National Genebank and Genesys before Earthquake 16 256 534 811 235 250-500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001-2677 Altituderange(masl) 1852 accessions of 40 crops are from 13 earthquake affected districts collected before 2015 mega earthquake and conserved in National Genebank Ghimire et al 2017
- 15. 9/14/2020 15 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29/35 F. Diversity Blocks Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30/35 G. Seed Multiplication and Characterization
- 16. 9/14/2020 16 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31/35 H. Community Seed Bank Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32/35 Good Practices Adopted under this Project 1. Agrobiodiversity rich farmers 2. Community field genebank 3. Community seed bank 4. Crop specific park 5. Cultivar mixture 6. Local media for community sensitization 7. Participatory crop breeding 8. Food fair 9. Germplasm rescue mission 10. GIS + CAT 11. Household genebank 12. Image bank 13. Landrace as geo indicator 14. Landrace enhancement and conservation (LEC) 15. Landraces catalog and registration 16. Local food shop 17. CWR and WEP in-situ conservation 18. Diversity block 19. Product diversification 20. Red zoning and red listing 21. Registration of landraces 22. Repatriation 23. School field genebank 24. Site specific stable crop 25. Sharingshop 26. Traveling seminar 27. Incentive and award 28. Diversity/ seed fair 29. Diversity kit 30. Diversity rich solution
- 17. 9/14/2020 17 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33/35 Lesson Learned ▪ Diversity fairs and participatory seed exchange events are most effective for collections and reviving crop diversity ▪ The process helped to restore lost diversity, revive and strengthen the local seed system and safeguard biodiversity of native crops ▪ All relevant stakeholders need to involve ▪ Red zone areas need to identify as quickly as possible for germplasm rescue ▪ Focus should be on providing access and availability of locally adapted varieties and quality seeds of the local crops ▪ Rescue collection during and after disasters in remote mountainous locations was difficult and challenging Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34/35 ▪ Joshi BK and D Gauchan, eds. 2017. Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal. Proceedings of a National Sharingshop, 18 Dec 2017, Kathmandu; NAGRC, Bioversity Int’l and Crop Trust; Kathmandu, Nepal. https://www.bioversityinternational.org/file admin/user_upload/Rebuilding_Gauchan_20 17.pdf ▪ Joshi BK, KH Ghimire, D Singh and MN Paduel. 2016. Conservation options, methods and programs for Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in Nepal. National Agric. Genetic Resources Center, Khumaltar. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3 21300485_Conservation_options_methods_ and_programs_for_Agricultural_Plant_Genet ic_Resources_in_Nepal References
- 18. 9/14/2020 18 Nepal Genebank, NARC Joshi 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgments • Farmers • DADOs • Crop Trust • Bioversity Int’l • NARC Seed collecting from farmers Interaction workshop • Thanks Elly Bareett for this sharing arrangement • Wish you all for the success of project