Shodh Aani Bodh

1
emoY Am{U ~moY - H$mhr Ádb§V àíZm§Mm
Apñ_Vm {MVio

2
Apñ_Vm {MVio
gd© h¸$ gwa{jV
g§`moOZ : S>m°. lram_ JrV
àH$meH$
em§{Vbmb _wÏWm
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm (~r.Oo.Eg.)
8 dm _Obm, _wÏWm M|~g© 2, goZmnVr ~mnQ> _mJ©,
nwUo - 411 016
_wÐH$
à^mV qàQ>g©
427 JwbQ>oH$S>r, nwUo - 411 037
_wIn¥ï>
qMVm_Ur hg~Zrg
àW_ Amd¥Îmr
5 _o 2012
qH$_V : ê$. 100/-

3
àñVmdZm
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>Zm`§XmaOVO`§Vr_hmoËgdr
df© gmOao H$[aV Amho `mMm _bm ì`pŠVe…
_ZñdrAmZ§XhmoVAmho.g§nyU©^maVmVAmYw{ZH$
V§ÌkmZ d àJV ì`dñWmnZmMm dmna H$ê$Z
H$m`©j_nUogm_m{OH$joÌmVH$m`©H$aUmarhrg§KQ>ZmAmho.1987
nmgyZem§{V^mD$dg§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$m`m©er_mPmg§~§YAmbm.nwÊ`mV
gH$miZJa_Üò Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m n{hë`m gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo Ë`m§Mr _mPr n[hbr ôQ> Pmbr. gmYonUm,
Aä`mg - nyU© {Z`moOZ, H$m_mMm CaH$, Ü`mg `m Ë`m§À`m
ì`pŠV_ÎdmVrb JwUm§À`m ào_mV H$Yr nS>bmo Vo _bmhr H$iboM
Zmhr. dmñVwaMZm hm _mPm AmdS>rMm {df` Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zr gd©
{Z`moOZmMrO~m~Xmar_mÂ`mda{Xbr.Ë`m_wioàËòH$gm_wXm{`H$
gmohù`mV _bm gh^mJ KoVm Ambm. {ddmh gmohù`mV n¡em§Mm
hmoUmam MwamS>m `mg `m à`ËZm_wio H$mhr A§er Amim ~gbm.
O¡Z g_mOmVrb {dYdm nwZ©{ddmh `m H«$m§{VH$maH$ {ZU©`mMo lo`
øm§ZmOmVo.OwÝ`mH$mb~møê$T>rdna§namdg_mOmMr_mZ{gH$Vm
~XbÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` Ë`m§À`m dmJÊ`mV d dmUrV {XgVo. {ddmh
nÕVrV gwYmaUm, dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm d Eånm°da_|Q>
Am°$ Jëg© `m àH$ënmÛmao ~Xb pñdH$maÊ`mMr g_mOmMr V`mar
Ë`m§Zr Ho$br. _wbtMr KQ>Umar g§»`m hm Ë`m§À`m qMVZmMm {df`
AgVmo. g§KQ>ZoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ “~oQ>r ~MmAmo Am§XmobZ” gwê$
H$ê$Z `m àíZmda bmoH$OmJ¥Vr MiMi gwê$ Ho$bobr Amho.
g_mOmMo Xm{`Ëd _mZyZ g_mOmÀ`m àJVr H$[aVm PQ>Umam hm

4
ÐîQ>m g_mOgodH$ Amho. YmS>gr {ZU©` d n[apñWVrda ñdma
hmoÊ`mÀ`m JwUm_wioM Ë`m§Zr _oiKmQ> d R>mUo {OëhçmVrb
Am{XdmgtZmnwÊ`mV{ejUmMrg§YrCnbãYH$ê$Z{Xbr.Ë`m§À`m
`m à`ËZm_wio Am{Xdmgr g_mOmVrb AZoH$ `wdH$m§Zm g_mO
~XbÊ`mMo ~i {_imbo Amho. `m_mJo àoaH$ eŠVr AWm©VM
em§Vr^mD§$MrAmho.
AmOÀ`mH$mimVñdIMm©Zog_mOgodmH$aUmaoH$_rAmhoV.Ë`m§À`m
ê$nmZo g_mOmV doJim AmXe© {Z_m©U Pmbobm Amho. ñdV… ~amo~a
BVam§Mm{dMma`m{dMmamMmà^mdË`m§À`mì`pŠV_ÎdmV{XgVmo.
2 Vo 3 df} g_mOgodm Ho$ë`mda _mUgo WH$VmV. na§Vw em§{V^mD$ ho
gmVË`mZo 25 df} EH$M Ü`mgmZo godm H$[aV AmhoV. H$moUË`mhr
àH$maMr VH«$ma d AS>MUr Z _m§S>Vm ZdrZ àíZm§Zm gm_moao OmD$Z
AZoH$ AmìhmhZmË_H$ àH$ën Ë`m§Zr nyU© Ho$bobo Amho. g_mOgodm
H$aVmZmCŠVrdH¥${VVrbA§VadmT>VAgVo.na§VwË`m§ZrHw$Qw>§~mVrb
gd© {ddmh gm_wXm{`H$ gmohù`mV bmdyZ doJim AmXe© {Z_m©U
Ho$bobm Amho. Ë`m§À`m g§nyU© Hw$Qw>§~mV gmYonUm noabobm Amho. VmoM
dmagmnwT>rb{nT>rZohrOnbmAmho.gm¡OÝ`Vm,Z_«Vm,{dZ`erbVm
d gmYonUm `m JwUm§Mr OmonmgZm Ë`m§À`m g§nyU© Hw$Qw>§~mZr Ho$bobr
Amho.d¡^dmZo_mUgogwImdVmVdàg§JrAh§H$mamModmao{^Zë`mZo
~XbVmV. `mbm AndmX em§Vr^mD§$Mo Hw$Qw>§~. I Can nojm we can do
`mda Ë`m§Mm OmñV {dídmg Amho. åhUyZM Vo H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo MmbV§
~mobV§ {dÚmnrR> ~Zbo AmhoV.
nÙ{d^yfU S>m°. Ho$. EM². g§MoVr

5
AZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$m
1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim .....................................9
2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m ............................. 12
3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Ü`o gwYmaUm CnH« _ ..................... 15
4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim g§H$ënZm Am{U `e........ 17
5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm............................. 41
6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©.................................... 62
7. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ H$nëg ................................. 79
8. _wbr§Mr g§»`m KQ>VmZm ................................... 92
9. Am{Xdmgr _wbm§Mm H$m`mnmbQ> ......................... 106
10. ßb°pñQ>H$ gO©arZo COibo Mohao ....................... 118
11. g_mamon ................................................. 126

7
_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV_ZmoJV
`m nwñVH$mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo {ddmh {df`H$
g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r Ho$boë`m ârd H$m`m©Mm n[aM` Pmbm.
EImXr Midi éO{dÊ`mgmR>r em§VrbmbOtZr Ho$bobr EH$hmVr
YS>nS> nmhÿZ, EImXr gm_m{OH$ Midi éO{dÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr
H$ï> H$amdo bmJVmV `mMr OmUrd _bm Pmbr. _mUgmMo H$m_
g_mOmÀ`m {hVmgmR>rMo Agbo nm{hOo, g_mOmÀ`m Vimer
Agboë`m ì`º$sn`ªV H$m_ nmohmoMmdo `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobr
_hmamï´>mMr nX`mÌm Agob, qH$dm g§KQ>Zm ì`º$sgmnoj R>é
Zò, Vr H$_©{Zð> Agmdr `mgmR>r OmUrdnyd©H$ Ho$bobr g§KQ>Zm
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr {ZdS> Agob, `m gJù`m_mJo Agbobr Ë`m§Mr
g_mO{hVmMr R>m_ ^y{_H$m _bm ^mdbr Am{U H$Xm{MV
Ë`m_wioM Vr {b{hUo O_bo Agmdo.
ho nwñVH$ H$am`Mo Ago g§KQ>ZoV}$ R>aë`mda _bm S>m°. lram_
JrV gam§Mm $moZ Ambm. em§VrbbOrÀ`m ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>Zo{df`r EH$ nwñVH$ H$am`Mo Amho. Am{U Vo Vwåhr H$amb
H$m Ag§ Ë`m§Zr _bm {dMmab§. JrV gam§Zr {dMmaë`mda Zmhr
åhUÊ`mMm àýM òV ZìhVm. JrV gam§H$Sy>Z {_imbobr g§Yr
_mÂ`mgmR>r _mobmMr AgUma ho Z¸$s hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr _bm hr g§Yr
{Xbr, _mÂ`mda {dœmg XmIdbm Am{U boIZmgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z
Ho$ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§Mo {deof Am^ma _mZVo. d¥ÎmnÌmV H$m_ H$aVmZm
S>oS>bmBZMo àoea gm§^miyZ H$m_ H$am`Mr gd` Pmbr hmoVr.
boIZmMo Q>mB_Q>o~b gm§JyZ Am{U doimodoir $m°bmoAn KoV, Am{U
bmJob Vr _XV, g§X^©gm{hË` VmVS>rZo XoD$Z ZrVr
gmoë`weÝgÀ`m_H$a§XdmJgH$am§ZrAm{UnamJ_mUH$sH$am§Zr
S>oS>bmBZ gm§^mim`bm _XV Ho$br. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo {deof Am^ma.
Ë`mMà_mUo namJ _mUH$sH$a `m§Mohr Am^ma _mZm`bm hdoV.

8
Ë`mMà_mUo _mÂ`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Zr hr ho H$m_ H$aVmZm _mobmMr
gmW {Xbr Amho. Ë`m§À`m F$UmV amhUoM _bm OmñV AmdS>ob.
gJù`mV _hÎdmMo åhUOo, ñdV… em§VrbmbOtZr Ë`m§À`m ì`ñV
doimnÌH$mVyZ doi H$mTy>Z, boIZmgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo, Ë`m_Ü`o
hì`m Agboë`m g§X^mªMr _m{hVr VËnaVoZo {Xbr, Am{U boIZ
dmMyZ boIZmgmR>rMr C_oXhr dmT>dbr. hr g§Yr XoD$Z _mÂ`mda
Omo {dœmg Ë`m§Zr XmI{dbm Amho Ë`m~Ôb Am^ma _mZmdo {VVHo$
WmoS>oM AmhoV.
- Apñ_Vm {MVio- Apñ_Vm {MVio- Apñ_Vm {MVio- Apñ_Vm {MVio- Apñ_Vm {MVio

9
1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim1. gm_y[hH$ {ddmh gmohim
g_mOgodm H$aUmè`m§À`mV XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV. n{hbm åhUOo
amOH$maUr g_mOgodH$ Am{U Xwgam g_mOmgmR>r ñdV…Mm
H$moUVmhr ñdmW© Zgbobm, $ŠV g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r H$m_
H$aUmam g_mOgodH$. _r g_mOmgmR>r PQ>Vmo, H$m_ H$aVmo
Ago Vo ZwgVoM åhÊmVmV. nU ho gmao _Vm§À`m amOH$maUmgmRrMo
AgVo. {_iUmè`m gËËmogmR>r E»mmÚm {d{eîQ> ^mJmMm {dH$mg
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Vo H$aVmV. _mÂ`m $m`ÚmgmR>r Xwgè`mMm
VmoQ>m Pmbm, Var Mmbob Aer Ë`m§Mr _Zmod¥ËVr AgVo. AJXr
BVHo$go H$mhr Ho$bo Var Ë`mMm S>m§Jmoam {nQ>bm OmVmo. $bH$
bmdbo OmVmV. H$maU eodQ>r JmR> _Vmer AgVo.
Xwgè`m n«H$mam_Ü`o g_mOmVrb gJù`m dJmªZm KoDZ,
IamoIarM Ë`m§À`m {hVmgmR>r H$m_ H$aUmao bmoH$ AgVmV.
AWm©V Ago bmoH$ ñdV…À`m ñdmWm©gmR>r H$YrM H$m_ H$aV
ZmhrV. àg§Jr Am{W©H$, _mZ{gH$ Am{U emar[aH$ H$îQ>
gmogÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr V`mar AgVo Am{U Vo gmogVmVhr. g_mOmbm
Zo_H$s H$moUVr g_ñ`m ämoS>gmdVo Amho. Ë`mMr J§^raVm {H$Vr
Amho ho g_OyZ AmnUhÿZ Ë`m g_ñ`obm Xya H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ

10
H$aVmV. `m Aem bmoH$m§_Üò em§VrbmbOtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
d¡dm{hH$ g_ñ`m§_Üò H$m_ H$aUmar H$moUVrhr g§ñWm Zmhr,
nU `mM joÌmV H$m_mMr Iar JaO Amho ho AmoiIyZ 1984
gmbr em§VrbmbOtZr `m joÌmV H$m_ H$am`Mo R>adbo.
Ë`mZwgma gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohim, dYy-da n[aM` _oimdo,
Am{Xdmgr{dH$mg,H$m¡Qw§{~H$g_wnXoeZ,ñÌr^«yUhË`m,e¡j{UH$
_mJ©Xe©Z, _mo$V ßb°pñQ>H$ gO©ar `m gJù`m {df`m§_Üò
{df`mÀ`m Jmä`mbm hmV KmbyZ H$m_ Ho$bo Amho Am{U AOyZhr
H$arV AmhoV. ho gJioM {df` Amnë`m g^modVrMo AmhoV Am[U
Amnë`mer `m Zm Ë`m àH$mao g§~§{YVhr. nU Amnë`mgmaIm
gm_mÝ` _mUyg `m JmoîQ>tH$S>o $magm J§^ranUo nmhmV Zmhr.
H$maU Vr ÑîQ>r Amnë`mH$S>o Zmhr Am{U g_mOgodm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
bmJUmao ~ihr Zmhr.
BWo EH$ JmoîQ> gm§Jm{der dmQ>Vo, H$s g_mOgodm hm eãX dmQ>Vmo
{VVH$m gmonm ZmhrM. g_mOgodoV ZŠH$s H$moUVm _mJ© nH$S>mdm,
bmoH$m§Zm H$go ~Xbmdo, Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm H$go V`ma H$amdo ho
gm§JUmam H$moUVmhr H°«$e H$mog© {ZXmZ _mÂ`m _m{hVrV Var
Zmhr. nU g_mOgodm H$am`Mr Agob, Va `m gd©gm_mÝ`m§Zm
Amnbo åhUUo nQ>dyZ XoUo {VVHo$M _hËËdmMo AgVo.
{VWo bmoH$m§À`m na§nam, ê$Tr,Ym{_©H$ JmoîQ>tMm g§~§Y òVmo, {VWo
hr g_mO{hVmMr H$m_o H$aUo A{YH$ H$R>rU AgVo. AZoH$
àH$maÀ`m Am{U {d{dY JmoîQ>tMm g§~§Y òVmo, AZoH$ àH$maÀ`m
Am{U {d{dY ñd^mdmÀ`m _mÊmgm§Zm gm§^miyZ ¿`mdo bmJVo. `m
joÌmV gwédmVrbm Q>rH$m hmoUo hm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ AgVmo.
H$moUË`mhr H$m`m©bm nwT>o ZoVmZm, hmoUmè`m {damoYmbm gm_moao Omdo
bmJVo. {H$ËòH$Xm hVme hmoDZ H$m_ Wm§~dmdo Aer n[apñWVr
{Z_m©U hmoVo. nU `m gJù`m n[apñWVrVyZ bT>mB© {O§H$m`Mr
AgVo.

11
em§VrbmbOtZmhr ho gJio AZw^d Ambo. Ago AgyZhr
em§VrbmbOr Jobr n§Mdrg df} g_mOgodoMo IS>Va dmU {ZîR>oZo
{Z^mdV AmhoV. em§VrbmbOtZr g_mO{hVmgmR>r H$am`À`m
R>adboë`m àË`oH$ H$m_mcm H$go nwT>o Zobo>, Ë`m_mJo H$moUVo {dMma
hmoVo, gd©gm_mÝ`m§Zm ~amo~a KoD Z OmV, Ë`m§Zm g_OmdyZ gm§JV
Midi ê$OdÊ`mgmR>r Zo_Ho$ H$m` Ho$bo, Ë`mgmR>r
gm_mÝ`OZm§Mo ~i H$go {_idbo Vo nmhUo a§OH$ R>aVo.

12
2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m2. {ddmh gmohim n¡em§Mm MwamS>m
b½Z åhUOo àËòH$mÀ`m Am`wî`mVbm _hËËdmMm {ZU©` AgVmo.
_mUgmMog§nyU©OrdZ`mKQ>ZodaAmYmaboboAmho.b½ZåhUOo
Ho$di EH$ g_ma§^, _moR>r OodUmdi Am{U g_ma§^mV {_a{dUo
Zìho, Va {ddmh åhUOo XmoZ Ordm§Mo _Zmo{_bZ AgVo.
{ddmhmÀ`m `m Q>ßß`mda XmoZ doJù`m ì`ŠVr EH$Ì òD Z
OJÊ`mMm Zdm _mJ© gwê$ H$aVmV. Ë`m§Zm ñdV§Ì AmoiI {_iVo.
AmB© dSr>b Amnmnë`m narZo _wbrgmR>r gw`mo½` _wbJm Am{U
`mo½` _wbmbm gmOoer dYy emoYÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV AgVmV.
_wbrMo b½Z H$aÊ`mMr H$miOr àËòH$ AmB© dS>rbm§Zm dmQ>V
AgVo. H$maU Amnbr b½Z g§ñWm h§þS>m, _mZnmZmÀ`m AmdVm©V
Jwa$abobr Amho. b½ZmgmR>r hmoUmam IM© A$mQ> AgVmo.
Am_À`m _wbmbm JmS>r hdr, _mZnmZ hdo, b½Z Vwåhr H$ê$Z
Úm`Mo, Ë`m{ímdm` _wbrÀ`m A§Jmda A_wH$ Vmoio Xm{JZo hdoV
Am{U ê$IdVhr hdoM.. da njmMr `mXr g§nV Zmhr Am{U
_wbrÀ`m nmbH$m§À`m S>moŠ`mda IMm©Mo AmoPo nS>Vo. nU g_mOmV
`m JmoîQ>r Mmbmd`mÀ`mM Ago dmVmdaU hmoVo. _wbrÀ`m

13
gwImgmR>r gmao H$mhr _mÝ` Ho$bo Om`Mo. n`m©`mZo _wbrMo b½Z
åhUOo ~mnmbm H$Om©À`m ImB©V bmoQ>Umam H$m`©H«$_ R>aV hmoVm.
Ë`m{edm` `m _moR>çm b½Zm§_Üò AÞmMr ZmgmS>r ìhm`Mr. AÞ
Q>mHy$Z Úmdo bmJV Ago Vo doJioM. ImoQ>`m à{VîR>onm`r AZoH$
Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr dmVmhV hmoV hmoVr.
Zo_H$s hrM JmoîQ> em§VrbmbOtZm IQ>H$V hmoVr. VéU d`mVM
Zìho, Va AJXr bhmZ d`m_Üòhr. Pmbo hmoVo Ago, H$s bhmZ
AgVmZm em§VrbmbOr O¡Z ~mo{S>ªJ_Üò amhV hmoVo. ~mo{S>ªJ_Yrb
_wbm§Zm O¡Z b½Zm§_Üò dmT>nr åhUyZ Zob¨ OmV Ago. {VWo
Mmbbobr CYinÅr AñdñW H$ê$Z OmV Ago, nwT>o nwÊ`m_Üò
Amë`mda nwÊ`mVrb ^ì` {ddmh gmohio Ë`m§Zr nm{hbo. {VÏmbm
dmao_mn IM© nm{hbm. hm gJim IM© H$_r H$gm H$aVm òB©b,
Ë`mgmR>r H$mhrVar Cnm` emoYbm nm{hOo `m Am§V[aH$ D_uZo
em§VrbmbOr§Zr H$Om©À`m ImB©V bmoQ>Umè`m {ddmhnÜXVrMm
gImob Aä`mg H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. `m IMm©Mr H$maUo
H$m`, Vmo H$_r H$gm H$aVm òB©b `m JmoîQ>tH$S>o ~maH$mB©Zo nmhUo
gwê$ Pmbo. Ë`mVyZ bjmV Amboë`m d¡dm{hH$ g_ñ`m§Mo g§nyU©
{ddoMZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r em§VrbmbOr Jobr AZoH$ df} gmVË`mZo
à`ËZerb AmhoV. bmoH$m§Mo àíZ Zo_Ho H$m` AmhoV, Vo
gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo nm{hOo ho Ë`m§Zm bmoH$m§er Agboë`m
OdiÀ`m g§nH$m©Zo g_OyZ òV Jobo.
gImob Aä`mgmVyZ Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo H$s, _wbrMo dS>rb
qH$dm _wbmMo dSr>b XmoKm§Zmhr dmQ>V AgVo, H$s _mÂ`m _wbmMo
qH$dm _wbrMo b½Z WmQ>mVM Pmbo nm{hOo. _mÂ`mH$S>o n¡gm Amho
Am{U à{VîR>mhr Amho. _J _mÂ`m à{VîR>obm gmOogm {ddmh
gmohim Pmbm nm[hOo. _mPm _wbJm S>m°ŠQa Amho, qH$dm BVa
CÀM{ejUmMr nXdr KoVbobm Amho. Ë`mÀ`m pímúmUmgmR>r

14
Am_Mm Omo IM© Pmbm Amho, Vmo h§þSçmÀ`m ê$nmV dgyb Pmbm
nm{hOo. CXm. _mPm _wbJm B§{OZrAa Amho, Ë`mbm nmM bmI
ê$n`m§Mm hþ§S>m {_imbmM nm{hOo. _wbmÀ`m {ejUmgmR>r IM©
Ho$bobm n¡gm ì`dhmarnUo b½ZmÀ`m doir naV dgyb H$ê$Z
KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm OmVmo. {edm` b½Z CËV_ H$am`Mm Vwåhr
Aer ào_i gyMZmhr {Xbobr AgVo. `m {df`mda ^mî` H$aVmZm
em§VrbmbOr åhUVmV, Amnë`m _wbmbm CÀM{ejU XoD eH$Vmo
qH$dm _wbo {eH$VmV. EH$sH$S>o ~oH$marMm àíZ Am dmgyZ C^m
Amho. _wbJm S>m°ŠQ>a {H$§dm B§{OZrAa Pmbm, Var Ë`mbm ñdV…Mm
ì`dgm` H$aÊ`mgmR>r ^m§S>db C^o H$aUo H$R>rU hmoVo. ZmoH$ar
nQ>H$Z {_iV Zmhr. hr dñVwpñWVr Amho. {ejUmgmR>r Pmbobm
IM© _wbmÀ`m b½ZmÀ`m doir h§þSçmÀ`m ñdê$nmVyZ naV
{_idÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm OmVmo. _mUgm§Mm hm ì`dhmarnUm
Hw$Q>w§~ ì`dñWobm AS>MUrV AmUUmam R>aVmo. Xwgar _hËËdmMr
JmoîQ> Aer H$s b½ZmV dmao_mn IM© H$aUmao nmM Q>ŠHo$M bmoH$
AmhoV. Caboë`m§H$S>o IM© H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm $maM H$_r Amho.
Ë`m{edm` b½Z R>adVmZm `oUmè`m AS>MUrhr Ë`m§À`m bjmV
Amë`m.

15
3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Üò gwYmaUm CnH« _3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Üò gwYmaUm CnH« _3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Üò gwYmaUm CnH« _3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Üò gwYmaUm CnH« _3. {ddmh nÜXVt_Üò gwYmaUm CnH« _
{ddmh gmohù`mVrb IM© H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r, {ddmh nÜXVr
A{YH$ gwb^ hmoÊ`mgmR>r VéU d`mVM em§VrbmbOr§Zr à`ËZ
ñmwê$ Ho$bo hmoVo. gwédmVrbm {ddmh gmohù`mVrb IM© H$_r
H$aÊ`mgmR>r gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV em§VrbmbOr§Zr nwÊ`m_Üò
O¡Z gmYZm gXZ `m g§KQ>ZoMr ñWmnZm Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m
g_{dMmar bmoH$m§er `m g§KQ>Zo_Üò MMm© hmoV AgV. Ë`mdoir
Ë`m§Zr b½ZmV A_mn IM© H$aÊ`m§da ~{hîH$ma Q>mH$mdm, _moMm©
ZoDZ {ZfoY H$amdm Ago R>adbo hmoVo.
Ë`mdoir nwÊ`m_Üò Pmboë`m H$mhr _moRçm b½Zm§Mr _m{hVr
{_iVmM,Ë`m§Zr{ZfoYnÌonmR>dbrhr.Ë`mnÌm§_Üò`mamOoemhr
b½Zm§_wio g_mOmda H$moUVm Am{U H$gm Xwîn[aUm_ hmoVmo Amho
Vo {b{hbo hmoVo. Á`m§Zm hr nÌ nmR>dbr Jobr, Ë`m_Üò H$mhr
nwT>mar _§S>irhr hmoVr. nU `m nÌm§Mm $magm Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr.
H$moUrhr g_mO_mÝ` ê$T>tÀ`m {damoYr Om`bm amOr ZìhVo.
nwT>mar bmoH$m§Zm g_mO{hVmnojm BVa JmoîQ>r OmñV _hËËdmÀ`m
{XgV hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio nÌ _mo{h_oMm $magm Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr.

16
n{hë`m H$Qy> AnèmZo Ë`m§Zr 1978 gmbr R>adbo, H$s `mnwT>o
ñdV…À`m nm`mda Cô am{hë`m{ímdm` H$moUË`mhr gm_m{OH$
H$m`m©bm hmV Kmbm`Mm Zmhr. BVHo$M Zmhr H$moUË`mhr
gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`m©bm OmUohr Ë`m§Zr ~§X Ho$bo hmoVo.
1984 À`m gw_mamg g_mOH$m`m©bm nwÝhm gwédmV H$aVmZm
{ddmh g_ñ`m§Mm {dMma Ë`m§Zr àmYmÝ`m§Zr Ho$bm. Ë`m g_ñ`m§Mo
{ZamH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwÝhm EH$Xm Aä`mgmbm gwédmV Ho$br.
Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm g_OyZ Ambo, {ddmh g_ñ`m§{df`r AOyZhr
H$moUr $mago [h[aarZo H$m_ H$arV ZmhrV. VWm{n {ddmh `m
JmoîQ>rer g_mOmVrb àËòH$ ì`ŠVr {ZJS>rV Amho. `m joÌmV
_mJ©Xe©ZmMr {ZVm§V Amdí`H$Vm Amho, Ago Ë`m§À`m bjmV
Ambo. Ë`mZ§Va em§VrbmbOr§Zr `m joÌmV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©`
KoVbm. H$m_ H$am`Mo Ago R>adë`mda Ë`m§Zr H$m_mbm gwédmV
H$er H$am`Mr, H$m_ H$go Am{U H$moUË`m nÜXVrZo H$am`Mo
`mMm {dMma gwê$ Ho$bm. AZoH$m§er {dMma{d{Z_` gwê$ Pmbm.
gJioM bmoH$ H$mhr àmoËgmhZ XoUmao ZgVmV. AZoH$m§Zr
em§VrbmbOtZm H$m_mnmgyZ namd¥ËV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm.
nU `m H$moUË`mhr JmoîQ>t_wio Ë`m§Zr Amnbm {ZU©` ~Xbbm
Zmhr.

17
4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim4. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim
g§H$ënZm Am{U èg§H$ënZm Am{U èg§H$ënZm Am{U èg§H$ënZm Am{U èg§H$ënZm Am{U è
{ddmhm§_Üò hmoUmam IM© H$_r H$am`Mm Agoc, Va Ë`mgmR>r
H$moUVo R>mog Cnm` H$aVm òVrb `m ÑîQ>rZo Ë`m§Zr {dMma gwê$
Ho$bm. g_mOH$m`© gwê$ H$am`Mo, {ddmh g_ñ`m§_Üò H$m`©aV
ìhm`MoAgoZwgVoåhUyZH$m_hmoVZgVo.Ë`mgmR>rH$m`©H«$_m§Mr
AmIUr H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. H$moUË`m H$m_mbm àmYmÝ` Úm`Mo
`mMm {dMma Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bm. b½ZmMm IM© H$_r H$gm hmoB©b
`mda A{YH$ {dMma H$am`bm gwédmV P&br `m
{dMma_¨WZm_YÿZM Ë`m§Zm gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mMr
H$ënZm gwMbr. H$_r IMmªV hmoUmè`m {ddmhmbm g_mO_mÝ`Vm
{_imbr, Va {ddmhmVrb IM© H$_r hmoD eH$Vmo. Voìhm
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmgmR>r bmoH$m¨Zm amOr H$ê$ eH$bmo, Va IM©
{ZpíMV AmQ>moŠ`mV òUma hmoVm. _J Ë`mgmR>r Zo_Ho$ H$m`
Ho$bo nm{hOo `mMm nmR>nwamdm H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mJ© emoYm`bm
gwédmV Pmbr. gd©àW_ `wdH$m§Mr EH$ g§KQ>Zm V`ma H$amdr
Am{U `m g§KQ>ZoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ gm_y{hH {ddmh KS>dyZ

18
AmUmdoV,Ë`m{edm` b½Zm§_Üò â_gmR> »mM© H$aUmè`m
{ddmhgmohù`m§~mhoa{ZXe©ZoH$amdrVAgm{dMmaË`m§À`m_ZmV
Ambm. nU Ë`mM doir AmYr Ho$boë`m {ZXe©Zm§Mm Cn`moJ Pmbm
ZìhVm hohr Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo. _moMm© qH$dm {ZXe©Zo, {ZfoY
`m JmoîQ>tMm $magm Cn`moJ hmoUma Zmhr. H$maU ZdrZ
g§KQ>Zo_ÜòVi_irZoH$m_H$aÊ`mgmR>rCËgwH$ghH$marË`m§Zm
{_imboM ZmhrV. Vo emoYyZ _J g§KQ>Zm V`ma H$aÊ`mV OmñV
doi Jobm AgVm. nU AmVm H$m_ gwê$ H$aoZ, Ago _Zmer R>adyZ
Ë`m§Zr ñdV…M à`ËZ ñmwê$ H$am`Mo R>adbo. gmVË`mZo H$m_
Ho$bo, H$s Vo AmnmoAmn bmoH$m§Zm H$iob, àm_m{UH$ à`ËZm§Zm
AmO Zm CÚm ZŠH$s è òB©b Aer Ë`m§Zm ImÌrM hmoVr. nwT>o
H$go Om`Mo Vmo _mJ© {ZpíMV Pmë`mda dmQ>Mmb gmonr
Pmë`mgmaIr Pmbr. `m{df`r em§VrbmbOr åhUVmV, EImXo
R>mog H$m_ AmnU gmVË`mZo Am{U ârdnUo H$ê$ bmJbmo, Va
Ë`mMm g_mOmda {Z{íMV Mm§Jbm n[aUm_ hmoVmo.
{ddmhmVrb IM© H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmMm n`m©`
OmñV n[aUm_H$maH$ Agë`mMr ImÌr Pmë`mZo em§VrbmbOr§Zr
Ë`mMr Am»mUr H$er H$aVm òB©b `mMm {dMma gwê$ Ho$bm.
b½ZmMm IM© hm àíZ $ŠV O¡Z Y_m©nwaVmM _`m©{XV ÝmìhVm.
hm àíZ H$_r A{YH$ à_mUmV gd©M Y_m©§_Üò Am dmgyZ C^m
hmoVm. hr JmoîQ> bjmV KoDZ gd© Y_mªMo gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohio
Am`mo{OV Ho$bo nm{hOoV Agm {dMma Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mg_moa Ambm.
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim ìhmdm åhUyZ {d{dY bmoH$m§Zm
ôQ>Ê`mg gwédmV Ho$br. gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmMr Amdí`H$Vm H$m`
Amho, Ë`mMo $m`Xo H$moUVo, VmoQ>o H$m` AmhoV, na§namJV {ddmh
nÜXVrV Am{U gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhm§_Üò H$m` $aH$ Amho `m
{df`m§Mr Vo bmoH$m§er MMm© H$ê$ bmJbo.

19
`m {ddmhm§_Üò Zm|XUr H$aÊ`mg H$moUrM nwT>o òB©Zm. gd©
Y_mªÀ`m gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`m_Üò Zm|XUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r
bmoH$m§Mr A{O~mV V`mar ZìhVr. AÏmH$ à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr Zm|XUr
hmoV ZìhVr. EImXr A{^Zd nU g_mO{hVmMr g§H$ënZm
ê$OdÊ`mgmR>r AWH$ Am{U H$R>moa n[al_m§Mr {H$Vr JaO
AgVo Vo em§VrbmbOr§Zm g_OyZ Ambo. EImÚm JmoîQ>rV è
{_iV Zmhr åhUOo A{YH$ à`ËZm§Mr JaO Amho Am{U Vo
ñdrH$maboM nm{hOo `m {Z`_mZwgma em§VrbmbOr§Zr à`ËZ ñmwê$
R>odbo.
AZoH$m§Zm ôQ>ë`mda, MMm© Ho$ë`mda H$mhr _§S>ir åhUmbr,
Vwåhr O¡Z bmoH$M b½Zm§_Üò AdmOdr »mM© H$aVm, Voìhm àW_
Vw_À`m g_mOmnmgyZ gwédmV H$am. _J Am_À`m g_mOmMm
{dMma H$am. `m _§S>ir§Mo åhÊmUo MwH$sMo ZìhVo. `m gmohù`mMr
gwédmV Amnë`mM g_mOmnmgyZ H$amdr Agm {dMma nŠH$m
Pmbm. H$maU, EH$Xm H$m Amnë`m g_mOmZo hr nÜXV
ñdrH$mabr, H$s Q>ßß`m Q>ßß`mZo ~mH$sMohr gm_yXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohim ñdrH$maVrb Agm hoVy Ë`m_mJo hmoVm. EH$Xm O¡Z
g_mOmnmgyZ gwédmV H$am`Mr hm {dMma nŠH$m Pmë`mda
em§VrbmbOr§Zr ho H$m_ H$moUË`m nÜXVrZo Ý`mdo `mMr MmMnUr
gwê$ Ho$br.
ho H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImXr g§KQ>Zm C^r H$amdr, Va g§nyU©
doi XoDZ VZ _Z ÜmZ XoDZ H$m_ H$aUmao H$m`©H$V} hdoV. nU
Vgo H$m`©H$V} {_iUo H$R>rU hmoVo. _J EImÚm A{ñVËdmV
Agboë`m g§¿mQ>ZoMm AmYma KoV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMm {dMma nwT>o
Ambm. nU O¡Z Y_m©Vrb H$mhr g§KQ>Zm Ym{_©H$ ~m~t_Üò H$m_
H$aUmè`m AmhoV. H$mhr g§ñWm gm_m{OH$ {dîm`m§_Üòhr H$m_
H$aVmV, nU Ë`mn¡H$r H$moUVrhr g§KQ>Zm {ddmh {dîm`H$

20
g_ñ`m§_ÜòH$m_H$aVZmhr.Ë`m_wiogm_wXm{`H${ddmhgmohim
hr g§H$ënZm d¡`{ŠVH$ nmVirda am~{dÊ`mMm {ZU©`
em§VrbmbOr§Zr KoVbm Am{U Ë`mZwgma dmQ>Mmb nwÝhm gwê$ Ho$br.
nwÊ`m_Üò O¡Z g_mOmMr {H$Vr Am{U H$moUmMr b½Z R>abr
AmhoV `mMr _m{hVr KoUo gwê$ Pmbo.
b½ZmMr _wbo-_wbr Á`§mÀ`m Kar AmhoV Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmDZ
~mobm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. $ŠV nwUoM Zìho, Va ~rS>, Ywio,
Cñ_mZm~mX, ZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX, Zm{eH$ `m gJù`m
{Oëhçm§_Yohrem§VrbmbOr§Zr{$aUogwê$Ho$bodmQ>odabmJÊmmè`m
n«ËòH$ Jmdm§_Üò gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$V} H$moU AmhoV `mMr _m{hVr
Ë`m§Zr KoVbr. em§VrbmbOr Ë`m§Zm O¡Z g_mOmgmR>r gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh gmohù`mMo Am`moOZ Amåhr H$aV AmhmoV, Vw_À`m JmdmV
ZŠH$s Pmbobr b½Z Amåhmbm gm§Jmb H$m Ago {dMmaV AgV.
gw_mao df©âmMr nX²^«_§Vr H$ê$Zhr Ano{jV è òV ZìhVo.
dV©_mZnÌm§_Üò Om{hamVr {Xë`m hmoË`m, Ë`m§Zmhr XwX£dmZo
H$moUVmhr à{VgmX Ambm Zmhr. `m H$mimV bmoH$m§Zr H$m`m©bm
nmqR>~m Úm`À`m EodOr Ë`§mZm _mJo IoMÊmmè`m à{V[H«$`mM
EoH$m`bm {_imë`m.
H$mhr bmoH$m§Zr AJXr CKS>nUo em§VrbmbOroZm gm§{JVbo, H$s
AmYr Vw_À`m Kar hmoUmao {ddmh gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mV
H$am. _JM Amåhmbm CnXoe Úm. Á`m§Zm EH$mnojm A{YH$ _wbr
hmoË`m, Vo åhUmbo, H$s n{hë`m _wbrMo b½Z gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`mV Ho$bo Va ~mH$sÀ`m§Mr b½ZM hmoUma ZmhrV. Voìhm
Amåhr _wbm-_wbtMr b½Zo bmdyZ XoÊ`mg g_Ïm© AmhmoV.
H$mhtÀ`m _Vo gm_y{hH$ {ddmh§m_Üò b½Z H$aUo ho J[a~rMo
bjU Amho. Á`m§À`mH$S>o n¡gm Zmhr Aem§da CnH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r
lr_§V bmoH$m§Zr hm gm_y{hH$ {ddmh Am`moObm Amho. g_mOm_Üò

21
amhÊmmam AJXr Jar~ _mUyghr Am{W©H$X¥îQ²>`m g§H$Q>mV Agbm,
Var à{VîR>m {Q>Hy$Z amhmdr `mgmR>r {ddmhmbm V`ma hmoV ZìhVm.
gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`mg§~§YrV Agboë`m bmoH$m§À`m H$ënZm
_moSy>Z H$mT>Uo Iyn H$R>rU hmoVo.
AJXr `m g§H$ënZoMm nwZ{d©Mma H$aÊ`mMr doi òVo H$s H$m`
Agohr em§VrbmbOtZm dmQ>yZ Jobo. _J Ë`m§Zr `m nyduMo gm_y{hH$
{ddmh H$Yr Am{U H$moUmMo Pmbo AmhoV `mMr _m{hVr emoYbr.
Ë`m_Üò bmoH$m§À`m_Üò Oo g_O ê$Obo AmhoV, Ë`mMr _wio
gmnS>br. `m AmYr Pmboë`m gd© {ddmhm§_Üò gm_rb Pmbobo
gd© bmoH$ Jar~ hmoVo. Ë`m_wio gm_y{hH$ {ddmhm§Zm H$mir_m
bmJbobm hmoVm. `m gJù`m JmoîQ>r hiyhiy bjmV òV Joë`m.
nÊm em§VrbmbOr§Zr AJXr {ZYm©a Ho$bm, {H$Vrhr {damoY Pmbm,
An_mZ Pmbm {H$Vrhr à`ËZ H$amdo bmJbo Var Mmbob, nU
gm_y{hH$ {ddmh H$am`MoM. Ë`m§À`m _ZmV bmoH$ Vwåhr ñdV…À`m
¿mamnmgyZ gwédmV H$am Ago åhUVmV, Ë`mV ImoQ>o H$mhrM Zmhr.
_Jem§VrbmbOr§ZrAmnë`mHw$Qw>§~mVrb_wbrMob½Zgm_wXm{`H$
{ddmhm_Üò H$am`Mo Ago R>adbo. _J gwê$ Pmbr dag§emoYZmMr
_mohr_. g§nyU© _hmamîQ—â Ë`m§Zr _wb§mgmR>r emoYmemoY Ho$ë`mda,
_J Zm{eH$_Ümbm EH$ _wbJm ng§V nS>bm.
Am_Mr gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmMr AQ> _wbmH$S>À`m§À`m H$mZmda
KmVbr Jobr. `m {ddmhmgmo~V AmUIr Mma {ddmh hmoVrb. `m
JmoîQ>r _mÝ` AgVrb, Va b½Z ZŠH$r hmoB©b Aer AQ>M
em§VrbmbOtZr KmVbr. _wbmÀ`m nmbH$m§Zr `m JmoîQ>rbm g§_Vr
{Xbr. nU Ë`m§Zr EH$ amñV e§H$m CnpñWV Ho$br. Vwåhr
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim H$am`Mm åhUVm, nU AmO {ddmh
R>abm Amho. Vmo {H$Vr {Xdgm§_Üò H$am`Mm, hohr R>adbo nm{hOo.
{H$Vr _{hZo Ïmm§~m`Mo Ë`mbmhr H$mhr _`m©Xm Agbr nm{hOo.

22
ì`mhr _§S>itMm àíZ AJXr `mo½` hmoVm. em§VrbmbOr§Zr ghm
Vo AmR> AmR>dS>çm§Mr _wXV _mJyZ KoVbr.
b½Z gm_y{hH$ {ddmhm_Üò hmoÊmma `m AQ>rda gmIanwS>m Pmbm.
em§VrbmbOr nwÝhm EH$Xm _hmamîQ>—â b½Z OwidÊ`mÀ`m
IQ>nQ>rbm bmJbo. _mÂ`m nwVUrMo b½Z `m gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`m§_Üò hmoUma Amho Ago gm§Jm`bm Ë`m§Zr gwédmV Ho$br.
O_bobr b½Zo gm_wXm{`H$ gmohù`mV hmoUo H$R>rU hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
em§VrbmbOr§Zr b½Zo O_dm`bm gwédmV Ho$br.
Ë`mgmR>r Cnda _wbm-_wbrgmR>r ñWio XmIdUo, ñWim§Mr
_m{hVrXoUo`mJmoîQ>rH$am`bmË`m§ZrgwédmVHo$br.em§VrbmbOr
ñdV…À`m nwVUrMo b½Z gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mV H$aUma
Agë`mMo EoHy$Z Am{U Amåhr b½Z OwidÊ`mg hmVämma bmdV
Agë`mZo bmoH$m§Mm gh^mJ dmTy> bmJbm. b½Z Va O_dyZ KoD$
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmMo Z§Va ~KVm òB©b Aem {dMmam§Mo H$mhr
bmoH$hr `mV hmoVo. b½Z OwidÊ`mÀ`m IQ>nQ>rbm è òDZ
H$mhr b½Z O_brhr, nU Ë`m bmooH$m§Zr gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`mV b½Z H$am`bm _mÝ`Vm {Xbr Zmhr. Aem doir
em§VrbmbOr§Zm WmoS>o dmB©Q> dmQ>V Ago.
nU H$_rV H$_r EH$m _wbmMo-_wbrMo b½Z O_bo ho g_mÜmmZ
Ë`m§Zm nwT>À`m dmQ>Mmbtbm Yra XoV Ago. H$mhr OU gwédmVrbm
{ddmhmbm V`ma AgV, nU Z§Va _mJo òV. H$Yr KamVrb pñÌ`m
ghH$m`© H$aV ZgV, Va H$mhrdoim IwÔ dYy da Amåhmbm
gm_y{hH$ gmohim ZH$mo Ago gm§JyZ Zmd H$_r H$aV.Mma AmR>
{Xdgm§_ÜòEH$ZmdOmñV,VaEH$H$_rAerA{ñWan[a{ñWVr
hmoVr. AmR> {Xdgm§Zr _J em§VrbmbOr§À`m à`ËZm§Zm è {_imbo
Am{U AmU»mr Mma {ddmh ZŠH$r Pmbo. nU BWo AmUIr EH$
YŠH$m em§VrbmbOr§Zm ghZ H$amdm bmJbm.

23
em§VrbmbOr§À`m ì`møm§§Zr Amåhmbm doJio b½Z H$ê$Z hdo Amho
Aer _mJUr Ho$br. H$maU em§VrbmbOr IaoM gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
KS>dyZ AmUVrb Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>boM ZìhVo. nU Vr JmoîQ>
àË`jmV hmoUma Agë`mMo nmhÿZ _mÌ Ë`m§Zr _mKma KoVbr
hmoVr. `m gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmda Ë`§mÀ`m g§nyU© MidirMo
^{dVì` Adb§~yZ hmoVo. nwVUrMo b½Z _r gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmV
H$aoZ Ago AmídmgZ Ë`m§Zr g_mOmbm {Xbo hmoVo.
nwVUrMo b½Z R>ê$Z gmV AmR> _{hZo hmoD$Z Jobobo, Ë`mV
gmIanwS>mhr Pmbobm. b½Z _moS>Ê`mEodOr doJio b½Z H$ê$Z
Úmdo Ago gJù`mM ZmVodmB©H$m§Zr gm§Jm`bm gwédmV Ho$br.
_wbJm, Ë`mMo KaXma dmB©Q> Zmhr, BVŠ`mem H$maÊmmZo b½Z
_moSy> ZH$mog AgmM gëbm gJio XoD bmJbo. em§VrbmbOr§À`m
g_moa _moR>m àíZ C^m amhrbm. nwVUrMo b½Z H$ê$Z {Xbo AgVo,
Va Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bobr gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmMr Midi {VWoM
Wm§~br AgVr. em§VrbmbOr§À`m _ZmV {dMma o$a Yê$Z
ZmMm`bm bmJbo. KaMo H$moUrhr Ë`m§À`m _Vmer gh_V
hmoB©ZmV. Ago AgVmZr Ë`m§Zr {ZYm©a Ho$bm, gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmhmMrMiMi,g_mOH$m`m©MoC{ÔîQ>`eñdrH$am`MoAgob,
Va AmVm _mJo {$am`Mo Zmhr.
em§VrbmbOr§Zr nwVUrMo b½Z _moS>m`Mo R>adbo Am{U Vgo
ì`møm§§Zm H$idbohr. nwÝhm nwVUrgmR>r da g§emoYZ _mohr_ hmVr
KoVbr. AZoH$ ñWio nm{hbr; Ë`mZ§Va nwÊ`mVrb EH$m _wbmer
nwVUrMo b½Z R>abo. Ë`m ì`mø§Zm gm_wXm{hH$ {ddmhmMr AQ>
_mÝ` hmoVr. _mJÀ`m doir AmYrMo R>abobo Mma Am{U nwVUrMo
Ago {_iyZ nmM {ddmh EH$Ì hmoUma hmoVo. nU AmVm
em§VrbmbOr§Zr n§Mdrg {ddmhm§Mo C[ÔîQ> R>adbo. Vgo Zì`m
ì`møm§Zm H$mZmdahr KmVbo. Ë`m§Zm H$moUVrhr AS>MU ZìhVr.

24
n§Mdrg {ddmh Raon`©V Wm§~m`Mr Ë`m§Mr V`mar hmoVr _J
em§VrbmbOr doJmZo H$m_mbm bmJbo.
nydu Á`m§Mo {ddmh R>aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo hmoVo, Á`m§Mo {ddmh
R>aV Ambo hmoVo Ë`m§À`mer Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm g§nH©$ H$am`bm gwédmV
Ho$br. Ë`m§Mm nmR>nwamdm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr b½Z H$er R>aVrb `mH$S>o
Ë`m§Zr bj {Xbo.
Á`m OmoS>ß`m§Zm gm_y{hH$ {ddmhm_Üò b½Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r
g_OmdUo gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`mVrb H$mhr OmoS>nr gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmhm§gmR>r V`ma hmoD bmJbr. n§Mdrg OmoS>ß`m§Mr Zm|XUr
Pmë`mda gaVo eodQ>r 25 _o 1986 hr VmarI gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmhmgmR>r ZŠH$s H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
{ddmh R>adUo, gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m
H$mimV H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr $ir Ë`m§À`mgmo~V V`ma hmoD bmJbr
hmoVr. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim èñdr hmoÊ`mgmR>r `m gJù`m
H$m`©H$Ë`m§©gmo~V {Z`moOZ H$aUo gwê$ Pmbo.
{ddmhmMm IM© H$_r ìhmdm `m~amo~aM `m {ddmh gmohù`mV
Jar~ Am{U lr_§Vm§Mr b½Z EH$Ì ìhmdrV hohr EH$ C{X²XîQ>
hmoVo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo {Z`moOZ Mm§JboM hmoUma Ago AmídmgZ
ímm§VrbmbOtZr bmoH$m§Zm {Xbo. H$maU CËV_ {Z`moOZm_wio hm
gmohim $ŠV J[a~m§MmM AgVmo hm J¡ag_O Xya hmoUma hmoVm.
ímm§VrbmbOtÀ`m gH$miZJa `m àmoOoŠQ>Mo ~m§YH$m_ Ë`mdoir
Mmby hmoVo. Ë`mVrb gw_mao 50 âb°Q> J«mhH$m§Zm Vm~m XoÊ`mgmR>r
V`ma hmoVo. `mM âb°Q>Mm Vm~m J«mhH$m§Zm XoÊ`mnydu dYy dam§gmR>r
{Zdmg `moOZm åhUyZ amIyZ R>odÊ`mMo R>abo.
`m {ddmhm_Üò XmoÝhr doiMo OodU, Mhm, ZmíVmnmUr `mMr
MmoIì`dñWmAgob,H$moUmÀ`mhrZmVodmB©H$m§MrJ¡agmo`hmoUma
Zmhr, Am_Mo H$m`©H$V} ñdV…À`m KaÀ`m H$m`m©gmaIoM BWohr

25
H$m_mbm VËna AgVrb Aer ImÌrhr ímm§VrbmbOtZr bmoH$m§Zm
{Xbr hmoVr. `m gmohù`mbm A_wH$ BVŠ`m bmoH$m§ZrM `mdo Ago
~§YZhr KmVbo Jobo ZìhVo. Ym{_©H$ {dYtgmR>rÀ`m JmoîQ>r, ~«m÷U,
OodUmMr ^m§S>r, gm_mZ, JmÚm, gVa§Á`m EH$ Zm XmoZ JmoîQ>r.
ímm§VrbmbOtZr AJXr KaÀ`m b½ZmgmaIr XmoZ _{hZo AmYr
V`mar gwê$ Ho$br hmoVr.
b½ZmÀ`m {R>H$mUr dYydam§gmR>r ñQ>oO C^maÊ`mV Ambo. EH$
gm_y{hH$ n{ÌH$m N>mnÊ`mV Ambr Am{U g§nyU© _hmamîQ>´mVrb
O¡Z g_mOmÀ`m g§KQ>Zm Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambr.
`m gJù`m_mJo ímm§VrbmbOtMm OmñVrV OmñV bmoH$m§Zr hm
CnH«$_ nmhmdm, `m {ddmh gmohù`mbm à{VîR>m {_imdr Am{U
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh g§nyU© _hmamîQ>´â ìhmdoV hm EH$_od hoVy
hmoVm. H$moUVo H$m_ H$moUr H$am`Mo, H$Yr H$am`Mo AmIUr Ho$br
hmoVr. Ë`m{edm` Zo_yZ {Xbobo H$m_M àËòH$mZo H$am`Mo Agm
{Z`_ ímm§VrbmbOtZr KmbyZ {Xbm. `m CËV_ {Z`moOZm_wio
àË`j b½ZmÀ`m {Xder H$moUVrhr AS>MU Ambr Zmhr. JS>~S>,
Jm|Yimbm A{O~mV Wmam ZìhVm. H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr OmñVrV OmñV
bmoH$m§Mr godm H$amdr Aem gyMZm Ë`m§Zm {Xboë`m hmoË`m.
Ë`mZwgma H$m`©H$V} PQy>Z H$m_ H$aV hmoVo. Amboë`m àËòH$mÀ`m
Mohè`mda g_mYmZ Zm§XV hmoVo.
`m {ddmh gmohù`mMo {Z{_ËV gmYyZ EH$ dfm©À`m AmV AmUIr
51 {ddmh H$aÊ`mMr KmofUm ímm§VrbmbOtZr Ho$br. bmoH$m§Zm
Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo H$s, hm eodQ>Mm H$m`©H«$_ Zmhr Ago H$m`©H«$_
AmVm gmVË`mZo hmoUma AmhoV. b½Z O_dVmZm Amboë`m
AS>MUrhr em§VrbmbOtZr g_mOmn`ªV nmohmoM{dë`m. `m {ddmh
gmohù`mMr nwÊ`mVrb d¥ËVnÌm§Zr dmImUUr Ho$br. `m
H$m`©H«$_mMm AmUIr EH$ $m`Xm Pmbm, Vmo åhUOo `m
gmohù`mbm à{VîR>m {_imbr Am{U bmoH$m§_Üò gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh Mm§Jbo H$s dmB©Q> `mMr MMm© hmoD bmJbr. Ë`m{edm`

26
AmUIrg_{dMmarH$m`©H$V}em§VrbmbOtZmòDZ{_imbo.nwT>Mo
51 {ddmh H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Omo_mZo H$m_ H$am`bm gwédmV
Ho$br.
`m doirhr {ddmh O_{dÊ`mnmgyZ H$m_ H$amdo bmJUma homVo.
nwÝhm EH$Xm da g§emoYZ Am{U dYy g§emoYZ _mohr_ hmVr ¿`mdr
bmJUma hmoVr. Ë`mM doir ímm§VrbmbOtÀ`m _ZmV Ambo,
AZoH$m§Zm OmDZ ôQ>Ê`mEodOr Ë`m§ZmM EH$m {R>H$mUr ~mobm{dbo,
Va H$m_ OmñV gmono hmoB©b. hm {dMma åhUOo dYyda _oimì`m§Mr
gwédmV hmoVr. Ë`m{df`r AmnU nwT>o g{dñVa ~mobyM. Va
AemàH$mao`m51{ddmhm§À`m{Z{_ËVmZon{hbmdYyda_oimì`mMo
Am`moOZ Ho$bo Jobo. Am°JñQ> 86 n`ªV Ago AmUIr VrZ _oimdo
Pmbo. Ë`m_Üò AZoH$m§Mr b½Zo O_br. n{hë`m gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh gmohù`m_wio AZoH$m§Mo `m gmohù`m{df`rMo _V AZwHy$b
Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio ímm§VrbmbOtZm EH$ dfm©Mr dmQ> nmhmdrM
bmJbr Zmhr. 25 OmZodmar 1987 amoOr Xwgam {ddmh gmohim
nm¡S> añË`mdarb AmZ§XZJa òWo H$am`Mo {ZpíMV Pmbo. 51
dYy Am{U dam§À`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§H$Sy>Z Vo gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`mgmR>r V`ma Agë`mMr g§_VrnÌo ^ê$Z
ímm§VrbmbOtÀ`m hmVmV Ambr.
hm {ddmh gmohimhr n{hë`m gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mà_mUoM
{Z`moOZ~ÜX Ho$ë`m_wio Iyn g§wXa nma nS>bm. _hmamîQ>´â `m
{ddmhm§Mr »`mVr ngabr.
`m XmoZ {ddmh gmohù`m§_wio Ë`m§Mm Am{U Ë`m§À`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªMm
CËgmh dmT>bm. {OX²X Va hmoVrM. _J nwT>M§ nmD b Ë`m§Zr
CMbb§, Vo åhUOo gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mMo {Oëhmdma
Am`moOZ H$am`Mr KmofUm. n{hë`m XmoZ gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`m§_Üò ~rS>, OmbZm, ZJa, Am¡a§Jm~mX, ~wbT>mUm Aem

27
Xya A§VamdaÀ`m eham§_YyZ bmoH$ Ambo hmoVo. `m bmoH$m§Zm BVŠ`m
Xya `m`bm bmJy Zò, Ë`m§Mm IM© hmoD Zò `mgmR>r gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh Midi {Oëøm§_Üò Am{U VmbwH$m nmVirda ZoÊ`mMo
ñdßZ em§VrbmbOtZr nm{hbo.
n{hë`m XmoZ gmohù`m§_Üò gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh{df`H$ _V
~XbÊ`mg ~è`mn¡H$s gwédmV Pmbr hmoVr. Ë`mMm $m`Xm {Oëhm
Am{U VmbwH$m ñVamda H$m_ H$aVmZm hmoUma hmoVm. Ë`m_wio
{Oëhm nmVirda gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh hmoUma Ago Omhra H$aVmZm
em§VrbmbOtZm èmMr ImÌr hmoVr. ZwgVr KmoîmUm H$ê$Z Vo
Wm§~bo ZmhrV. {ddmhmÀ`m Am`moOZmgmR>r Ë`m§Zr _hmamîQ>´mVrb
{Oëøm§_Üò ñdV… OmUo gwê$ Ho$bo. {VWë`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªer g§dmX
gmYm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. àËòH$ {Oëøm§Vrb gm_m{OH$
~m§{YbH$sMr OmUrd AgUmao H$m`©H$V} em§VrbmbOtÀ`m ^modVr
O_bo. g_{dMmar ghH$mar {_imë`mZo H$m_mbm doJ Ambm.
1987 _Üò Ah_XZJa òWo gm_y{hH$ {ddmh H$aÊ`mMo R>abo.
hm _oimdmhr AWm©V èñdr Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va OiJmd, Ywio,
A_amdVr òWo gm_wXm{`H$ gmohù`m§Mo H$m`©H«$_ èñdrnUo nma
nS>bo.
`m gJù`m gmohù`m§À`m èñdrVo_wio ímm§VrbmbOr
_hmamîQ>´mÀ`m H$mZmH$monè`mV nmohmoMbo. Ë`m_wio gwédmVrbm
gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmMr bmoH$m§À`m _ZmVrb à{V_m ~Xbm`bm
gwê$dmV Pmbr. bmoH$ H$m` åhUVrb, à{VîR>oMo H$m`, Xwg-`m
_wbmMo-_wbrMo b½Z R>aob H$s Zmhr BË`mXr àíZ H$YrM _mJo
nS>bo. H$mhr à_mUmV _Ü`_dJu` bmoH$hr `mV gh^mJr hmoD
bmJbo. AWm©V hm Midi àdmg gmonm ZìhVmM. _hmamîQ>´â
H$m`©H«$_ H$aVmZm Ë`m Ë`m ^mJmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm AZoH$
AS>MUr Amë`m.
nU C{ÔîQ> S>moù`mg_moa hmoV§ Am{U {Xem {ZpíMV hmoVr. {dYm`H$
Ñ[îQ>H$moZ bmoH$m§n`ªV nmohmoMdV, Ë`m§Zm g_OyZ gm§JV nwT>o OmU§

28
gwê$ am{hb§. Ë`m_wio O¡Z Y_m©Vrb gm_mÝ` bmoH$hr `m
H$m`©H«$_mV gh^mJr hmoD bmJbo. O¡Z g_mOmVrb lr_§V dJ©
AOyZhr `m àdmhmV gm_rb hmoV ZìhVm, nU {damoYhr H$aV
ZìhVm. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhm§_Üò Jar~ qH$dm lr_§V Agm
H$moUVmhr ôX ZìhVm. Á`mMr BÀN>m Amho Ë`mbm gm_mdyZ KoVbo
OmV hmoVo. `m_wio lr_§V dJ© `m H$m`©H«$_mnmgyZ WmoS>mgm bm§~
am{hbm. AmnmoAmnM Ë`m dJm©Mm gm_y{hH$ {ddmhm§Zm [damoY Amho
Agm g_O gd©gm_mÝ`m§_Üò ngabm. nU d¡{eï` åhUOo `m
lr_§V JQ>mZo H$moUVmhr CKS> {damoY Ho$bm Zmhr. gh^mJ Zmhr
Am{U CKS> {damoY Zmhr Aer lr_§V dJm©À`m ^y{_Ho$_wio
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mMr Midi gm_mÝ`m§À`m ~imda
_hmamîQ>´â ngabr. H$mhr doim {Oëhm ñVamda H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm
_mJo IoMÊ`mMm à`ËZhr Ho$bm Jobm. nU Ë`mbm $mago è
{_imbo Zmhr.
_hmamîQ>´mVrb gd©M {Oëøm§_Yë`m O¡Z g_mOmbm gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh MidirMo _hËd nQ>ë`mZo, Ë`m§Zr {ddmh Am`moOZmgmR>r
EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. `m~m~Vrb
em§VrbmbOr åhUVmV, EH$ {dYm`H$ C{X²XîQ>, EH$ {dYm`H$
Üò` S>moù`mg_moa R>odyZ, VoM H$m_ nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r gd© H$mhr
H$aÊ`mM§ R>adb§ hmoV§. Ë`m_wio hm H$m`©H«$_ èñdr Pmbm.
`m VrZ dfm©V gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mÀ`m {Z{_ËVmZo
em§VrbmbOtZm AZoH$ ~aodmB©Q> AZw^d Ambo. nU `m àdmgmV
bmI_mobmMo H$m`©H$V} Ë`m§Zm {_imbo. em§VrbmbOtZr H$m_mbm
gwédmV Ho$br Voìhm H$moUVrhr g§KQ>Zm Ë`m§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$br
ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio nXmMr Anojm AgUmao, {Zìdi nXmda S>moim
R>odyZ H$m_ H$aUmao H$m`©H$V} Ë`m§À`m^modVr O_bo ZmhrV. Á`m§Zm
IamoIaMg_mO{dH$mgmMrAmgAmho,Üò`mZoH$m_H$aÊ`mMr

29
BÀN>m Amho AgoM bmoH$ em§VrbmbOtZm òDZ {_imbo. `m {ddmh
gmohù`m§À`m {Z{_ËVmZo H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr ^ŠH$_ $ir Cämr
am{hbr. O¡Z Y_m©_Üò gm_y{hH$ {ddmh Midi ê$Odë`mda
em§VrbmbOtZm nwÝhm EH$Xm gd©Y_r©` gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
gmohù`mMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo. O¡Z g_mOmMo 25 Vo 51
{ddmh EH$m OmJr hmoV hmoVo. Vo gd© g_ma§^ ZrQ> nma nS>bo hmoVo.
hr JmoîQ> O¡Z Y_m©à_mUo ~mH$s¨À`mZmhr _m{hVr Pmbo hmoVo. Voìhm
hm gJim AZw^d JmR>rer R>odyZ, em§VrbmbOtZr 7 OmZodmar
1988 amoOr nwÊ`m_Üò gd©Y_r©` gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`mMo
Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mMo Omhra Ho$bo. Mma _{hZo AmYr hr VmarI
Omhra Ho$br Jobr. {ddmh gmohim gd©Y_r©`m§Mm Agë`mZo
Am`moOZ ZrQ> ìhmdo Agm hoVy Ë`m_mJo hmoVm. Ë`m{edm`
gmohù`mMr _m{hVr XoUo, àMma H$aUo, b½Z O_dUo Am{U
Ë`m§Zm gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`mgmR>r V`ma H$aUo hr _hËËdmMr
H$m_ohr nma nmS>m`Mr hmoVr.
gd©àW_ em§VrbmbOtZr g§nyU© _hmamîQ>´mVrb O¡Z g_mOmÀ`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm EH$Ì ~mobmdyZ gmohù`mÀ`m Am`moOZm{df`r
gm§{JVbo.`mdoirH$m`©H$Ë`mªZrAmnAmnë`mJmdm_ÜòR>aboë`m
{ddmhm§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$am`Mr Am{U Ë`m Ë`m gmohù`mV
b½Z H$amdo `mgmR>r à`ËZ H$amdm Ago R>abo. _hmamîQ>´mVrb
{d{dYd¥ËVnÌmVOm{hamVr{Xë`m._mÌ,Om{hamVrnojmd¡`pŠVH$
àgmamda em§VrbmbOtMm â hmoVm. ñdV… em§VrbmbOtZr
_hmamîQ>´â nX`mÌm Ho$br. IoS>oJmdm_Üò gan§Mmbm g_Obobr
JmoîQ>gd©gmYmaUnUogJù`mZmJ[aH$m§Zmg_OVo.Jmdm_Yrb
_mZmMo ñWmZ gan§Mm§Mo AgVo. Ë`m§À`m eãXmbm _mZ AgVmo.
Voìhm Ë`m§Zm `m H$m`m©V gm_rb H$ê$Z KoVbo, Va hr Midi
A{YH$m{YH$ bmoH$m§n`ªV nmohmoMUma hmoVr.

30
hr JmoîQ> bjmV KoV, _hmamîQ>´mVrb nwÊ`mÀ`m Odinmg
Agboë`m gw_mao gmV AmR> {OëømVrb àËòH$ JmdmVrb
gan§Mm§Zm em§VrbmbOr§Zr d¡`pŠVH$ nÌ {b{hbo. gan§Mm§Zr `m
A{^Zd CnH«$_mbm ghmæ` H$amdo Am{U JmdmVrb b½Zo
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mV H$aÊ`mg bmoH$m§Mo _Z didmdo
Ago AmdmhZ em§VrbmbOtZr nÌm_YyZ Ho$bo hmoVo. nwUo, qnnar,
qMMdS> _hmnm{bHo$Mo nXm{YH$mar, A{YH$mar, nwUo, qnnar-
qMMdS>Mo Am_Xma, ImgXma VgoM _hmamîQ>´mVrb gd©
gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm, H$m°boO, gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Mo MoAa_Z `m
gJù`m§Zm `m {ddmh gmohù`mgmR>r ghH$m`m©Mr Anojm ì`ŠV
H$aUmar nÌo Ë`m§Zr nmR>dbr.
Ë`mZ§Va nwUo, qnnar-qMMdS> _hmnm{bHo$Mo nXm{YH$mar,
A{YH$mar, nwUo, qnnar-qMMdS>Mo Am_Xma, ImgXmam§Zm àË`j
ôQy>Z Ë`m§À`m ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§Zm `m gmohù`mV gh^mJr H$ê$Z
KoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$amdm Aer {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {d{dY
Y_m©Vrb nwT>mè`m§Zmhr `mM àH$maMr {dZ§Vr H$ê$Z àdmhmV
gm_rb H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. nwÊ`mVrb
PmonS>nQ²>Q>`m§_Üò amhUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm àË`j ôQy>Z CnH«$_mMr
_m{hVr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbr Am{U `m gmohù`mV gm_rb hmoÊ`mMo
AmdmhZHo$bo.nwÊ`mVrbJUoe_§S>io_moR>`mà_mUmVgm_m{OH$
~m§{YbH$sMoCnH«$_MmbdVmVhrJmoîQ>em§VrbmbOtÀ`mÜ`mZmV
hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr `m _§S>imÀ`m AÜ`jm§Zm nÌ {bhÿZ Am{U ôQy>Z
Ë`m§Zr gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmgmR>r b½Z O_dmdrV Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$br.
àËòH$ {OëømVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m§Zm VmbwŠ`mVrb Jmdm§Mo Xm¡ao
H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar XoÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`m§Zrhr `m {ddmh
gmohù`mMr _m{hVr JmdmoJmdr gm§JÊ`mMm YS>mH$m gwê$ Ho$bm.
gd©Y_r©`m§Mo gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohio ìhmdoV `m hoVyZo

31
em§VrbmbOtZr H$m_mMm OmoaXma PmnmQ>m bmdbm hmoVm. {Oëhm
Xm¡ao, AZoH$m§À`m ôQ>rJmR>r, H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm `mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z Am{U
Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ghO H$m_ H$adyZ KoÊ`mMr em§VrbmbOtMr
hmVmoQ>r `m gJù`m_wio {OWo 101 {ddmh Ano{jV hmoVo, {VWo
EH§$XarV 700 {ddmh {ZpíMV Pmbo. em§VrbmbOtÀ`m bjmV
Amb§, H$s `m gJù`m H$m`m©V gmVeo hr g§»`m H$maUr^yV Amho.
gmVeo AmH$S>çmZo bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV àíZm§Mo H$mhÿa CR>db§ hmoV§.
Ë`m bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo, H$s 25 qH$dm 51 {ddmhmMo Am`moOZ
`m§Zr Ho$bo Amho.
nU BVŠ`m _moR>çm g§»òMo Am`moOZhr bmoH$ H$go H$aVrb ho
gJio EH$mM ì`mgnrR>mda H$go O_ob, `mV ZŠH$sM H$mhrVar
JS>~S> hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Am_Mr Am{U Am_À`m
ZmVodmB©H$m§Mr Mm§Jbr gmo` hmoUma Zmhr, AmXam{VÏ` Va bm§~M
am{hb§. BVHo$ bmoH$ EH$mM ì`mgnrR>mda H$go _mdVrb, BVŠ`m
bmoH$m§_Üò Am_Mm _wbJm - _wbJr Hw$R>o ~gdbr Amho Vo H$go
g_OUma Am{U Amåhmbm {XgUma H$go, dYydam§Zm {Xboë`m
H«$_m§H$mV H$mhr J$bV Pmbr, Va b½Z ^bË`mM _wbm qH$dm
_wbrgmo~Vìhm`M,AemEH$ZmAZoH$e§H$mË`m75{ddmh`mo½`
n[admamÀ`m _ZmV hmoË`m Am{U åhUyZM Ë`m§Zr _mKma KoVbr
hmoVr.
Amnë`m Kam_Üò H$mhr H$m`© Agob, Va Ë`mgmR>r Iyn AmYr
{Z`moOZ Ho$bo OmVo. Varhr H$mhr doim Jm§oYimMr n[apñWVr
CX²^dVo.H$Yr dñVy gmnS>V ZmhrV, H$Yr nmUr H$_r nS>Vo, Va
H$Yr ^moOZ ì`dñWoMm AJXr ~moOdmam CS>Vmo. _mZmn_mZ,
ê$gUo `m JmoîQ>r AmUIr {Zamù`m, H$mhr doim `m JmoîQ>r_wio
b½Z _moS>m`Mr doi òVo. ^m§S>Uo hmoVmV.

32
AJXr b½Z _moS>m`Mr doi òVo. H$mhr doim b½Z bmJyZ Jobobo
AgVo, nU `m dmXmdmXr_wio _wbrbm Amåhr A{O~mV _mhoar
nmR>dUmaZmhrAerKmofUmgmgaMobmoH$H$ê$Z_moH$iohmoVmV.
_wbrÀ`m {dahmMo Am{U `m ^m§S>UmMo nS>gmX XmoÝhr Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm
ÌmgXm`H$ R>aVmV. EH$m {ddmhmV hmoUmè`m `m JmoîQ>r AmhoV.
_wimV {ddmh hr JmoîQ> ZmOyH$. Ë`mV Ym{_©H$, Am{W©H$ Am{U
_mZdr ^mdZm `m gJù`m JmoîQ>tMm g_mdoe hmoVmo Am{U
gJi`mM JmoîQ>tZm g_mZ _hËd Amho. Ë`m_wio gd©Y_rŸ©`
{ddmhm§Mo ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ Am{U èñdr Am`moOZ H$aUo hr
em§VrbmbOtgmR>r H$gmoQ>rMr doi hmoVr.
`m ^ì` gmohù`mMo {Z`moOZ em§VrbmbOtZr H$go Ho$bo hmoVo, Vo
nmhUo JaOoMo Amho. ì`dñWmnZmMm Am{U {Z`moOZmMm Vmo EH$
CËH¥$îQ> Z_yZm hmoVm. `m gd©Y_u` gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`m_Üò 47 OmVr Y_m©Mo {ddmh hmoUma hmoVo. O_boë`m
gmVeo {ddmhm§n¡H$s gw_mao 300 {ddmh Am{Xdmgr g_mOmMo hmoVo.
H$mog~mS>À`m nX²_lr AZwVmB© dmKm§Zr ho {ddmh ìhmdoV `mgmR>r
n[al_ KoVbo hmoVo. O¡Z g_mOmMo 23 {ddmhhr `m_Üò hmoVo.
gd© Zm§oXUr Pmbobo AO© nmhÿZ àËòH$ OmVrMr doJir `mXr V`ma
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. H$moUË`m {OëømVrb Vo bmoH$ AmhoV Ë`mMrhr
Zm|X R>odÊ`mV Ambr. em§VrbmbOr åhUVmV, H$moUVohr Mm§Jbo
H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Vw_À`m _ZmV Agob, Va H$moUVohr g§H$Q>
Amnë`mdaòVZmhr.na_oídaVmR>nUoC^mamhVmo.`mMÝ`m`mZo
Ë`m§Zr {eñV~ÜXnUo H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUr Ho$br hmoVr. {H$Vrhr
_moR>m H$m`©H«$_ Agbm Am{U {VWo {eñV Am{U {Z`moOZ Agob
Va, Anè òV Zmhr Agm Ë`m§Zm R>m_ {dídmg hmoVm.
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AmIUrMr gwédmV Pmbr, H$m`©ñWimÀ`m
{ZpíMVrnmgyZ.

33
BVŠ`m _moRçm H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r OmJmhr _moR>rM hdr. Ë`m_wio
em§VrbmbOtZr Egnr H$m°boOÀ`m nQ>§mJUmda H$m`©H«$_
H$aÊ`mMo {ZpíMV H$obo. Zoh_rà_mUo Ë`m§À`mgmo~V
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr _O~yV $ir H§$~a H$gwZ H$m_mbm C^r hmoVr.
_J H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m g^m KoDZ àËòH$mda {d{eîQ> O~m~Xmar
gmondÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`mH$S>o gmondboë`m àËòH$ H$m_mMo
doJio a{OñQ>a hmoVo Am{U Ë`mV H$m_ Pmë`mda Zm|XdyZ R>odbo
OmV hmoVo. AmYrà_mUoM àËòH$mZo Amnë`mbm Zo_yZ {XboboM
H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr AQ> H$m`_ hmoVr. dYydam§Zm H«$_m§H$ {Xbobo
hmoVo. àËòH$ dYybm EH$ _wbJr Am{U àËòH$ dambm EH$ _wbJm
gmo~VrgmR>r g§nyU© {Xdg _XVZrg åhUyZ Zo_Ê`mV Ambm hmoVm.
625 _wbo Am{U {VVŠ`mM _wbr `m Xmohm§oÀ`m åhUOo EHy$U
1250 damVr nwÊ`mV òUma hmoË`m. Ë`m{edm` àËòH$ {R>H$mUMo
H$m`©H$V}hr òUma hmoVo. Ë`m_wio JXuMm A§XmO KoD$Z,
damVr nwÊ`m_Üò AmYrM nmohmoMVrb Agm à`ËZ Ho$bm
Jobm. Ë`m§À`m OodUmMr doJir ì`dñWm nwÊ`mV nmohmoMÊ`mÀ`m
AmYrM Ho$bobr hmoVr.
aoëdo ñQ>oeZ, ~g ñWmZH$m§da $bH$ bmdyZ bmoH$m§Mo ñdmJV
Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. doJdoJù`m añË`m§da H§$Q>´mob $moZMr ì`dñWm
Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_wio dmhVwH$sda H$moUVmhr VmU Ambm Zmhr.
nwÊ`mV Mmahr ~mOyZo òUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr Ë`m Ë`m ^mJmV
CVaÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$bobr hmoVr. hr ì`dñWm H$er Ho$br hmoVr,
Vo nmhUohr _mobmMo Amho. nwÊ`mVrb gd© _§Jb H$m`m©b`m§Zr `m
gmohù`mgmR>r _mo$V OmJm {Xbr hmoVr. gd©gmYmaUnUo
doJdoJù`m OmVr Y_m©gmR>r H$m`m©b`mV, O¡Z Y_u`
ñd`§da_Üò, Am{Xdmgr g_mO qMMdS>_Üò, Va _amR>m
g_mOmgmR>r {d{dY H$m`m©bò XoÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. `m
H$m`m©b`m§_Üò àËòH$mÀ`m OmVr Y_m©Zwgma Ym{_©H$ {dYr nma
nmS>Ê`mV Ambo.

34
Egnr H$m°boOÀ`m _¡XmZmV _m§S>boë`m IwÀ`mªda H«$_m§H$ KmVbobo
hmoVo. Ë`m H«$_m§H$mZwgma dYy-dam§Zm IwMuda ~gdbo hmoVo. àËòH$
_§Jb H$m`m©b`mVyZ EH$m doir XmoZ Vo VrZ damVr {Q>iH$ amoS>da
òD bmJë`m. WmoS>çmM doimV Ë`m gJù`m EH$ hmoDZ, EH$
_moR>rdamVV`maPmbr.gJimH$m`©H«$_emgZmZoEH$mhrQ>´H$bm
AS>dUma Zmhr Aer ImÌr {Xbr. bú_rZmamÙ Q>m°H$sOÀ`m
AmdmamV nm{H©$§JMr ZoQ>H$s ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambobr hmoVr.
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mbm H$moUVmhr nmobrg ~§Xmo~ñV
ZìhVm. H$maU Zo_Š`m Ë`mM {Xder n§VàYmZ amOrd Jm§YtMm
H$m`©H«$_nwÊ`mVAgë`mZonmobrg`§ÌUmCnbãYZìhVr.Mmaeo
hmo_JmS²>©g {Xdgâ Ë`m§Mr S>çyQ>r MmoI gm§^miV hmoVo. `m
H$m`©H«$_mbm Eg.nr.H$m°boOÀ`m g§MmbH$m§Zrhr CËV_ ghH$m`©
Ho$bo.
`m gmohù`mMo d¡{eîQ²ò åhUOo àËòH$mbm hm gmohim Amnbm
dmQ>V hmoVm. àËòH$mbm ñdV…Mo H$mhrVar `moJXmZ Agmdo Ago
dmQ>V hmoVo. Jmdm-JmdmVrb gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$V} `m H$m`©H«$_mbm
CnpñWV hmoVo. `m {ddmh gmohù`mMr Cn`wŠVVm Ë`m§À`m bjmV
Ambr. `m CnH«$_m§_Üò AmnU gH$«r` gh^mJr Pmbo nm{hOo.
Ago ~rO Ë`m§À`m _ZmV ê$Obo. Amnë`m g_mOmÀ`m
Mm§Jë`mgmR>r Amnë`mbmhr hm CnH«$_ am~dVm òD eH$Vmo Agm
{dídmg Ë`m§À`m _ZmV OmJbm.
625 {ddmh EH$m OmJr hmoD eH$VmV, Va AmnU 21 b½Z
ZŠH$sM H$ê$ eH$Vmo Aem ImÌrZo bJmobJ Ë`mM {Xder
AZoH$m§Zr em§VrbmbOtMr ôQ> KoVbr. `m gmè`m§Zr gm_y{hH$
{ddmh gmohim Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m àX{e©V Ho$br.
em§VrbmbOtZr Vwåhr Ago g_ma§^ Am`mo{OV Ho$boV, Va àËòH$
H$m`©H«$_mbm Amåhr ghH$m`© H$ê$ Ago AmídmgZ {Xbo. Vr _XV

35
H$aUo hr Amnbr Z¡{VH$ O~m~Xmar Amho `m Om{UdoVyZ ZwgVo
AmídmgZ XoDZ em§VrbmbOr Wm§~bo ZmhrV. {Xbobo AmídmgZ
em§VrbmbOtZr H$gmoerZo nmibo.
gìdmghmeo b½Zm§Mm èñdr gmohim AZw^dyZ H$m`©H$V}
Amnmnë`m Jmdr naV Jobo. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m Jmdm_Üò gm_y{hH$
{ddmhmgmR>r V`mar gwé Ho$br. Cnda dYy-dam§Mo nËVo {_idUo,
Ë`m§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo `m JmoîQ>tZm gwédmV Pmbr.
nwÊ`mVë`m ^ì` gmohù`m_wio g_mOmVrb bmoH$m§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm
~è`mn¡H$s ~Xbbr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio bmoH$hr gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmbm
_mÝ`Vm XoV hmoVo. `m gJù`m àdmgmV em§VrbmbOtMo _mJ©Xe©Z
gVV hmoVoM, H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Am`mo{Oboë`m gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohim {d{dY OmVtgmR>r Agmo qH$dm gd©Y_u`m§gmR>rMm Agmo,
{OWo JaO hmoVr {VWo em§VrbmbtZr nwÊ`mhÿZ H$m`©H$V} nmR>dbo.
H$mhr {R>H$mUr ñdV…hr OmV AgV. hiyhiy _mhoídar, Vobr,
Vm§~moir, H$moir `m gJù`m g_mOm§_Üò gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohio
hmoD bmJbo.Zm§XoS>_ÜòerI g_mOmZohrgm_y{hH${ddmhgmohim
Am`mo{OV H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br.. `m gJù`m MidirMr
KS>r ~gbr. `m gmohù`mÀ`m _mJMr ^y{_H$m bmoH$m§Zr nyU©
ñdrH$mabr Amho. AmVm AZoH$$ {R>H$mUr Ago {ddmh gmohio hmoV
AgVmV.1984gmbrg_mOmVrbEH$hrì`ŠVrem§VrbmbOtZm
ghH$m`© XoV ZìhVr. gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohim åhQ>b§, H$s bmoH$
nmR> {$adyZ Om`Mo. Ë`m§À`m à`ËZm§Zr b½Z R>ab Agb§, Varhr
gm_y{hH$ {ddmh ZH$moM Aer bmoH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m Agm`Mr. nU
Varhrem§VrbmbOtZrà`ËZgmoS>boZìhVo.Ë`mVH$moUVrhrH$gya
Ë`m§Zr R>odbobr ZìhVr. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh hmoUo hr H$mimMr
JaO Ë`m§Zr `mo½` doir AmoiIbr hmoVr. `m {ddmhm§Mo _hËËd
Ë`§mZrbmoH$m§ZmnQ>dyZ{Xbo.doimodoir`mgmohù`m§Zmd¥ËVnÌm§_Üò

36
à{gÜXr {Xbr. `m gmohù`m§_Üò b½Z Ho$boë`m OmoS>ß`m§Mo gËH$ma
Wmoam_moR>çm§À`m hñVo KS>dyZ AmUbo. `m gJù`m YS>nS>r_mJo
EH$M CX²Xoe hmoVm, Vmo åhUOo ho gmao H$mhr $ŠV g_mOmÀ`m
{hVmgmR>rM Amho. {ddmhmVrb IMm©Mr g_ñ`m H$_r ìhmdr,
{ddmh gmohim A{YH$ AmZ§XXm`r ìhmdm `mgmR>r gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
MidirV em§VrbmbOtZr ñdV…bm nyU© PmoHy$Z XoDZ H$m_ Ho$bo.
AmO _§Ma, OwÞagma»`m {R>H$mUr 60 Vo 70 Q>ŠHo$ b½Z
gm_y{hH$ gmohù`m_Üò hmoVmV. gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohim AmVm
EH$ Midi ~ZyZ Jobr Amho. g§nyU© _hmamîQ>´mZo gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
gmohù`m§ZmghOñdrH$maboAmho.1984gmbrAeŠ`dmQ>Umar
hr JmoîQ> AmVm AJXr ghOnUo gJirH$S>o KS>VmZm {XgVo.
`m_wioM H$Xm{MV, nU gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`m{df`r
~mobVmZm gm_y{hH$ {ddmh MidirÀ`m amonQ>çmMo d¥jmV ê$nm§Va
Pmë`mMo g_mYmZ Ë`m§À`m Mohè`mda gX¡d {dbgV AgVo.
em§VrbmbOtZr Am`mo{OV Ho$bobo gm_y{hHem§VrbmbOtZr Am`mo{OV Ho$bobo gm_y{hHem§VrbmbOtZr Am`mo{OV Ho$bobo gm_y{hHem§VrbmbOtZr Am`mo{OV Ho$bobo gm_y{hHem§VrbmbOtZr Am`mo{OV Ho$bobo gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohio$ {ddmh gmohio$ {ddmh gmohio$ {ddmh gmohio$ {ddmh gmohio …
gZ 1986-25 _o-gH$miZJa, ~mUoa añVm, nwUo òWo 25 O¡Z
Y_u` OmoS>ß`m§Mm {ddmh gmohim
gZ 1987-25 OmZodmar, AmZ§XZJa, nm¡S> amoS>, nwUo òWo 51
O¡Z Y_u` OmoS>ß`m§Mm {ddmh gmohim, Ë`m{edm` àËòH$s 51
OmoS>nr gm_rb AgUmao gmohio Ah_XZJa, OiJmd, Ywio Am{U
A_amdVr òWo nma nS>bo.
gZ1988-n[hbmgd©Y_u`625gm_y{hH${ddmhgmohim,Eg.
nr. H$m°boO, nwUo
gZ 1988 Vo gZ 2012-O¡Z Y_m©gh AJadmb, H$moir,
Vm§~moir, Vobr, qenr g_mOmgmR>r gmVË`mZo gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
gmohù`mMo Am`moOZ.

37
Am{Xdmgr g_mOH$m`m©bm gwédmVAm{Xdmgr g_mOH$m`m©bm gwédmVAm{Xdmgr g_mOH$m`m©bm gwédmVAm{Xdmgr g_mOH$m`m©bm gwédmVAm{Xdmgr g_mOH$m`m©bm gwédmV …
A§X_mZmVrb Omadm O_mVrVrb H$mhr Am{XdmgtZm
n`©Q>H§$mg_moa nadmZJr ZgVmZmhr Ë`m§Zm Z¥Ë` H$aÊ`mg ^mJ
nmS>ë`mMr ~mV_r AmnU ZwH$VrM dmMbr Agob. àJVrMm
S>m§Jmoam {nQ>Umao AmnU Am{Xdmg§tÀ`m {hVmg§~§Yr EH${dgmì`m
eVH$mVhr AmnU {H$Vr {ZîH$miOr AmhmoV Ë`mMo ho VmOo
CXmhaU. dfm©Zwdf©o Xè`mImoè`mVyZ amhUmar, {ZgJm©À`m
gm{ÞÜ`mV a_bobr Am{U AOyZhr gmo`r gw{dYm§nmgyZ d§{MV
Agbobr O_mV H$moUVr Ago {dMmabo, Va EH$M CËVa òB©b Vo
åhUOo Am{Xdmgr O_mV. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va 64 dfmªZrhr hr
n[apñWVr Amho. `m Am{XdmgtMr n[apñWVr ~Xbmdr, Ë`m§Zm
{dH$mgmMm _mJ© {_imdm `mgmR>r em§VrbmbOr H$m_ H$aV
AmhoV.
H$m`m©Mr gwédmV …H$m`m©Mr gwédmV …H$m`m©Mr gwédmV …H$m`m©Mr gwédmV …H$m`m©Mr gwédmV …
gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`m§À`m {Z{_ËVmZo em§VrbmbOr
_hmamîQ>´mVrb Odinmg gJù`m ^mJm§_Üò {$abo. Ë`mdoir
Am{Xdmgr ^mJm§_Üò OmÊ`mMmhr `moJ Ambm. 1987 gmbÀ`m
AmgnmgMr KQ>Zm Amho. R>mUo Am{U H$mog~mS> ^mJm_Üò Vo
gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmÀ`m àgmamgmR>r Jobo hmoVo. Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Zm
Am{Xdmgr g_mOmÀ`m ì`Wm g_OyZ Amë`m.
gJù`mV _moR>r g_ñ`m hmoVr, Vr åhUOo {ddmhmMr, Am{Xdmgr
g_mOm_Üò b½Z Ho$ë`mda gd© g_mOmbm OodU Am{U Xmê$
Úmdr bmJVo. gJù`m g_mOmgmR>r hm IM© H$aÊom AZoH$m§Zm
nadS>V Zgo. H$maU Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmam n¡gm Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
A{O~mV ZìhVm. gmYmaU gmIanwS>m Pmë`mda b½Z ZŠH$s
PmboAgoAmnUg_OVmo.Am{Xdmgrg_mOmVhrgmIanwS>çmMr
nÜXV Amho nU Ë`mV WomS>o doJionU Amho. Ë`m§À`m_Üò

38
gmIanwS>çmbm Jmobw$Q>r Ago åhUVmV. Jmob Pmë`mda Zdam
~m`H$mobm EH$Ì amhÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_iVo. Ago OmoS>no
ñdV…H$S>o n¡go O_bo H$s, _J gJù`m§Zm OodU Am{U Xmê$gmR>r
{Z_§{ÌV H$aVmV Am{U b½Z H$aVmV. hr Ë`m§Mr àWm Amho.
AmVm àWm åhQ>br H$s, Vr nmim`Mo ~§YZ AmngyH$M òV Ago.
Ë`m_wio {H$ËòH$ Am{Xdmgr OmoS>nr n¡go ZmhrV åhUyZ b½ZM
H$ê$ eH$br ZìhVr. Jmob nÜXVr_wio OmoS>nr EH$Ì amhmV hmoVr,
Ë`m§Zm _wbohr Pmbr hmoVr. nU b½ZmMm nËVm Zgë`mZo hr _wbo
AZm¡ag R>abr hmoVr. H$mog~mS> Am{U R>mUo ^mJm_Üò {$aVmZm
hr gJir n[apñWVr em§VrbmbOtÀ`m bjmV Ambr. WmoS>o ImobmV
OmDZ _m{hVr KoVë`mda Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo H$s, H$mhr
Hw$Qw>§~m_Üò _mJÀ`m XmoZ {nT>çm§_Üò b½ZM Pmbobo Zmhr.
EImÚm OmoS>ß`mÀ`m _wbm§Mohr Jmob Pmbobo AmhoV. nU Zm
nmbH$m§Mo b½Z Pmbobo Amho, Zm _wbm§Mo. `m gJù`m àH$mamZo
AZoH$ Jw§VmJw§VrÀ`m g_ñ`m {Z_m©U Pmë`m hmoË`m. d{S>bm§Mo
Zmd H$m`XoeranUo _wbm§Zm {_imbobo Zgë`mZo Á`m§Mr WmoS>r$ma
O_rZ Amho, Vr _wbm§À`m Zmdo hmoVmZm AZoH$ AS>MUr òV AgV.
b½ZmZ§Va OodU Am{U Xmê$ àWo_wio b½Zg§ñWm _moS>H$irbm
Amë`mgmaIr Pmbr hmoVr. em§VrbmbOtZr `m gdmªZm gm_y{hH$
{ddmh gmohù`m§_Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMo AmdmhZ Ho$bo. ê$T>r{à`
Am{Xdmgr g_mOmbm g_OmdUo gmono ZìhVo. gm_y{hH$ {ddmh
gmohù`m§_Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMo $m`Xo Ë`m§Zm nQ>dyZ Úmdo
bmJbo. H$mog~mS>À`m AZwVmB© dmKm§Zr `m H$m_mbm _mobmMr _XV
Ho$br. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ 1987 gmbr Pmboë`m gd©Y_u`
{ddmh gmohù`m_Üò gw_mao VrZeo {ddmh Am{Xdmgr g_mOmMo
hmoVo. H$mog~mS>À`m AZwVmBªZr `mVrb H$mhr {ddmh R>adbo hmoVo.
b½ZmÀ`m {Xder AZoH$ Am{Xdmgr OmoS>ß`m§À`m H$S>oda, Im§Úmda
Ë`m§Mr _wbo hmoVr. ehar ZmJ[aH$m§Zm `mMo H$moS>o CbJS>V ZìhVo.

39
_J AZwVmB© dmKm§Zr Jmob àWm, b½Z, b½Z Z hmoÊ`mMr H$maÊmo
`mMr g{dñVa _m{hVr bmoH§$mZm {Xbr Am{U bmoH$m§À`m e§H$m Xya
Pmë`m.
em§VrbmbOtZr gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohim ê$O{dÊ`mgmR>r OrdmMo
amZHo$boAmho.hrMidiê$Omdr`mgmR>rË`m§ZrAmnë`m_wbtMo
Am{U _wbmMo b½Zhr gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohù`m§_Üò Ho$bo Amho.
Ë`m~m~V em§VrbmbOtÀ`m _wbrMm AZw^d Zm|X KoÊ`mgmaIm
Amho. Ë`m~m~V gmoZmbr åhUVmV, _mÂ`m ~m~m§Mr åhUOo
em§VrbmbOr§Mo H$m_ _r bhmZ Agë`mnmgyZ nmhVo Amho.
gm_y{hH$ {ddmh gmohim, dYyda nmbH$ _oimdo èñdr ìhmdoV
`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr {OdmnmS> _ohZV KoVbr Amho.g_mOmbm {Xem
XoÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr H$îQ>nyd©H$ H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo ho _r OdiyZ
nm{hb§ Amho. g_mOH$m`© åhUOo gwimdaMr nmoir AgVo. {VWo
Vwåhmbm Anè Ambo, Var nwÝhm nwÝhm H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo.
g_mOmMo _Z ~XbÊ`mgmR>r Vw_À`mH$S>o {OX²X, àM§S> Vi_i
Am{U nŠH$m {ZíM` Agmdm bmJVmo. _mÂ`m ~m~m§H$S>o `m {VÝhr
JmoîQ>r CX§S> AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr g_mOmbm Oo gm§{JVb§ Vo ñdV…hr
àmUnUmZo nmib§. `mM§ CËV_ CXmhaU åhUOo _mP§ b½Z.
_mÂ`m ~m~m§Zr H$m`_ gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`m§Mm nwañH$ma
Ho$bm.b½Zm_ÜòAdmñVdIM©H$aÊ`mbmË`m§Mm{damoYhmoVmM.
Ë`m_wio _mPohr b½Z gm_wXm{`H$ gmohù`mV hmoUma ho {ZpíMVM
hmoVo. _mP§ b½Z R>ab§. Mmoa{S>`m Hw$Q§>w>~ AmYw{ZH$
b½ZmAmYrnmgyZM AmoiIV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m {dMmagaUrMm
Ë`m§Zm nyU© n[aM` hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`§mZr b½Z gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh
gmohù`mV hmoB©b `m JmoîQ>rbm AJXr ghO _mÝ`Vm {Xbr.
gmoZmbrÀ`m b½Zm_Üò gmoZmbrgh BVa AH$am OmoS>ß`m§Mrhr
b½Z Pmbr. `mMm gmoZmbrVmBªZm $ma AmZ§X hmoVmo. Amnë`mbm
BVŠ`m gJù`m OmoS>ß`m§À`m Kar Agboë`m d{S>bYmè`m

40
bmoH$m§Mm Amerdm©X {_imbm `mMohr Ë`m§Zm $ma Aàyn dmQ>bo. `m
b½ZmMo gmao {dYr AJXr hm¡goZo Am{U {dYrnyd©H$ nma nS>bo. hm
gmohim AJXr g§wXa Pmbm. b½ZmgmR>r Ë`m§À`m nVrMo [_Ì ~mhoa
XoemVyZ Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zmhr hm gmohim Iyn AmdS>bm. Amnë`m
XoímmV Joë`mda Ë`m§Zr `m b½ZmMr grS>r AmdOy©Z nmR>{dÊ`mg
gm§{JVbr. H$maU {VH$S>À`m bmoH$m§Zm hm gmohim H$m` hmoVm Vo
nmhm`bm {_imdo Aer Ë`m§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. `m gmohù`mV H$moR>ohr
^nH$m ZìhVm. S>m_S>m¡b Am{U lr_§VrMo àXe©Z ZìhVoM. nU,
VarhrË`m§Zmb½ZgmohimAmdS>bmhmoVm._bmdmQ>V§gm_wXm{`H$
{ddmh gmohù`mMo ho `e Amho. em§VrbmbOtMr {dMmagaUr
Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zr ZwgVrM g_OyZ KoVbr Amho Ago Zmhr,
Va Vo {dMmagaUr ho gmao Hw$Qw>§~ OJVo Amho. Ë`mMm $m`Xm
em§VrbmbOtZm H$m`_Mm Pmbm Amho.

41
5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm5. dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh Midirbm nwT>o ZoVmZmM em§VrbmbOr _wWm
`m§Zr dYyda n[aM` _oimì`m§Zm gwédmV Ho$br. AWH$ à`ËZm§Zr
Ë`m§Zr `m Midirbm _hmamîQ>´mVrb H$mZmH$monè`mV nmohmoM{dbo.
hr Midi g§nyU© _hmamîQ>´mV ZoÊ`mnydu n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr JaO
H$m`, Vo H$go ¿`mdoV, H$moUmgmR>r ¿`mdoV `mMm g_J« {dMma
Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm hmoVm Am{U bmoH$m§n`ªVhr nmohmoMdbm. Ë`m§À`m `m
ñßmîQ> _Zmo^y{_Ho$_wioM dYy - da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdo g_mOmZo
ghO ñdrH$mabo AmhoV. Voìhm `m dYyda n[aM` _oimì`m§_mJo
Agbobr em§VrbmbOtMr _Zmo^y{_H$m g_OyZ KoD `mV.
dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV :
gm_y{hH${ddmhgmohù`m§gmR>rem§VrbmbOtZrMidigwêHo$br.
Ë`m_wio _hmamîQ>´mVrb H$mZmH$monè`mV Vo {$abo, AZoH$ b½Z
O_Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr IQ>nQ> Ho$br. Ë`m IQ>nQ>tÀ`m {Z{_ËVmZo
b½Z O_dVmZm `oUmè`m AS>MUr, Ìmg, AQ>rVQ>tMr H$ënZm
Ë`m§Zm Ambr. Ia§Va b½Z åhUOo XmoZ {Odm§Mo {_bZ, XmoZ
Kam§Mo EH$Ì `oUo Am{U XmoÝhr Kam§gmR>rMm EH$ AmZ§Xgmohim ..

42
ho gJio Iao Amho, nU b½Z R>adVmZmMm Ë`m§Zm Ambobo AZw^d
H$mhr doJioM gm§JV hmoVo.
àË`j b½Z R>ê$Z Vo hmoB©n`ªVMm àdmg gmonm ZgVmo. _wbrÀ`m
b½ZmgmR>r {H$Vr {R>H$mUr C§~ao {POdbo, ì`mhr - [dhrUtZm
b½ZmV _mZnmZmgmR>r H$gm Ìmg {Xbm, Zdam _wbJm EImÚm
JmoîQ>rgmR>r H$gm ê$gyZ ~gbm `mÀ`m gwag JmoîQ>r _mJÀ`m
{nT>rH$Sy>Z Amnë`mbm EoH$m`bm {_iVmV. b½Z R>adÊ`mÀ`m
JmoîQ>tMr gwédmVM ìhm`Mr Vr XoÊ`m KoÊ`mÀ`m JmoîQ>tZr. hþ§S>m
{H$Vr, gmoZ§ {H$Vr, _mZnmZ hdm `m gJù`m§Zr _wbrMo dSr>b
H$Om©À`m AmoÂ`mImbr X~yZ Om`Mo. gJù`m _mJÊ`m nwadyZhr
hþ§S>çmnm`r Ag§»` g§gma CX²ÜdñV Pmbo AmhoV. _wbtZr Ord
J_mdbm Var Amho, qH$dm C^§ Am`wî` h§þS>m {Xbm Zmhr, _mZnmZ
{Xbm Zmhr Agë`m JmoîQ>tZr N>i gmogbm Amho. AmVm H$mi
~Xbbm Amho. Voìhm gÜ`m h§þS>m CKS>nUo _m{JVbm OmV Zmhr,
nU AmS>yZ AmSy>Z _mJÊ`m hmoV AgVmVM. b½Z Vwåhr H$ê$Z
Úm`M§, _wbrbm gOdyZ nmR>dm, Am_À`m _mZmà_mUo Vwåhr
Omd`mbm daXpjUm Úm`bm hdr, EH$ Zm AZoH$.. `mXr g§nV
Zmhr, _wbJr gw{epjV Agbr, Varhr eodQ>r `m gJù`mbm
EH$m R>am{dH$ _`m©XoZ§Va {damoY H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. {VMr BÀN>m
Agbr, nmbH$ Am{U g_mO {Vbm {damoY H$ê$ XoV Zmhr,
Am_À`mgmR>r VwP§ gwI _hËËdmM§ Amho, Vw_À`mgmR>rM Amho
Am_M§ gma§ H$mhr Ago gm§JV IwX²X nmbH$M _wbtZm Jßn
~gdVmV.
_wbrÀ`m _Vmbm Voìhmhr _hËËd ZìhV§ Am{U AmVmhr $mago
Zmhr. Voìhm b½Z R>adUo Am{U hmoUo ho Vg§ OmoI_rM§ H$m_
hmoDZ Jobobo hmoVo. ~a§ hr JmoîQ> BVH$s _hËËdmMr Amho,H$r

43
gJù`m Am`wî`mMm Vmob b½Z `m EH$m {df`mda Adb§~yZ
AgVmo. b½Z R>adUo åhUOo ~mOmamV OmDZ ^mOr AmUUo Zmhr.
em§VrbmbOtZr b½Z H$go R>aVo `mMm ImobmV OmD Z {dMma
H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo, H$s b½Z
H$am`Mo åhUOo AZwê$n dYy qH$dm da emoYÊ`mnmgyZ gwédmV
H$amdr bmJVo.
nydu _Ü`ñWm§À`m_m©$V b½Z R>adbr Om`Mr. H$moUr EImXm
hm¡erZohr ho H$m_ H$aV Ago. Cnda _wbJm Am{U _wbJr `m§Mr
XmoKm§Mr _m{hVr _Ü`ñWmH$S>o Agm`Mr. _Ü`ñWmH$Sy>Z EImXo
b½Z O_bo, Ë`m OmoS>ß`mMm g§gma CËV_ Pmbm, Va _wbmMo-
_wbrMo Zer~ Mm§Jbo åhUyZ Ago Mm§Jbo Pmbo Ago åhQ>bo
Om`Mo. nU XwX£dmZo Ë`m§À`m g§gmamV H$mhr AS>MUr Amë`m,
_wbrbm gmgar N>i ghZ H$amdm bmJbm, Va _mÌ gJim Xmof
_Ü`ñWmbm.
`m g_mOmZo {Xboë`m dmJUwH$sMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ _Ü`ñWmMr
^y{_H$m H$aUmao hiyhiy H$_r hmoD bmJbo. Xwgar _hËËdmMr
JmoîQ> åhUOo nydu Am{U AmËVmhr b½Z R>adÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$ò_Üò
_wbmH$S>Mo EImÚm _wbrÀ`m Kar ñdV…hÿZ _mJUr Kmbm`bm
OmV ZmhrV. AOyZhr _wbmMr _m{hVr {_imbr, H$s _wbrMo dSr>b
_wbJm nmhÊ`mgmR>r OmVmV. _wbm_wbrMr ng§Vr Pmbr, Var
~mH$sÀ`m JmoîQ>r O_mì`m bmJVmV. _w»` JmoîQ> AmS>dr òVo, Vr
åhUOo hþ§S>m. EImÚm J[a~mKaMr _wbJr g§wXa, gwerb Am{U
gw{e{jV Agbr, Var n¡gm Zgë`mZo {VÀ`m `mo½`VoMo ñWi
{_iy eH$V Zgo. _wbmMo KamUo OodT>o à{VpîR>V, _wbJm {OVH$m
gw{e{jV {VVH$m hþ§S>m OmñV hm {Z`_M hmoDZ Jobm hmoVm. _wbJm
Á`m à_mUmV {eH$bm Agob, Ë`m à_mUmV h§þS>m {_im`bmM
hdm Aer nŠH$s _Zmo^y{_H$m _wbmÀ`m nmbH$m§Mr Ago.
Ë`m{edm` Jmoè`m a§JmMr ~m`H$mo hdr `m H$maUmgmR>r AZoH$
_wbtZm Zmng§V Ho$bo OmVo. `m gJù`m_wio gd© OmVr Y_m©_Üò

44
{ddmh O_Uo Am{U Vmo èñdrnUo nma nmS>Uo Iyn H$R>rU Pmbo
hmoVo. n¡gm hr JmoîQ> WmoS>r ~mOybm R>odbr, Va AZoH$ b½Z ghO
O_Vrb, Ë`m§Mo g§gma gwImMo hmoVrb. hr gJir n[apñWVr
em§VrbmbOtZr g_OyZ KoVbr. _hmamîQ>´â {$aVmZm b½Z
R>aVmZm H$moUË`m _hËËdmÀ`m AS>MUr òVmV Vo Ë`m§À`m bjmV
Ambo.
b½ZmgmR>r _wbo-_wbr emoYUo H$R>rU Pmbo hmoVo. H$mhr eham§_Üò
_wbm - _wbtMr _m{hVr EH${ÌV CnbãY hmoV hmoVr, nU hr
_m{hVr Jmoim H$aUmè`m g§ñWoV àË`j OmD Z nËVo {_idUo
$ŠV eŠ` hmoVo. _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo Am{U Vr _m{hVr EH$mM
{R>H$mUr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo BVH$sM O~m~Xmar Ë`m g§ñWoZo
KoVbobr hmoVr. àË`j ôQ>Uo, Mm¡H$er H$aUo `m gJù`m JmoîQ>r
nmbH$m§Zm ñdV…M H$amì`m bmJV hmoË`m.
Voìhm AZwê$n _wbm_wbtMo {ddmh R>aÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$aVm òB©b
`m ÑîQ>rZo em§VrbmbOtMm {dMma gwê$ Pmbm. Ë`mVyZM dYyda
n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr H$ënZm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Ambr. _J dYyda
nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr _ZmV Ambobr H$ënZm àË`jmV
AmUÊ`mÀ`mX¥îQ>rZo Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ gwê$ Ho$bo.
H$moUVmhr H$m`©H«$_ gwê$ H$am`Mm Agob, Va Ë`m_mJMr
ñdV…Mr ^y{_H$m ñnîQ> AgÊ`mH$S>o em§VrbmbOtMm H$b AgVmo.
Ë`mZwgma dYyda _oimdo H$m âdmdoV, H$em àH$mao âdmdoV,
Ë`m_Üò H$moUË`m JmoîQ>tMm g_mdoe Agmdm, H$m` Zgmdo `m
{df`r {dMma_§WZ gwê$ Pmbo. dÜymda _oimì`m§_Üò AZoH$ Cnda
_wbo-_wbrEH$m{R>H$mUròVrb,EH$_oH$m§À`mnmbH$m§Zm,_wbmbm,
_wbrbm ôQ>Ê`mMr g§Yr {_iob, EH$_oH$m§À`m g§ñH¥$Vr, {dMma,
nÜXVr, ~mobUo MmbUo `m JmoîQ>r nQ>H$Z g_OyZ KoVm òVrb.

45
EH$_oH$m§À`m ghdmgm_Üò hr gJirM _§S>ir Amë`mZo
_VôXmMo $mago àg§J òUma ZmhrV. _wbmgmR>r qH$dm
_wbrgmR>rhr EH$mnojm OmñV n`m©` CnbãY hmoVrb.
Ë`m{edm` BVH$s gJir _§S>ir EH$m {R>H$mUr O_ë`mda g_mO
{hVmgmR>rÀ`m Mma JmoîQ>rhr gm§JUo eŠ` hmoB©b. Agm gJim
gmamgma {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr dYyda _oimì`m§Mo Am`moOZ
H$aÊ`mÀ`m {XeoZo nmdbo CMbbr. OmVr Y_m©gmR>r EH${ÌV
_oimdm ¿`mdm Agohr {dMma òDZ Jobo. nU _J WmoS>m A{YH$
{dMma Ho$ë`mda Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo, AOyZhr b½Z
R>adÊ`mgmR>r eŠ`Vmo ñdV…À`m OmVrVbm OmoS>rXma
{ZdS>Ê`mH$S>obmoH$m§MmH$bAgVmo.VoìhmgwédmVrbmVarEH${ÌV
n[aM` _oimdm ZH$moM Ago Ë`m§Zr R>a{dbo.
gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmÀ`m doir Ambobm nydm©Zw^d JmR>rer hmoVmM.
Ë`mMm _mobmMm Cn`moJ Ë`m§Zm dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr
gwédmV H$aVmZm Pmbm. gm_y{hH$ {ddmh MidirÀ`m Xaå`mZ
Ë`m§Zm bmoH$m§Zr gm§{JVbo hmoVo H$s, ñdV…À`m g_mOmnmgyZ
gwédmV H$am, _J Amåhmbm gm§Jm. Vr JmoîQ> em§VrbmbOtÀ`m
bjmV hmoVr. g_mOm_Üò H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> ghO ñdrH$mabr
OmV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r H$îQ> H$amdo bmJVmV Am{U bmoH$m§Zm nQ>dyZ
Úmdo bmJVo ho Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo hmoVo. Voìhm gwédmV ñdV…À`m
g_mOmnmgyZMH$am`MrAgonŠHo$R>abo.dYydanmbH$n[aM`
_oimì`mgmR>r nwÝhm Ë`m§Zr JmdmoJmdrÀ`m bmoH$m§er g§nH©$
gmYm`bm gwédmV Ho$br.
dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§_Üò Vwåhr gm_rb PmbmV, Va
Vw_Mm b½Z OwidÊ`mgmR>r H$amì`m bmJUmè`m nm`nrQ>rMm Ìmg
dmMob. Vwåhmbm _wbJm, _wbJr àË`j nmhm`bm {_iob, KaÀ`m
_mUg§mer AmoiI hmoB©b Aem JmoîQ>r gm§JyZ em§VrbmbOr

46
bmoH$m§Zm dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m_§Üò gm_rb hmoÊ`mgmR>r
{dZ§Vr H$ê$ bmJbo. Á`m Á`m Kar Cnda _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr
Amho,Ë`mË`mKam§_ÜòñdV…OmD$ZË`m§Zrn[aM`_oimì`m§_Üò
gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. AJXr
Vmgâ bmoH$m§er ~mobyZ Ë`m§Zm n[aM` _oimì`m§Mo _hËËd
em§VrbmbOr gm§JV AgV.
BWo nwÝhm EH$Xm g_mOmÀ`m _Zmda à{VîR>m, _mZ, ê$T>r§Mm
nJS>m {H$Vr H$m`_ AgVmo, `mMm AZw^d Ë`m§Zm Ambm. dYyda
n[aM` _oimì`m§_Üò _wbmMm, _wbrMm {ddmh bJoM O_y eH$Vmo,
Voìhm Ë`m§Zm {VWo KoD$Z òUo {hVmMo Amho Ago {H$Vrhr nQ>dyZ
XoÊ`mMm n«`ËZ Ho$bm, Var bmoH$ _oimì`m_Üò `m`bm amOr hmoV
ZgV. H$maU bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>m`Mo, Aem _oimì`mV Amnë`m _wbmMo
qH$dm _wbrMo b½Z O_ë`mMo g_mOmV BVam§Zm g_Ob§, Va
bmoH$ Amåhmbm H$_r n«VrMo g_OVrb Am{U Am_Mr à{VîR>m
H$_r hmoB©b. _oimì`m_Üò b½Z O_dm`Mr doi Ambr, åhUOo
{VMo b½Z O_V ZgUma. _wbmV qH$dm _wbr_Üò H$mhrVar
àm°ãbo_ Agë`m{edm` Vo _oimì`m§_Üò OmUma ZmhrV Agm
J¡ag_Ohr bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV hmoVm.
VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m AWH$ à`ËZm§ZVa Ë`m§Zr n{hë`m dYyda
nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`mMr VmarI 17 Am°JñQ> 1987 Aer
R>adbr. nwÊ`mVrb ~mbJ§Yd© a§J_§{Xam_Üò hm _oimdm Pmbm.
VrZ _{hÝ`m§À`m à`ËZm§_wio `m _oimì`mbm à{VgmX {_imbm.
nU Ë`m_Üò AZoH$ {Xdg b½Z R>aV Zgboë`m§Mr g§»`m OmñV
hmoVr. em§VrbmbOtZr n{hbm _oimdm nma nmS>Vm, Vmo CËV_ nma
nS>bm. nU n[aM` _oimì`mMr Midi doJmZo ngaÊ`gmR>r
Ë`m_Üò H$moUË`m JmoîQ>r ~Xbm`bm hì`mV `mMr gOJnUo Zm|X

47
KoVbr. `m _oimì`mZ§Va bJoMM XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr Ë`m§Zr nwT>À`m
_oimì`mMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo.
`mdoir `m _oimì`m§_Üò H$moUr gh^mJr ìhmdo `mgmR>r AQ>
R>odÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. `mdoir _oimì`mMo nÌH$ em§VrbmbOtZr
N>mnbo hmoVo. Ë`m nÌH$m_Üò _oimì`mMo {Z`_, H$moUr gh^mJr
ìhmdo `m AQ>tMm ñnîQ> CëboI H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m n[aM`
_oimì`m§Mr è{ñdVVm {VWo R>aUmè`m b½Zm§À`m g§»òda
Adb§~yZ hmoVr. Ë`m_wio em§VrbmbOtZr OmUrdnyd©H$ n[aM`
nÜXVr_Üò ~Xb H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. EImXr JmoîQ> dma§dma
Ho$ë`mZo Ë`m JmoîQ>tMo _hËËd bmoH$m§Zm nQ>Vo, Ë`mVyZ {_iUmè`m
$mX`mMr OmUrd hmoVo Am{U Ë`m_Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMr
BÀN>mhr Vrd« hmoVo. `m {Z`_mZwgma n{hë`m n[aM` _oimì`m
nmgyZ ghm _{hÝ`m_Üò em§VrbmbOtZr VrZ dYyda nmbH$
n[aM` _oimì`mMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo. _oimì`m_Üò b½Z h_Img
R>aVmV, Mm§Jbo ñWi {_iVo Am{U Amnbo H$îQ> dmMVmV hr
JmoîQ> bmoH$m§Zm nQ>br. _J _mÌ Ë`§mZm _mJo diyZ nmhmdo bmJbo
Zmhr. {d{dY nmoQ>OmVr, Y_©, Jmd, eha Aem àËòH$ àH$mamgmR>r
em§VrbmbOtZr dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` gmohù`m§Mo Am`moOZ
H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. hr dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr
Midi em§VrbmbOtZr EH$m {d{eîQ> nÜXVrZo bmoH$_mÝ` Ho$br.
dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV Am{U dmT> :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV Am{U dmT> :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV Am{U dmT> :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV Am{U dmT> :dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mr gwédmV Am{U dmT> :
_oimdm ¿omÊ`mVrb n{hbr nmàr åhUOo bmoH$m§Zm gh^mJr
hmoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma hmoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma H$aUo. `mgmR>r
em§VrbmbOtZr d¡`pŠVH$ àMmambmM _hËËd {Xbo hmoVo. bmoH$m§Zm
ñdV… ôQy>Z gm§JÊ`mMm $m`Xm hmoV Ago. Ë`m{edm` _oimì`mV
gh^mJr hmoD BpÀN>Umè`m _wbm-_wbtMr _m{hVr EH${ÌV
ñdê$nmV CnbãY AgÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
_oimì`m_Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma Agboë`m _wbm§gmR>r

48
Ë`m§Zr EH$ $m°_© V`ma Ho$bm. Ë`m_Üò _wbmMo qH$dm _wbrMo
Zmd, d`, {ejU, C§Mr, nËVm, OÝ_VmarI, $moQ>mo,
OmoS>rXmam{df`r Anojm, n[admamMr _m{hVr Aem gd© JmoîQ>tMr
_m{hVr {dMmaÊ`mV Ambobr hmoVr. `m gd© _m{hVrMr nwpñVH$mhr
V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
n[hë`m _oimì`mnmgyZM em§VrbmbOtZr _wbm§Mo Am{U _wbrMo
_oimì`mÀ`m doir B§Q>aìhçy ¿`m`bm gwédmV Ho$br. àËòH$
_wbmbm Am{U _wbrbm ñQ>oOda ~mobmdyZ em§VrbmbOr ñdV…
B§Q>aìhçy KoV AgV. _wbmbm qH$dm _wbrbm WmoS>r OwO~r _m{hVr
ñQ>oOda {dMmabr OmV Ago. Zmd,Jmd, AmdS>, {ejU Am{U
ZmVodmB©H$m§Mr _m{hVr gJù`m§g_moa {dMmaë`mZo bmoH$m§Zm
_m{hVr H$iUo gmono hmoV Ago. Ë`m{edm` _XVrbm _m{hVr
nw{ñVH$mhr hmoVrM. Ë`m_wio H$mhr doiobm EImÚm _wbmMo qH$dm
_wbrZo gm§{JVbobo ZmVodmB©H$ _m{hVrMo AmhoV Ago bjmV òB©.
bmoH$ Ë`m AmoiIrÀ`m _mUgmH$S>o Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z _J b½Z
R>adV AgV. bmoH$m§Zm CKS>nUo Am{U nQ>H$Z _m{hVr
g_Oë`mZo b½Z R>aÊ`mMo à_mU dmT>bo. n[aM` _oimdm Pmbm,
H$s em§VrbmbOr d¥ËVnÌm§Zm à{gÜXrnÌH$ H$mTy>Z _oimì`mV
R>aboë`m b½Zm§Mr g§»`m H$idV AgV. dYyda n[aM`
_oimì`m§_Üòb½ZR>aVohrJmoîQ>g_mOmn`ªVnmohmoMUoAmdí`H$
hmoVo. H$maU `m JmoîQ>rdaM _oimì`m§Mr è{ñdVVm R>aUma hmoVr.
gwédmVrbm AZoH$ _oimì`m§_ÜòM b½Z nŠH$s H$aV hmoVo.
H$mbm§VamZo em§VrbmbOtZr bmoH$m§Zm gm§JUo gwê$ Ho$bo. b½ZmÀ`m
ñWimMr _m{hVr ¿`m, Mm¡H$er H$am Am{U _JM b½Z H$am.
b½Z hm _hËËMmMm {ZU©` Amho. Voìhm KmB©JXuZo {ZU©`
¿moÊ`mMm VmoQ>m hmoD eH$Vmo. bmoH$m§Zrhr Ë`m§Mm gëbm _mZbm.
n{hbm _oimdm KoVë`mZ§Va nmR>monmR> ghm _{hÝ`mV VrZ _oimdo
da CëboI Ho$boë`m àH$mao nma nS>bo. ghm _{hÝ`m§Zr
em§VrbmbOtZr _oimdm KoÊ`mMr nÜXV ~Xbbr.

49
gwédmVrbm n[aM` _oimdm EH$ {XdgmMm Ago. nU Vmo g§nyU©
{Xdg H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m {R>H$mUrM bmoH$m§Zm amhmdo bmJV Ago.
_wbm_wbtMo B§Q>aìøy {Xdgâ MmbV AgV. Ë`m_wio g§nyU©
_hmamîQ>´mVrb {d{dY ^mJm§H$Sy>Z Amboë`m bmoH$m§Zm AmnmngmV
~mobm`bm doi {_iV Zgo. hr JmoîQ> bjmV Amë`mda
emm§VrbmbOtZr _oimì`mMm H$mbmdYr XmoZ {Xdgm§Mm Ho$bm. XmoZ
{Xdgm§À`m AdYrZo bmoH$m§Zm AmnmngmV ~mobÊ`mgmR>r ~è`mn¡H$s
doi {_im`bm bmJbm. Ë`m{edm` dYy-dam§À`m {ejUmVrb
V$mdVrMm àíZhr C^m amhV hmoVm. H$_r {eH$boë`m _wbm§Zm
OmñV {eH$bobr _wbJr MmbV Zgo. ehamVrb _wbr IoS>çm_Üò
Om`bm $maem V`ma hmoV ZgV. nmoQ>OmVrÀ`m ~mhoa b½Z
H$aÊ`mMr V`mar AZoH$m§Mr ZìhVr. {dYdm, KQ>ñ$moQ>rV, {dYya
Am{U An§J `m àH$mamVrb _wbm - _wbtÀ`m {ddmhmMr g_ñ`m
J§^ra hmoVr. `m gJù`m g_ñ`m Xya H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo.
H$maU eodQ>r `m H$m`©H«$_mMo è b½Z R>aÊ`mMr g§»`m
dmT>Ê`mda hmoVo. `m gJù`m JmoîQ>r Xya H$ê$Z n[aM`
g§_obZmMo Am`moOZ H$aUo gwê$ Pmbo.
dYy - da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`§mgmR>r IoS>o, eha, nmoQ>OmVr,
{ejU, {dYdm, {dYya, An§J Am{U KQ>ñ$moQ>rV BË`mXr `m
dJr©H$aUmÀ`mAmYmaodoJdoJù`m_oimì`m§MoAm`moOZHo$boOmVo.
`m àËòH$ àH$mamMo Am`moOZ H$aVmZm haEH$ dJm©Mr JaO
bjmV KoDZ n[aM` _oimdm Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV òVmo. CXm.
Cƒ{e{jV _wbm-_wbtgmR>rMo H$mhr n[aM` _oimdo hm°Q>ob_Üò
KoÊ`mV Ambo. CËV_ gmo`, CËV_ dmVmdaU `m JmoîQ>r_wio
_wbm_wbtZmhr _moH$ionUm dmQ>bm. {VWbo dmVmdaU, Ë`m§Zm
{Xbobr CËV_ Am{U pìhAm`nr {Q>´Q>_|Q> `m_wio Cƒ[e{jV _wbm
- _wbtZm b½Z O_dÊ`mgmR>r n[aM` _oimdm OdiMm dmQ>m`bm
bmJbm.

50
n[aM` _oimì`mVrb B§Q>aìøyÀ`m doir ñdV… em§VrbmbOr
àËòH$mer ~mobV AgV. Ë`mdoir EImXr _wbJr $ŠV ehamVrb
ñWi hd§, qH$dm EImXm _wbJm JmoarM ~m`H$mo hdr Ago åhUyZ
ASy>Z am{hbm Amho Ago {Xgbo, H$s em§VrbmbOr _wbmbm qH$dm
_wbrbmZXwImdVmàíZgmoS>dVAgV.em§VrbmbOrË`m_wbrbm
g_OmdyZ gm§Jm`Mo. AJXr nwÊ`mVrb _wbmgmR>r ASy> ZH$mog,
~K, ZJa hohr ehaM Amho Zm, {VWbm Mmbob H$m _wbJm,
_wbrbm eha åhUOo $ŠV nwUo Zìho Ago g_OmdyZ gm§Jm`Mo.
_wbrbmhr ho nQ>m`M§. Vr ZJagmR>r _mÝ`Vm Úmdr Am{U {VM§
b½Z Ë`mM _oimì`mV nŠH$ ìhm`M§hr.
Amnë`mM nmoQ>OmVrVbm _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr hdr hm hQ²>Q> _moSy>Z
H$mT>Ê`mVhr em§VrbmbOr èñdr Pmbo. ñdV…À`m nmoQ>OmVrVbm
_wbJm BVH$m {eH$bobm _wbJm {_iV Zm{hò, Va Xwgè`m
nmoQ>OmVrVbm Mmbob H$m Ago em§VrbmbOr {dMmamV AgV.
_wbJm {eH$bobm Amho, Ka Mm§Jbo Amho, _mUgo Mm§Jbr AmhoV
Va$ŠVnmoQ>OmVrgmR>rb½Zbm§~UrdaQ>mH$Ê`mMoH$maUZmhr.
hr Ë`§mMr g_OmdUr bmoH$m§Zm nQ>br hmoVr. Ë`m_wio AmVm Am§Va
- nmoQ>OmVr` {ddmhhr n[aM` _oimì`m§_Üò hmoVmV.
da CëboI Ho$boë`m àH$mam§_Üò {dYdm, {dYya Am{U
KQ>ñ$moQ>rVm§gmR>rMm n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwédmV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U Vo OZ_mZgmV ê$OdÊ`mgmR>r
em§VrbmbOtZm WmoS>o OmñV H$îQ> ¿`mdo bmJbo.
O¡Z na§namZwgma {dYdm {ddmhmbm _mÝ`Vm Zmhr. nwéf _mÌ
b½Z H$ê$ eH$Vmo, nU ~mB© Zmhr. {dYdm ~mB© H$moUË`mhr
ew^H$m`m©_Üò gh^mJ KoD eH$V Zmhr, [Vbm g_mOmV
H$moUVohr ñWmZ Zmhr Aer {dYdoMr pñWVr hmoVr. hr JmoîQ> Zì`m
H$mimZwgma ~Xbbr nm{hOo. {ñÌ`m§Zmhr OJÊ`mMm A{YH$ma
Amho. nwéfmMo b½Z Oa hmoD eH$Vo Va ñÌrMo H$m Zmhr Agm
gdmb O¡Z g_mOm_Üò gd©àW_ em§VrbmbOtZr Ho$bm. {dYya

51
Am{U KQ>ñ$moQ>rV nwéfmbm b½ZmMm Ogm hŠH$ Amho, VgmM
Vmo pñÌ`m§Zmhr {Xbm Omdm `mgmR>r em§VrbmbOtZr g§nyU©
_hmamîQ>´mV {$aVmZm {dMma _m§S>bo. {dYdmhr _mUygM AmhoV,
Ë`m§Zmhr OJÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Amho Ago gm§JV nmoQ>V{S>H$sZo
em§VrbmbOr {dYdm nwZ{d©dmhmgmR>r à`ËZ H$arV AgV.
gwédmVrbm Ë`m§À`m AmdmhZmbm $magm à{VgmX {_imbm
ZìhVm. nU em§VrbmbOtZr à`ËZ gmoS>bo ZmhrV. _J hiyhiy
bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo åhUUo nQ>m`bm bmJbo. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUOo
{dYdm, {dYya Am{U KQ>ñ$moQ>rVm§À`m n[aM` _oimì`m§Zmhr
Mm§Jbm à{VgmX {_im`bm bmJbm. O¡Z g_mOm_Üòhr
{dYdm§Mr b½Zo hmoD bmJbr. `m àH$mamVrb dYy da _oimì`mV
gm_rb hmoUmè`m {dYya ì`ŠVrÀ`m nËZrMm _¥Ë`y H$moUË`m
H$maUmZo Pmbm `mMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVbr OmVo. nwZ{d©dmh
H$ê$ BpÀN>Umè`m ì`ŠVrbm AnË` Amho H$m, Ë`mg§~§Yr H$moUë`m
Anojm AmhoV, OmoS>rXmamMo AnË`mMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maÊ`mMr
V`mar Amho H$m, {dYdm nwZ{d©dmhmgmR>r {VÀ`m gmgaMr g§_Vr
Amho H$m` `mMr ImÌr Ho$br OmVo.
Ë`mMà_mUo KQ>ñ$moQ>rV Agë`mg KQ>ñ$moQ>mMr H$m`Xoera
à{H«$`m nyU© Pmbr Amho H$s, em[aarH$ ì`§J, An§J ì`ŠVtZm
Aem àH$maMo ì`§J `mMrhr _m{hVr KoVbr OmVo. `m gJù`m§Mr
nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mH$S>o ñdV… em§VrbmbOr H$Q>mjmZo bj XoV hmoVo. hr
_m{hVr H$mJXmda CnbãY hmoV Agë`mZo BWo òUmè`m AZoH$
bmoH$m§Mo e§H$m§Mo {ZagZ Pmbobo AgVo. `mMm Cn`moJ
_oimì`m{df`r {dídmg dmT>Ê`mgmR>r Pmbm. `m {dídmgmÀ`m
OmoamdaM em§VrbmbOtZrM {dYdm {ddmhmgmaIr àdmhmÀ`m
{dêÜX Agbobr JmoîQ> gmÜ` Ho$br. dYyda n[aM` nmbH$ _oimdo
O¡Z g_mOm_Üò ~è`mn¡H$s ê$ibo AmhoV. _oimì`m_§Üò b½Z

52
R>aÊ`mMo à_mU Ogo dmT>m`bm bmJbo, Vgo ~mH$sÀ`m OmVr
Y_mª_Üòhr n[aM` _oimdm ämadÊ`mMr H$ënZm nwT>o Ambr.
Ë`mZwgmag§nyU©_hmamîQ>—mVàMmaHo$bmJobm._mhoídarg_mOmZo
nwT>mH$ma KoV _oimì`mMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo. H$mbm§VamZo gJù`mM
OmVt_Üò dYyda _oimdo hmoD bmJbo.
dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwgyÌ nÜXV :dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwgyÌ nÜXV :dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwgyÌ nÜXV :dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwgyÌ nÜXV :dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm KoÊ`mMr gwgyÌ nÜXV :
dYy -da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdo Mm§Jë`m àH$mao nma nS>mdoV
`mgmR>r `m gJù`m H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm em§VrbmbOr§Zr
{dMmanyd©H$ AmIbobr Amho. _oimdo H$moUr Am`mo{OV H$amdo,
H$emàH$mao , H$moR>o Am{U H$Yr H$amdoV, Am{W©H$ {Z`moOZ H$go
Agmdo, _oimì`mÀ`m VmaIm, Ë`mV gh^mJr bmoH$m§Mr g§»`m,
Ë`m§À`m gmo~V H$moUr `mdo, $s {H$Vr, n[aM` nwpñVHo$Mo {dVaU,
amhmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm `mg§~§Yr {dñV¥V _mJ©Xe©Z em§VrbmbOr§Zr
Ho$bobo Amho. _oimdo èñdr H$m Pmbo Vo g_OÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
{Xbobr _mJ©Xe©H$ VËËdo g_OmdyZ KoUo _hËËdmMo R>aVo.
em§VrbmbOr§Zr n[aM` _oimì`m§Mo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$bo AmhoV.
Ë`m_Üò H$moUr gh^mJr ìhmdo `m g§~§Yr {Z`_ Ho$bobo AmhoV.
gÜ`m hmoUmè`m O¡Z dYy-da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`m§Mo CnàH$ma
1. Amogdmb g_mO CÀÀmnXdrYa Am{U Ë`mnojm OmñV pímjU
Agbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.
2. Amogdmb g_mO nXdrYa, nX{dH$mYmaH$ qH$dm VËg_
pímjU KoVbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.
3. {XJ§~a n§Ïm CÀÀmnXdrYa Am{U Ë`mnojm OmñV pímjU
Agbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.
4. {XJ§~a n§Ïm nXdrYa, nX{dH$mYmaH$ qH$dm VËg_ pímjU
KoVbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.

53
5. JwOamWr {H$§dm _§{Xa_mJu n§ÏmmVrb CÀÀmnXdrYa Am{U
Ë`mnojm OmñV pímjU Agbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.
6. JwOamWr {H$§dm _§{Xa_mJu n§ÏmmVrb nXdrYa, nX{dH$mYmaH$
qH$dm VËg_ pímjU KoVbobo `wdH$-`wdVr.
7. Amogdmb g_mOmVrb O¡Z `wdH$-`wdVr.
8. O¡Z g_mOmVrb {dYdm, {dYya, An§J Am{U KQ>ñ$moQ>rV.
CÀÀm{ím{jV dÜmyda nmbH$ _oimì`m§V H$moUr gh^mJr ìhmdo
`mg§~§Yr ñnîQ> {ZH$f Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo AmhoV. CÀÀm{ím{jV
dYydam§À`m _oimì`m§_Üò _wbm§Zr {H$_mZ nXì`wËVa nXdr [H§$dm
grE, dH$sb, B§{OZrA[aöJ, ~r.$m_©gr BË`mXr, nXdr Z§VaMo
{S>ßbmo_m {_idbobr AgUo Ano{jV Amho. Va _wbtZr ~r.H$m°_,
~rE [H§$dm g_H$j nXdr, B§{OZrA[aöJ, d[H$brMo {ejU,[H§$dm
~mamdrZ§Va hm°Q>ob _°ZoO_|Q>,°$eZ {S>PmBqZJ, hm°pñnQ>b
_°ZoO_|Q> BË`mXr {ejU KoVbobo Agmdo. n[aM` _oimì`m§gmR>r
$m°_© ^ê$Z KoVmZm da CëboI Ho$bobo {ZH$f VnmgyZ àdoe
{Xbm OmVmo.
g§»`m-_oimì`m_Üò {H$Vr OUm§Zm àdoe Úm`Mm `mda
g§`moOH$m§Zr Am`moOZmMm AmT>mdm KoDZ _`m©Xm KmbÊ`mMr
gyMZm Ho$bobr Amho. _moR>`m g§»òZo _wbo _wbr AgVrb Va
CÀÀm{ím{jV _wbo _oimì`m§Zm hOa amhmÊ`mg AZwHy$b ZgVmV
Ago em§VrbmbOtZm AmT>ië`mZo Ë`m§Zr g§»`m _`m©{XV
H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm.
_`m©{XV bmoH$m§Zm àdoe-_wbmMo AWdm _wbrÀ`m $ŠV XmoZ
nmbH$m§ZmM _oimì`mÀ`m {R>H$mÊmr àdoe XoÊ`mMr gyMZm Ho$bobr
Amho. Am`moOZ g{_VrZo H$moUË`mhr X~mdmbm, AmoiI,
ñZohg§~§Y, ÁòîR>Vm BË`mXr JmoîQ>tZm ~ir Z nS>Vm, `m _`m©XoMo
H$mQ>oH$moa nmbZ H$am`Mo Amho. dYy-dam§À`m nmbH$m§{edm`
ZmVodmB©H$m§Mr JXu Pmë`mg _yi CÔoe gmÜ` hmoUma Zmhr,

54
AZmdí`H$ JXu_wio g§`moOZmg AS>Wimhr hmoD eH$Vmo. `mMm
{dMma H$ê$Z hm {Z`_ H$Q>mjmZo nmibm OmVmo.
_wbJm [H§$dm _wbrÀ`m AZwnpñWVr_Üò nmbH$m§Zr Cn{ñWV
amhmUo-_wbmbm qH$dm _wbrbm òUo A{O~mV AeŠ`
Agë`mpímdm` EH$Q>çm nmbH$m§Zm òÊ`mMr nadmZJr {Xbr OmV
Zmhr. H$maU _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr àË`j hOa AgUo hr dYy-
da nmbH$ n[aM`mMr _w»` AQ> Amho.
~m`moS>mQ>m~wH$Mo_`m©{XV{dVaU-hrnwpñVH$m$ŠV_oimì`mVrb
gh^mJr bmoH$m§ZmM XoÊ`mV òVo. Ho$di `m nwpñVHo$gmR>r òUmè`m
bmoH$m§da dMH$ ~gmdm `mgmR>r hm {Z`_ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
dYy dam§Mr g§nyU© _m{hVr nwpñVHo$V KoÊ`mH$S>o bj {Xbo OmVo.
àdoe ewëH$-gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoV}$
n[aM` _oimì`m§gmR>r H$moUVohr ewëH$ AmH$maÊ`mV òV ZìhVo.
nU Ë`mZ§Va _mÌ AZoH$ H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm dmQy> bmJbo, H$s
H$m`©H«$_mMm {H$_mZ IM© Var ¿`m`bm hdm. `m_wio g§KQ>Zobm
H$moUVmhr doJim IM© `m H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r H$amdm bmJUma Zmhr.
Ë`m{edm` AZoH$ nmbH$m§Zrhr XmoZ doiMo OodU, amhUo `m JmoîQ>r
_mo$V KoUo ZH$mo dmQ>Vo Ago gm§{JVbo.
à{gÕr Amm[U àMma - _oimdm èñdr hmoÊ`mgmR>r dV©_mZnÌo,
O¡Z _m{gHo$, Om{hamVr_YyZ _oimì`mMr à{gÕr Ho$br OmVo.
`mgmR>r g§`moOZ g{_Vr EImXm àm`moOH$hr Zo_y eH$Vo.
g§`moOZg{_Vr-H$m`©H«$_mÀ`mg§`moOZg{_VrMrñWmnZmHo$br
OmVo. `m_Üò ghm Vo gmV ì`ŠVtMm g_mdoe hmoD$ eH$Vmo. `m
gJù`m bmoH$m§Mr Zmdo, $moZ Z§~a, nËVo, ~m`moS>oQ>m-_m{hVr
nwpñVHo$_Üò ñdV§Ì nmZmda XoÊ`mV òVmV. Ë`m{edm` dYy-da
_oimdm nma nS>ë`mda Am{W©H$ ~m~tMm {heo~ g{_Vrbm Úmdm
bmJVmo.

55
B§Q>aìøy-hr _wbmIV KoVmZm _wbmbm qH$dm _wbrbm AS>MUrMo
dmQ>Vrb Ago àíZ {dMmabo OmV ZmhrV. g_moaÀ`m àojH$m§Zm
_wbmMr {H$§dm _wbrMr OwO~r _m{hVr ìhmdr Am{U ñQ>oOdaÀ`m
_wbmZo qH$dm _wbrZo ~mobmdo BVH$mM CÔoe `m _wbmIVrMm Amho.
Ë`mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoV Zmhrò Zm Vo nm{hbo OmVo. C_oXdmamMo H$mhr
d¡{eîQ²>ç Agë`mg Ë`mMmhr Omhra CëboI H$ê$Z H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo
OmVo. 1987 Vo 2000 gmbmn`©V ñdV… em§VrbmbOr B§Q>aìøy
KoV AgV. _mÌ, 2000 gmbmZ§Va n«w$ëbOr nmaI B§Q>aìøy
KoVmV.
hr _m[hVr dmMyZ Vw_À`m bjmV Ambo AgobM, H$s {H$Vr
~marH$gmarH$ JmoîQ>tMm {dMma H$ê$Z e§mVrbmbOtZr
H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUr Ho$br Amho. àËòH$ JmoîQ>tMr gwñnîQ>
ê$naoIm H$m`©H$Ë`m§©Zm {_imbr. Ë`m_wio JmdmoJmdr Am`moOZ
H$aVmZm Ë`m§Zm H$moÊmVrhr AS>MU Ambr Zmhr. hr JmoîQ>hr dYyda
n[aM` _oimì`mÀ`m {hVmMr R>abr. gw{Z`moOZm_wio nmbH$
Am{U _wbm§Zr _oimì`mMr àe§gm Ho$br, Am{U Ë`m_wio AZoH$OU
`m_Üò gh^mJr Pmbo.
n{hë`m nmë`mgmR>r Ambobo nmbH$ Xwgè`m _wbmgmR>r [H$§dm
_wbrgmR>r _oimì`mV gm_rb Pmbo. AW©mV em§VrbmbOr§Zm hrM
JmoîQ> AnopúmV hmoVr. AmO `m dYyda nmbH$ n[aM` _oimì`mMr
Am`moOZmMr KS>r ~gbr Amho. AZoH$m§Mr b½Z `m _oimì`mV
O_br AmhoV Am{U Pmbr AmhoV. Ë`m OmoS>ß`m§Mm, Ë`m§À`m
Hw$Qw>§>~r`m§MmAmZ§XnmhÿZem§VrbmbOr§À`mMohè`mdag_mYmZmMo
ngaVo. nU EH$ Midi èñdr Pmbr, Ë`mMr KS>r ~gbr
åhUyZ {Zdm§V ~gUmè`mVbo em§VrbmbOr ZmhrV. gm_w{hH$
{ddmh gmohim, dYy-da nmbH$ n[aM` _oimdm `m H$m`©H«$_m§À`m
{Z{_ËVmZo Ho$boë`m ^«_§Vr_YyZ Aënd`rZ _wbtMr $gdUyH$

56
_moR>çm à_mUmda hmoV Agë`mMo Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo. H$Yr
Jßnm§À`m ~¡R>H$s¨_YyZ Ë`m§À`m H$mZmda `m`Mo, “Aao A_wH$
`m§Mr _wbJr niyZ Jobr. _wbmMo KamUo _m{hV Zmhr Am{U
_wbJm ÜmS> ZmoH$arhr H$aV Zmhr.” Á`m KamV AmnU OÝ_bmo,
dmT>bmo, Á`m AmB© d{S>bm§Zr _wbrbm n«o_ {Xb§, `mMm {dMma Z
H$aVm _wbJr Kam~mhoa nS>Vo. Ag§ H$m? hm àíZ em§VrbmbOr§À`m
_ZmV qnJm Kmbm`bm bmJbm. b½ZmgmR>r Agbobr “AR>am
df} nyU©” hr d`mMr AQ> nyU© Pmë`mda Ë`m _wbrbm KamVë`m§nojm
EImÚm naŠ`m _wbmda {dídmg R>odmdm Ago H$m dmQ>Vo.
KamVë`m§Zm {dídmgmV Z KoVm Vr niyZ OmÊ`mM§ YmS>g H$aVo.
ho YmS>g {VÀ`mV òV§ Hw$Ry>Z Am{U H$g§? Á`m _wbmMm hmV Yê$Z
_wbJr niyZ OmVo, Vmo _wbJm Mm§Jbm AgVmoM Ago Zmhr,
JmS>rdaMm S>—m`ìha, KamVë`m ì`dgm`m_Üò H$m_mbm Agbobm
EImXm H$m_Jma _wbJm, eoOmaÀ`m dñVr {H$§dm MmirVbm
EImXm Jw§S> [H$§dm Q>nmoar _wbJm Aer Ë`mMr AmoiI AgVo.
Aem niyZ Joboë`m _wbtÀ`m nXar Z§Va dmñVdmVbo {ZImao
òVmV. b½ZmAmYrÀ`m JmoS> JmoîQ>r ~mobUmè`m Zdè`mMo Iao
ê$n _wbrbm g_OVo. nU Vmoda doi {ZKyZ Jobobr AgVo. Ago
b½Z _wbtZm $gdÊmwH$sÀ`m ImB©VM bmoQ>Umao R>aVo.
Ë`m{edm` VéU dJm©_Üò ì`gZm§Mo à_mUhr dmT>Vo {XgyZ òV
hmoVo. ~oXaH$ma d¥ËVrZo dmJUmao VéU-VéUr nmhÿZ em§VrbmbOr
AñdñW hmoV hmoVo.
Ogo Ogo em§VrbmbOr `m g_ñòMm {dMma H$aV hmoVo, Vgo Vgo
Ë`m§Zm g_ñòÀ`m _wimer Agbobr AZoH$ H$maUo {XgyZ òV
hmoVr. `m gJù`m g_ñòMm {dMma H$aVmZm Ë`m§Zr {d{dY
àH$maMr _m{hVr {_i{dbr. Ë`m_Üò A_o[aHo$À`m EH$m g§ñWoZo
`wdH$-`wdVt_Yrb g_ñ`m§Mm Aä`mgmMr _m{hVr Ë`m§Zm

57
{_imbr. 1997 _Üò EH$ gìh} Ho$bm Jobm. Ë`m gìh}Zwgma
OJmVrb 10 Q>ŠHo$ _wbo ~§XyH$ Odi ~miJVmV. 27 Q>ŠHo$ _wbo
Zoh_r {gJaoQ> AmoT>VmV. 21 Q>ŠHo$ _wbm§Mm emar[aH$ g§~§Y
AgVmo. 7 Q>ŠHo$ _wbm§Zr AmË_hËòMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm Amho. gw_mao
26 Q>ŠHo$ _wbo ì`gZmYrZ AmhoV Am{U 50 Q>ŠŠ`m§nojm OmñV
_wbm_wbtZr XméMr Md KoVbobr Amho. hr AmH$S>odmar ^`§H$a
hmoVr. _J em§VrbmbOtÀ`m bjmV Ambo, H$s ^maVmMr
dmQ>Mmbhr `mM {XímoZo Mmby Amho. ^mdZm {ddmh hmoÊ`m_mJohr
hr H$maUo AmhoVM. ^mdZm {ddmhm_mJo _mZ{gH$ H$UIanUm
ZgUo ho Ë`m§Vrb _hÎdmMo H$maU hmoVo.
^mdZm {ddmhmVwZ dmQ>çmbm òUmar $gdUyH$ `m gJù`m§À`m
_mJo, Agboë`m H$maUm§Vrb EH$ _hÎdmMo H$maU åhUOo O¡Z
g_mOm_Üò KamVrb A{Ve` H$S>H$ dmVmdaU AgVo. KamVbr
nwéf_mUgo¿mam_ÜònaVAmbr._wbtdaAZoH$~§YZobmXbobr
AgVmV. d{S>bm§Mm g§dmX OdiOdi ZmhrM Aímr n[apñWVr
KamoKar AgVo. Ë`m_wio `m X~boë`m dmVmdaUmV naŠ`m
_wbmÀ`m ào_mÀ`m JmoîQ>r Ë`m _wbrbm, »mè`m dmQ>m`bm bmJboë`m
AgVmV. KamVë`m VUmdnyU© dmVmdaUmnojm `m _wbmgmo~V
Jobmo, Va Amnë`mbm AJXr Ia§ ào_ {_iob Agm _wbrMm
nŠH$m(J¡a) g_O hmoVmo. _J Ë`m _wbmÀ`m {ejUmMm, Am{W©H$
~m~tMm, ¿mamMm {dMma Z H$aVm Vr _wbmgmo~V niyZ Om`bm
V`ma hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` {gZo_m Am{U Q>rìhrMm O~aXñV à^md
_wbtda AgVmo. Q>rìhr-{gZo_mMr Xw{Z`m bmO©a X°Z bmB$ AgVo
nU [aA°{bQ>r Am°$ bmB$ Zmhr hr JmoîQ> _wbtZm C_OVM
Zmhr. {gZo_mV Zmhr H$m EImXm Jar~ _wbJm Am{U lr_§V
_wbJr `m§Mo b½Z hmoVo, Vo Zmhr H$m n[apñWVrer PJS>V nwT>o

58
òVmV, _J àË`jmVhr hr JmoîQ> hmoD eH$Vo Agm _wbtMm nŠH$m
g_O AgVmo.. _J dmñVd Am{U nS>ÚmdaM§ {MÌ Ë`m§Zm
g_OVo. Ë`mMr ì`gZ§, Agä` ^mfm, {VÀ`mímr ào_mZo Va
gmoS>mM, nU {eì`m§pímdm` Vmo _wbJm ~moboZmgm hmoVmo. _wbrbm
_mhoaMr dmQ> nH$S>ë`m{edm` _mJ© Cabobm ZgVmo. H$mhr gwX¡dr
_wbtZm _mhoar d{S>b, ^mD Aml` XoVmV. {VÀ`m Am`wî`mbm
nwÝhm ZrQ> diU XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm OmVmo. nU H$mhr _wbtÀ`m
dmQ>çmbm _mÌ Vo gwX¡d òV Zmhr. niyZ OmVmZm Am_Mm {dMma
Ho$bm ZìhVmg Zm, _J AmËVmhr Vwbm Am_M§ Xma ~§XM Amho
Ago gm§JyZ nmbH$hr {VÀ`mH$S>o nmR> {$adVmV. ho Ago {MÌ
WmoS>çm $ma à_mÊmmV gJù`m g_mOmV {XgyZ òVo.
ho gmao {MÌ ~XbÊ`mgmR>r em§VrbmbOtZr n«`ËZ gwê$ Ho$bo.
em§VrbmbOr åhUVmV, b½Z H$moUr H$moUmer H$amdo hm Á`mMm
Ë`mMm d¡`pŠVH$ àíZ Amho. nU b½ZmMm _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr
{ZdS>VmZm, Vr ì`ŠVr gdm©Wm©Zo Amnë`m Am`wî`mMr AZwê$n
OmoS>rXma Agob `mMm {dMma H$ê$ZM {ZdS>mdr.
_wbJm {H§$dm _wbJr MwH$sÀ`m dmQ>oda OmD ZòV `mgmR>r AmnU
Ë`m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m d`mnmgyZM _mJ©Xe©H$ ~Zm`bm hdo.
Ë`m{edm` ì`gZm§Mm {diIm nSy> Zò `mgmR>rhr _ZmMm
H$UIanUm dmT>m`bm hdm. Ë`mgmR>r n«`ËZ H$aUo JaOoMo hmoVo.
em§VrbmbOr _mJ©Xe©H$ ìhm`bm hdo Ago ZwgVo åhUyZ Wm§~bo
ZmhrV. em§VrbmbOr§Zr ñdV… `m {df`mda H$m_ H$am`bm
gwédmV Ho$br. “nmbH$m§Zr _wbter g§dmX gmYbm nm{hOo,
Kam_Üò _moH$io dmVmdaU Rodbo nm{hOo, {nT>rVrb A§Va H$_r
H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo nm{hOo, X~boë`m dmVmdaUmMm {dn[aV
n{aUm_, Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~mda hmoVmo `mMr OmUrd R>odyZ KamVbm

59
ghg§dmX dmT>dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$obm nm{hOo” Ago em§VrbmbOr
Ë`m§À`m ^mfUmVyZ gm§Jy bmJbo. nmbH$m§Zr _wbtÀ`m {hVmMm
{dMma H$aUo MwH$sMo Zmhr. Ë`mM~amo~a nU Ë`mgmR>r H$m`_
Amnë`m _ZmVë`mM JmoîQ>r _wbrda bmXUo Mm§Jbo Zmhr, _wbtZm
ñdV…À`m {hVmÀ`m JmoîQ>r g_Omì`mV. H$UIanUm `mdm
`mgmR>r nmbH$m§Zr à`ËZ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
_J bmoH$m§Zm `m JmoîQ>r§Mo _hÎd g_Omdo. nU AZoH$m§Zm hr
JmoîQ> eŠ` hmoV Zmhr `mgmR>r em§VrbmbOtZr OZOmJ¥VrMm
H$m`©H«$_ H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. H$mhr doim em§VrbmbOr
A{Ve` H$S>H$ eãXm§_Üò ~mobV AgV nU bmoH$m§_Üò OmJ¥Vr
ìhmdr `mgmR>r Vo JaOoMo, _wbtZm ñd{hV H$imdo, ào_ {ddmhmda
~mobVmZm Ë`m§À`m eãXm§Zm Mm§JbrM Yma òVo. Ë`m§Mm n«o_
{ddmhmbm {damoY Zmhr nU ^mdZm {ddmhm§Zm Amho. AR>amì`m
dfu H$m`ÚmZo _mÝ`Vm {_iVo åhUyZ b½Z H$aVm òVo. nU
b½ZmMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mMr j_Vm AR>amì`m dfm©Vë`m _wbtZm
Am{U _wbm§Zmhr ZgVo, ào_ H$am`Mo, Va S>moignUo H$am.
ào_mbmhr nmaIyZ ¿`m`bm hdo.
Ë`m ào_mVyZ Am`wî`mMm IoiI§S>mo~m hmoUma Zmhr `mMr ImÌr
Agob VaM nwT>o Om. AWm©V no«_mV nS>Ê`mMo `mo½` d` AR>am
df} Zmhr. Ago em§VrbmbOtMo naIS> _V Amho. _wbtZm ^mdZm
{ddmhmMo nmDb CMbÊ`mnmgyZ amoIÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr 1995 À`m
MmVw_m©gmV ì`mgnrR>mdê$Z ~mobm`Mo R>adbo. Á`mdfuÀ`m
MmVw_m©gmV {à{VgwYmOr _hmgVrOtH$S>o nadmZJr _m{JVbr.
_hmgVrOt nadmZJr {_imë`mda AmË_narjU ì`m»`mZ
XoÊ`mMo em§VrbmbOtZr {ZpíMV Ho$boë`mZwgma MmVw_m©gmVrb
Xa EH$ VmgmÀ`m `m e{Zdmar amÌr AmR> dmOVmMr doi
em§VrbmbOtZr ì`m»`mZmgmR>r {ZdS>br.

60
ì`m»`mZ_mbobm gw_mao Xhm hOma lmoVo O_bo.hr _§S>ir $ŠV
nwUoH$a ZìhVr, Va nwÊ`mÀ`m AmgnmgÀ`m AZoH$ Jmdm§_YyZ
Ambobo bmoH$ `mV hmoVo. »mMmIM âboë`m `m gämmJ¥hm_Üò
_[hbmAm{U_wbtMon«_mUbjUr`hmoVo.ì`m»`mZmMrgwédmV
OmD Zò `mgmR>r ì`m»`mZ gwê$ ìhm`À`m AmYr nmM Vo Xhm
{_{ZQ>o bmoH$ òV AgV. ì`m»`mZmZ§Va àíZmoËVam§Mm H$m`©H«$_
hmoV Ago. Ë`m àíZmoËVam§_YyZ AZoH$ JmoîQ>r àW_M bmoH$m§Zr
_moH$ionUmZo {dMmaë`m. `m g_ñòda _moH$ionUmZo g§dmX gwê$
Pmbm. H$moUVrhr g_ñ`m gmoS>dm`Mr Agob, Va Vr
gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r _wimVyZM à`ËZ Ho$bo nm{hOoV. Vr g_ñ`m
gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r gJù`m g_mOmbm gmo~V KoDZ Mmbbo nm{hOo.
g_mOmVrb VimJmimVrb bmoH$m§Zmhr Ë`mVM gm_mdyZ KoVbo
VaM Ë`m g_ñòbm CËVa gmnS>Vo Agm em§VrbmbOtMm AZw^d
hmoVm. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zr ì`m»`mZ_mbo_YyZ {dMma _m§S>Ê`mbm
àmYmÝ` {Xbo hmoVo.
ì`m»`mZ_mboVrb {dMma bmoH$m§Zm AmdS>ë`mMr ImÌr
em§VrbmbOtZm hmoVr. nU Vw_Mo åhUUo bmoH$m§Zm nQ>dyZ Úm`Mo
Agob Va Vwåhmbm {H$_mZ n§Yam Vo drg df} {MH$mQ>rZo H$m_
H$amdo bmJVo. `m JmoîQ>tMrhr Ë`m§Zm nyU© H$ënZm hmoVr.
H$m`_ñdê$nr H$moUVm Cnm` H$amdm `mMm Vo emoY KoV hmoVo.
_wbtZm gOJ H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`_gmR>rMm Am{U Ë`m§Zm AmdS>ob
Agm Cn`m H$aVm òB©b `mMr Ë`m§Zr MmMnUr gwê$ Ho$br hmoVr.
_wbtZm gOJ Am{U gj_ hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$mC§goqbJ Am{U
WmoS>çmem _moH$ù`m dmVmdaUmMr JaO AgVo. ho
em§VrbmbOtÀ`m bjmV Ambo hmoVo. Ago dmVmdaU {_imbo, Va
_wbtZm Ë`m§À`m ~è`m dmB©Q> JmoîQ>r nQ>H$Z g_OVmV. `mM
JmoîQ>rMm $m`Xm KoÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zr R>adbo. em§VrbmbOtZr

61
Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© `m H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUr Ho$br. `m_Ü`o
gmoim Vo Mmodrg d`mVë`m _wbtZm gh^mJr hmoVm `oUma hmoVo.
_wbtÀ`m gj_ ^{dî`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm ~i XoUmam hm H$m`©H«$_
em§VrbmbOtZr ñdV… AmIbm Am{U ¿`m`bm gwédmV Ho$br.

62
6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©6. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg©
gmoim Vo Mmodrg dfmªÀ`m _wbtZm ñdV…Mr j_Vm g_Omdr
^md{ZH$ÔîQ²>`m, ñdV…Mo {hV g_Omdo, EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVrb
AmìhmZm§Zm R>m_nUo gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r _wbr, H$UIa ìhmì`mV,
H$UIa H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo Ë`m§Zr H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUr Ho$br.
gwédmVrbm gmoim {Xdg, amoO XmoZ Vmg Ago H$m`©H«$_mMo ñdê$n
hmoVo. `m H$mog©_Ybo XmoZ {Xdg nmbH$m§Zmhr ~mobmdÊ`mMo
em§VrbmbOtZr R>adbo. H$maU _wbtZm dmT>dÊ`mMm gJù`mV
OmñV gh^mJ nmbH$m§Mm AgVmo. `m {e{~ambm _wbtÀ`m
nmbH$m§Mmhr ^anya à{VgmX {_imbm. `m {e{~amMr Ywam
àw$ëbOr nmaI gm§^mim`bm bmJbo. `m {e{~amMr _mJUr
dmT>m`bm bmJë`mda _J em§VrbmbOtZr n«{eúmH$m§Mr Zo_UyH$
H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. nU `m {e{~amMo à{ejH$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r
à{ejU ¿`mdo bmJVo.
{e{~amÀmm CÔoím, _m§S>Ur, ghämmJr bmooH$m§er dmJÊ`mMr nÜXV,
{XdgmMm H$m`©H$«_ `m gJù`mMr {eñV~ÜX {eH$dU à{ejH$
H$m`©H$Ë`m©bm {Xbr OmVo. _wbtÀ`m dmT>Ë`m à{VgmXmZ§Va

63
em§VrbmbOtZr {e{~amÀ`m H$mbmdYr_Üò ~Xb Ho$bm. VrZ
{Xdgm§Mo {Zdmgr {e[~a ¿moÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zr R>adbo. `m VrZ
{Xdgm§À`m {e{~ambmhr _wbtMm CËV_ à{VgmX {_imbm. _wbr§Zm
ho {e[~a,Ë`mV KoVbo OmUmao H$m`©H«$_ _ZmnmgyZ AmdS>bo,
H$maU Vo Ë`m§À`m OJÊ`mbm gmdaUmao hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` EH$
_w»` H$maU Ë`m_mJo Amho, Vo åhUOo, `m H$m`©H«$_m§VJ©V hmoUmao
H$m`©H«$_, KoUmao H$m`©H$V} AË`§V {eñV~ÜX AmhoV.
OJm`M§ H$g§, H$moUË`m àH$mao, _mohmMo jU Ambo, H$s H$m`
{dMma H$am`Mm, ñdV…À`m j_Vm H$em dmnam`À`m `m gJù`m
{df`r BWo ~mobb§ OmV§ Am{U _wbtZmhr ~mobm`bm {Xb§ OmV§.
ì`ŠV hmoD XoÊ`mMr hr à{H«$`mM _wbtÀ`m n§ImV ~i XoUmar
R>aVo Amho.
Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm Am{U ñdê$nEånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm Am{U ñdê$nEånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm Am{U ñdê$nEånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm Am{U ñdê$nEånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm Am{U ñdê$n
{e{~amÀ`m V`marMr gwédmV {e{~amÀmr VmarI {ZpíMV
H$aÊ`mnmgyZ hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r BAmoOr H$m`©H«$_mMr _m{hVr XoUmam
H$m`©H«$_ gwédmVrbm KoVbm OmVmo. à{ejH$ H$m`©H$Ë`m©À`m
CnbãY VmaIm§Mr {dMmaUm Ho$br OmVo. Ë`mÀ`m CnbãYVoZwgma
gmYmaU XmoZ Vo VrZ AmR>dS>çm§Z§VaMr VmarI {ZpíMV H$ê$Z
V`mar H$am`bm gwédmV hmoVo. `m _m[hVr H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r
_Ü`dVu ^mJm_Yrb EImXm hm°b {ZpíMV Ho$bm OmVmo.
hm hm°b gJù`m§Zm gmo`rMm Agob, OmÊ`m òÊ`mgmR>r $magm
ÌmgXm`H$ qH$dm ehamÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm ZgÊ`mH$S>o H$Q>mjmZo
bj {Xbo OmVo. hm°b_Üò {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMr gmo`, _mBH$,
Bbo[ŠQ>—{gQ>rMrgmo`,H$m`©H«$_mÀ`mnyduH$m`_Agë`mMrImÌr
Ho$br OmVo. H$m`©H«$_mMo {ZdoXZ ñWm{ZH$ d¥ËVnÌmbm {Xbo OmVo.
Ë`m_wio OdinmgÀ`m AZoH$ Jmdm§_Üò `m {e{~amMr _m{hVr
bmoH$m§Zm {_iVo. Ë`m{edm` AmgnmgÀ`m ^maVr` O¡Z

64
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m g^mgXm§Zm _wbtZm `m H$m`©H«$_mbm nmR>dÊ`mMr
{dZ§Vr H$aUmao nÌ nmR>dbo OmVo.
AmVm Va EgE_Eg, B©_obMmhr dmna `m H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r Ho$bm
OmVmo. _m{hVr H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AmYr gmV {Xdg Am{U àË`j
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder EgE_Eg Ho$bo OmVmV. àË`j
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m {Xder _mBH$, [dOoMr OmoS>Ur, EbgrS>r àmoOoŠQ>a
MmbVmo Amho H$m, g§JUH$ gwê$ H$aÊ`mV H$mhr AS>MUr òV
ZmhròV Zm `m JmoîQ>r VnmgyZ H$m`©H«$_ doioda gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
em§VrbmbOtMm AmJ«h AgVmo. Vo ñdV… AgmoV qH$dm à{ejH$
H$m`©H$V}, H$m`©H«$_mMr doi nmibrM nm{hOo Agm Ë`m§Mm {Z`_
Amho. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`mdoir AZoH$OU àË`j {e{~amgmR>r
ZmdZm|XUr H$aV Agë`mZo ZmdZm§XUrMo AO©hr _m{hVr
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`mdoir CnbãY Ho$bo OmVmV. Á`m _wbtZm AO©
âm`MoAmhoV,Ë`m§À`mH$S>yZAO©^ê$ZKoVboOmVmV.AZoH$s¨Zm
`m {e[~amMm bm^ ìhmdm `m hoVyZo _wbtZm Ë`m§Zr Ë`§mÀ`m
_¡{ÌUr§Zmhr KoD Z `mdo Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$br OmVo. _wbtZm Zm|XUr
g§»òZwgma à{ejH$m§Mr g§»`m R>aVo. EH$mnojm A{YH$
à{ejH$mMr JaO Agë`mg Ë`mà_mUo à{ejH$m§Zm
~mobmdÊ`mV òVo. àË`úm Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© `m {e{~amMr
AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoUmao nÌ, EgE_Eg Ho$bm OmVmo. àË`j
Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© `m {e{~amgmR>r òUmè`m _wbtMr g§»`m
{ZpíMV Pmbr H$s {e{~amVrb gh^mJr _wbtMr gd© _m[hVr
Am{U {e{~amÀ`m BVa Vn{ebmMr _m{hVr ^maVr` O¡Z
g§¿mQ>ZoÀ`m _w»` H$m`m©b`mbm Am{U {e{~a {OWo Agob
{VWë`m _w»` H$m`m©b`mV H$idmdr bmJVo.
BVHo$ {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z AmIÊ`mV Amboë`m {e{~am§_Üò
H$moUVrhr JS>~S>, Jm§oYi hmoUo {Zìdi AímŠ` JmoîQ> Amho.

65
{e{~amÀ`mVrZhr{Xdgm§MrAmIUrAerMH$mQ>oH$moanUoHo$bobr
Amho. Ë`mV ~marH$gmarH$ JmoîQ>tMr XIb KoDZ, _wbtZm AmdS>ob
Am{U H$§Q>mim òUma Zmhr Aímm nÜXVrZo {XdgmMr X¡Z§{XZr
AmIÊ`mV Ambr Amho. {e{~amMr V`mar XmoZ nmVirda hmoVo.
EH$ àË`j {e{~amÀ`m {R>H$mUr Amdí`H$ Agboë`m JmoîQ>tMr
V`mar Am{U Xwgar g§KQ>Zm nmVirdarb V`mar. g§KQ>Zm
nmVirdarbV`marV{e{~amÀ`mVmaIoMr{ZpíMVrH$aUoAm{U
Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m {Xder à{ejH$m§Mr CnbãYVm R>odUo hr _hËËdmMr
V`mar òVo. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m `m [e{~am§À`m à{ejH$m§er
g§nH©$ gmYyZ VmaI§mMr {Z[íMVr Ho$br OmVo. {e{~amgmR>r
bmJÊmmao gm{hË` V`ma Ho$bo OmVo.
H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m àË`j V`marV AZoH$ _hËËdmÀ`m JmoîQ>tMm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. _m{hVr {e{~amà_mUoM `m àË`j [e{~amÀ`m
H$m`©H«$_mMr AmIUrhr H$m`©H«$_mgmR>rMr OmJm emoYÊ`mnmgyZ
gwê$ hmoVo. ho {e{~a {Zdmgr Agë`mZo amhmÊ`mMr OmJm H$er
nm{hOo `m g§~§Yr em§VrbmbOtZr ñnîQ> gyMZm H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm
{Xboë`m AmhoV. Eånm°da_|Q> Am°$ Jëg© ho {Zdmgr Agë`mZo
Ë`mgmR>r eham~mhoaMr nU {ZdmgmgmR>r gwa{jV Aer OmJm
{Z{íMV H$aÊ`mMr gyMZm em§VrbmbOtZr Ho$bobr Amho.
Ë`m{edm` amhÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo OmJm ñdÀN> Am{U gmo`rgw{dYm§Zr
`wŠV Ag`bm hdr. àËòH$ ~°M_Üò OmñVrV OmñV nñVrg
_wbtMm g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo.
gmYmaUnUo J«wn {S>ñH$eZgmR>r 150 _wbr EH$Ì òÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm AgVo. Voìhm Jw«n {S>ñH$eZgmR>r gw_mao 150 _wbr EH$m
{R>H$mUr ~gVrb Agm hm°b AgÊmmè`m {R>H$mUr {e{~a KoVbo
OmVo. eŠ` Agë`mg {e[~amÀ`m {R>H$mUr OmÊ`m òÊ`mMr
gw{dYm Am`moOH$m§Zr H$aUo Ano{jV AgVo. Ë`m_wio {e{~am§WvMo
AZmoiIr{R>H$mUrOmÊ`mMmAm{U{e[~añWiemoYÊ`mMoH$m_
H$_r hmoVo. {e{~a {OWo ¿`m`Mo Amho, Ë`m hm°b_Üò EbgrS>r

lr. em§VrbmbOtÀ`m H$Ý`oMo b½Z gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohù`mV g§nÞ Pmbo
d Vr gm¡. gmoZmbr MmoaS>r`m ~Zbr.
7 OmZodmar 1988 gd©Y{_©` 625 gm_w{hH$ {ddmh

nX`mÌm … g§Vm§Mm gh^mJ, JmdmoJmdMo ñdmJV, àgma d àMma g^m
em§Vr`mÌoV gh^mJr _m¡bmZm d{hXwÔrZ ImZ, ñdm_r {MXmZ§XOr,
gw{eb_wZrOr _.gm., XodrqghOr eoImdV, XodamOOr ~moWam gh em§Vrbmb _wÏWm

Cnda-dY§yMr _wbmIV KoVmZm lr. em§Vrbmb _wÏWm
n[aM` gå_obZmV CndYy ñdV…Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoVmZm

66
àmoOoŠQ>a, ñH«$sZ, g§JUH$mMr gmo` {e{~amÀ`m AmYr H$ê$Z
R>odbr OmVo. àËòH$ ~°MgmR>r {H$_mZ EH$ H$mS>©bog _mBH$Mrhr
gmo` Am`moOH$m§Zm H$amdr bmJVo.
H$maU `m {e[~amV _wbr Am{U à{ejH$ XmoKm§Zmhr g§dmX
gmYm`Mm AgVmo. Vmo g§dmX gJù`m§Zm g_Omdm `mgmR>r
_mBH$Mr JaO AgVo. ZmoQ²>g H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r noZ, dhr, $mBb,
$moëS>a _wbtÀ`m g§»òZwgma AmUbo OmVmV. {e[~amMr X¡Z§{XZr
AmnU nm{hbr, Va g_mO åhUyZ OJVmZm Á`m Á`m JmoîQ>tZm
AmnU gm_moao OmVmo, Ë`m Ë`m JmoîQ>r§Mm g_mdoe `m {e[~amV
hmoVmo.
[e[~amMo VrZ {Xdg :[e[~amMo VrZ {Xdg :[e[~amMo VrZ {Xdg :[e[~amMo VrZ {Xdg :[e[~amMo VrZ {Xdg :
[e[~amV Amboë`m _wbtÀ`m _ZmVhr AmVm H$m` Agob, ho H$m`
g§mJUma Aer CËgwH$Vm AgVo. H$mhrOUr KaÀ`m§Zr nmR>db§
Amho åhUyZ Amboë`m AgVmV. H$mhtZm Ë`m§À`m _¡{ÌUrZo `m
{e{~am{df`r gm§{JVbobo AgV§, Va H$mhrOUr H$mhrVar doJi§
Amho, OmDZ nmhÿ åhUyZ Amboë`m AgVmV. [e[~amÀ`m _m{hVr
H$m`©H«$_m_wio {e{~amV H$m` Agob `mMr gmYmaU H$ënZm
_wbtZm Ambobr AgVo.
[e[~amÀ`m àËòH$ {XdgmMr gwédmV ZdH$ma _§ÌmZo hmoVo.
H$moUË`mhr JmoîQ>rMr gwédmV Xodmbm ñ_ê$Z H$aÊ`mMr Amnbr
^maVr` na§nam `mhr {R>H$mUr AmdOy©Z nmibr OmVo. _J
[e[~amV Amnbm Hw$Qw>§~ `m g§H$ënZoMr {dñV¥V MMm© Ho$br OmVo.
{e{~amÀ`m n{hë`m {Xder Hw$Qw>§~ ì`dñWm, _wbtÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUr
`m {df`r n«{ejH$ _wbter ~mobVmV. {df`mbm gwédmV hmoVo, Vr
~Xbboë`m Hw$Qw>§~ nÜXVr{df`r ~mobUo gwê$ H$ê$Z. Amnë`m
g_mOmV Agbobr EH$Ì Hw$Qw>§~ nÜXVr OmDZ AmVm {d^ŠV Hw$Qw>§~
nÜXVr Ambr Amho. Ë`m_wio Kam_Üò EH$ qH$dm XmoZ _wbo Am{U
nmbH$ BVH$sM _mUgo AgVmV.

67
ì`ñV {XZ_mZm_wio Ë`m§Zm EH$_oH$m§er ~mobm`bm doi {_iV
Zmhr. Ë`mVyZ _wbm§Zm EH$Q>onUmMr g_ñ`m ôS>gmdm`bm bmJVo.
_J {_Ì _¡{ÌUt~amo~a OmñV doi KmbdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm
OmVmo.AZoH$s¨ZmAg§ dmQ>V§,H$sOmñV{_Ì_¡{ÌUtAgU§åhUOo
bmoH${à`VoMo à{VH$ AgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo ñdV… Ho$bobr àËòH$
JmoîQ>, KoVbobm àËòH$ {ZU©` hm AMyH$M AmhoV. AmB©d{S>bm§nojm
{_ÌmÀmm {H$§dm _¡{ÌUtMm gëbm OmñV `mo½` dmQ>V AgVmo.
_wbtZm nmbH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zm H$mhr gm§JU§ åhUOo Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mV
T>dimT>di H$aUo dmQ>m`bm bmJVo. Q>rìhr Am{U {gZo_mMm
à^mdhr AgVmoM. A§JàXe©Z H$aÊmmao H$nS>o, {gZo_mV XmIdbo
OmUmao no«_ `m gJù`m JmoîQ>r àË`jmVhr hmoD eH$VmV Aer
_wbtMr »mmÌr AgVo. Ë`m_wio _r H$moUmer b½Z H$am`Mo ho _r
R>adUma Aer _wbr§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm V`ma Pmbobr AgVo. Q>rìhr,
{gZo_mÀ`m Am^mgr OrdZmda Ë`m§Mm doS>m {dídmg ~gbobm
AgVmo. _J AmB©dS>rb, KamVrb BVa ì`ŠVr `m§Mm gëbm
_wbtZm H$mb~mhç dmQ>Vmo. Amnbo AmB©dS>rb Amnë`m {hVmMm
gëbm XoV Amho ho _wbtZm nQ>oZmgo hmoVo.
{gZo_mVë`m dmB©Q> nmbH$m§gmaImM {damoY Vo H$aVmV Aer Ë`m
_Zmer g_OyV H$ê$Z ¿moVmV. nmbH$m§er gwg§dmX AgUo {H$Vr
JaOoMr JmoîQ> Amho Vo _wbtZm g_OmdyZ gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ
n{hë`m {Xdímr Ho$bm OmVmo. Vwåhmbm Vw_À`m d{S>bm§er H$moUVr
JmoîQ> AmdS>V Zmhr Ago {dMmaë`mg hiyhiy _wbr ~mobm`bm
bmJVmV. _mPo dSr>b _mÂ`m H$nS>çm§dê$Z _bm ~mobVmV.
~mhoaMm amJ KamV Am_À`mda {ZKVmo, Vo Amåhmbm doi XoV
ZmhrV, Am_À`mnojm g_mOmbm H$m` dmQ>ob `mMmM {dMma
H$aVmV,Ë`m§Zm_mPo{_ÌAmdS>VZmhrVgd©gmYmaUWmoSçm$ma
$aH$mZo hrM _Vo _wbtH$Sy>Z EoH$y òVmV.

68
AmB©{df`r _wbtMr _Vo {dMmaë`mda Vr _mP§ MwH$b§, Va Q>mo_Uo
_maVo. _mP§ EoHy$Z Z KoVmM AmoaS>Vo Am{U Vr Zì`m JmoîQ>tZm Z
ñdrH$maVm {VMr _V§M Am_À`mda bmXÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVo
Ago EoHy$ òVo. AmB©bm _mPo {_Ì A{O~mV ng§V ZmhrV `mMm
~hþVm§ímr _wbtZm amJ òVmo. `m gJù`m_wio _wbr nmbH$m§er
~mobVmZm H$mhrdoim CÜXQ>nUo ~mobV AgVmV. H$mhr ¿mam§_Üò
nmbH$m§MoEH$_oH$m§ernQ>VZgVo.Ë`mMmhramJ_wbrH$Sy>Zì`ŠV
Ho$bm OmVmo hr _wbtMr gJir _Vo EoHy$Z KoVbr OmVmV. `m
gJù`m JmoîQ>tda _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r amob ßboMm AmYma KoVbm
OmVmo. amob ßboÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ `mVbo Zo_Ho$ Iao H$m` Amho Vo
_wbtg_moa AmUbo OmVo. `m _mÜ`_mVyZ,”Amnë`m KamV Amnbo
AmB©d{S>b, AmOr AmOmo~m AgVmV Ë`m§À`m Am{U Amnë`m
{dMmamV $aH$ nS>UmaM. nU Á`m§Mo ~mob AZw^dmMo AgVmV.
Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m {hVmMm {dMma H$ê$ZM Amnë`mbm H$mhr
gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm AgVmo. Vo H$mhrdoiog Amnë`mbm
AmoaS>VmV, gëbm XoVmV, H$mhr JmoîQ>tZm ZH$ma XoVmV H$maU
Ë`m_mJo Ë`m§Zm Amnbo {hVM gmYm`Mo AgVo. hr JmoîQ> bjmV
Z KoVm AmnU dmJVmo.
hr JmoîQ> _wbtZm g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbr OmVo. _wbtZr AmB©d{S>bm§er
~mobVmZm Z_«nUo ~mobbo nm{hOo, Ë`m§Zm _XV Ho$br nm{hOo Am{U
_w»` åhUOo Vo Oo H$mhr gm§JVm`V Vo H$m gm§JVm`V `mMm
_ZmnmgyZ {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo ho dma§dma gm§{JVbo
OmVo.AmB©d{S>bm§À`m ^m§S>Um_Üò _wbtZr H$moUm EH$mMr ~mOy
KoD Zò, Amnbo {_Ì H$moU AmhoV, H$go AmhoV `mMr _m{hVr
_wbtZr _moH ionUmZo Kar gm§Jmdr.Vwåhr MwH$sMo nmDb CMbUma
Zmhr `mMr ImÌr Vwåhr nQ>dyZ Úm`bm hdr. Ë`mVyZM Vw_Mm
g§dmX nmbH$m§er dmT>ob Agohr _wbtZm gm§{JVbo OmVo. H$s {_Ì
{ZdS>VmZm H$mhr JmoîQ>tMm {dMma H$am.

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