A unit load is a single item or multiple items arranged to be handled as a single unit. Unit loads provide efficiencies in labor, safety, inventory visibility and space savings. Potential disadvantages include time spent forming and breaking down loads and costs of containers or pallets. Common ways to restrain unit loads include self-restraint, pallets, skids, and intermodal containers which allow loads to be transferred between transportation modes as single units.

1. UNIT LOAD
CONCEPT

2. PRESENTED BY-
1.SUJAN SAMANTA
2.DISHANTA PATRA

3. DEFINATION
 A unit load is either a single unit of an item, or multiple unit so arranged or restricted
that they can be handled as a single unit and maintain their integrity.
ADVANTAGES OF UNIT LOAD:
 More Efficient Labor
 Fewer Accidents.
 Increased Inventory Visibility.
 Space Savings.
 More Efficiency in Controlled Environments.
 Additional Functionality.

4. DISADVANTAGES OF UNIT LOAD:
 Time spent forming and breaking down the unit load.
 Cost of containers/pallets and other load restraining materials used
in the unit load.
 Empty containers/pallets may need to be returned to their point of
origin.
BASIC WAYS OF RESTRAINING A UNIT LOAD:
1.Self-Restraining:
One or more items that can maintain their integrity
when handled as a single item.

5. 2.Pallets:
 Platform with enough clearance beneath its top surface (or face) to enable the
insertion of forks for subsequent lifting purposes.
 Materials: Wood (most common), paper, plastic, rubber, and metal.
 Size of pallet is specified by its depth (i.e., length of its stringers or stringer
boards) and its width (i.e., length its deck boards)—pallet height (typically 5
in.) is usually not specified; orientation of stringers relative to deck boards of
pallet is specified by always listing its depth first and width last: Depth
(stringer length) x Width (deck board length).

6. 3.Skids:
 Platform (typically metal) with enough clearance beneath its top surface to
enable a platform truck to move underneath for subsequent lifting purposes.
 Forks can also be used to handle skids since the clearance of a skid is greater
than that of a pallet.
 Compared to a pallet, a skid is usually used for heavier loads and when
stacking is not required; a metal skid can lift heavier loads than an equal-
weight metal pallet because it enables a platform truck to be used for the
lifting, with the platform providing a greater lifting surface to support the skid
as compared to the forks used to support the pallet.

7. 4.IntermodalContainers:
 Reusable container used to unitize and protect loose discrete items
 Enables a load to be handled as a single unit when it is transferred between road, rail,
and sea modes of transport; e.g., the container can be unloaded from a cargo ship and
loaded onto a truck as a single unit
 It is not as common to use intermodal containers for airfreight transport because of
aircraft shape and weight restrictions