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1. STERILIZATION

2. Q 1. Best autoclaving is achieved at …………………
(a) 121ºC for 15 minutes
(b) 120ºC for 1 hour
(c) 110ºC for 2 hours
(d) 100ºC for 3 hours

3. (a) 121ºC for 15 minutes

4. DESCRIPTION
At this temperature most of the heat resistant spores are killed
which cannot be achieved by other sterilization method.

5. Q1. Burning to ashes is referred to as……………
(a) Inertization
(b) Sanitization
(c) Incineration
(d) Disinfection

6. (c) Incineration

7. Incineration means destruction of something by burning.
Incineration is a very good and efficient method for the destruction of
infective materials such as bedding, soiled dressing and pathological materials
like sputum, stool.

8. Q 3. Mordant used in Gram staining is…………….
(a) Lugol’s iodine
(b) Acetone
(c) Peptone
(d) Crystal violet

9. (a) Lugol’s iodine

10. In microbiology, mordants are used in staining which indicates
different colours for different organisms.

11. Q 4. Acid fast staining is also known as…………..
(a) Negative staining
(b) AFB staining
(c) Ziehl-Neelsen staining
(d) Both a and b

12. (d) Both a and b

13. DESCRIPTION
Acid fast staining technique was first developed in 1882 by Paul Ehrlich
and later modified by Ziehl-Neelsen thus, also known as Ziehl-Neelsen
staining.
‘AFB- Acid Fast Bacilli’

14. Q 5. Sterilization by ionizing radiation is also known
as………………..
(a) Cold sterilization
(b) Thermosterilization
(c) Electrosterilization
(d) none of the above

15. (a) Cold sterilization

16. Because in cold sterilization method the temperature of the processed product
does not increase significantly. Thus, making it suitable sterilization method for
heat sensitive items.

17. Q 6. In Cryopreservation storage is done in………………..
(a) Liquid nitrogen
(b) Nitrogen gas
(c) Liquid hydrogen
(d) Paraffin

18. (a) Liquid nitrogen

19. At atmospheric pressure, liquid nitrogen is a
naturally cryogenic fluid that can cause rapid freezing
of living tissue.

20. Q 7. Roll tube method of isolation is mostly used for isolation
of……………..
(a) Capnophiles
(b) Obligate anaerobes
(c) Aerobes
(d) Obligate aerobes

21. (b) Obligate anaerobes

22. DESCRIPTION
Obligate anaerobes are organisms which can live in the absence of oxygen.

23. Q 8. The phase of maximum multiplication resulting in increased
population of bacteria with reduced generation time is…………
(a) Lag phase
(b) Decline phase
(c) Log phase
(d) Stationary phase

24. (C) Log phase

25. DESCRIPTION
Log phase is also known as exponential phase which is characterized by
cell doubling. In this phase, multiplication of bacteria occurs at
maximum rate.

26. Q 9. The active ingredient of detol is……………
(a) chloroxylenol
(b) chlorhexidine
(c) chlorine
(d) formalin

27. (a) Chloroxylenol

28. DESCRIPTION
Chloroxylenol is a substituted phenol and also known as para-chloro-meta-xylenol,
used as an antiseptic/disinfectant. It is known to be bactericidal in low in low
concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

29. Q 10. Destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living
tissues is known as………………
(a) Sanitization
(b) Dwormification
(c) Incineration
(d) Antisepsis

30. (d) Antisepsis

31. DESCRIPTION
Antisepsis is an act of excluding or destruction of harmful
microorganisms from skin or other body part.
Asepsis is the freedom from disease causing microorganisms, to
reduce the possibility of transferring microorganisms from one plate
to another, asepsis is used.