2. Classical approach
It is the oldest formal school of thought which began
around 1900 and continued into the 1920s.
It’s mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of
worker and organizations based on management practices,
which were an outcome of careful observation.
Classical approach mainly looks for the universal
principles of operation in the striving for economic
efficiency.
Classical approach includes scientific, administrative and
bureaucratic management.
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3. About F. w. Taylor [1856 – 1915]
Father of scientific management
Joined Cramp shipyard company as mechanic
Joined Midvale steel company as worker, promoted supervisor
and up to the chief engineer
Later he joined Bethlehem steel company as consultant
Scientific Management concentrates on solving two major
problems
1. How to increase the output of the average worker, and
2. How to improve the efficiency of management
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4. Principles of Scientific Management Theory
Replacement of old rule of thumb with science
Harmony and group activity
Functional foremanship
Financial incentive
Co-operation
Development of employees
Maximum output
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5. About Fayol
Born in 1841 in France.
Worked as a mining engineer.
Wrote the book entitled General and “Industrial
Management” in French language.
Developed 14 principles of management which are
universally applicable.
Has focused on top-level management.
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6. Classification of organizational work
according to Fayol
Technical (manufacturing)
Commercial (buying and selling)
Financial (investment/ fund related)
Accounting (cost, volume, profit planning)
Security (protection of organizational property)
Managerial (planning, organizing, staffing, controlling)
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7. Principles of Management by Henry Fayol
Division of work
Discipline
Authority and responsibility
Subordination of individual interest to General Interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Order
Equity
Initiative
Esprit De Corps
Stability of Tenure
Unity of direction
Scalar chain
Unity of command
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8. MAX WEBER’s Bureaucratic theory
[ 1864-1920 ]
Weber was a German sociologist
Made a significant contribution to management thought and
development
His book “the theory of social and economic organization”
explain the principle of bureaucracy
Formal system of organization design to ensure efficiency and
effectiveness
He define bureaucracy as, “an ideal form of organization
whose objectives and activities are rationally thought out and
whose division of labor is explicitly spelled out
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9. Characteristics of Bureaucratic Theory
Job specialization
Authority hierarchy
Formal selection
Formal rules and regulation
Impersonality
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10. Principles of bureaucracy theory
Administrative class
Hierarchy
Division of work
Office rules
Impersonal relationship
Official record
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11. Criticism of bureaucratic organizations
Bureaucratic organization is criticized because of the following
reasons :
Emphasis on rules and regulation ,
Rules and regulation are rigid and inflexible ,
Involve a lot of paper work ,
There will be unnecessary delay in decision making due to
formalities and rules .
Limited scope for human resources
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