This presentation is about the operating principle of the transmission system in ICE vehicles and electric vehicles. Here I discussed the comparison of ICE vehicles and electric vehicles from the point of view of torque. In this presentation, the basic principle of manual transmission system is described. In automatic transmission system, the objective and working principle of the planetary gear set and the torque converter are described. The schematic diagram of the single-speed transmission system is shown. Difference between the single-speed transmission system and the two-speed transmission system is also shown from the point of view of torque.

1. Transmission system of
IC Vehicles and Electric
Vehicles
Presented by: Avishek Das Gupta
ID: 2018-1-8-004

2. IC Engine (ICE) Vehicles Electric Vehicles (EV)
• Powertrain: IC engine • Powertrain: Motor (+ Engine)
• Power density: High • Power density: Low
• Emits greenhouse gases • No tailpipe emissions
• Travels > 300 miles / fill • Travels < 100 miles / charge
• Need to pick up some speed to
deliver maximum torque
• Produce maximum torque instantly after
starting of motor
• Fuel tank takes less space • Battery takes large space
• Fuel weight is very less • Batteries are very heavy
• Higher maintenance costs • Lesser maintenance costs
• Running cost: high • Running cost: low
• Engine efficiency: ~ 30% • Motor efficiency: ~ 80%
• Needs complex gear system • Needs only one gear
• Noisy operation • Quiet operation
• Short refilling time (< 5 min.) • Long charging time (0.5-8 hr.)

3. To start the vehicles we
need higher torque
To drive in hills we
need higher torque
To drive in plane road we
need higher speed
Power = Torque × Speed

4. Transmission system covered in this presentation :
1. Manual Transmission System (Only for ICE vehicles)
2. Automatic Transmission System (Both ICE and Electric vehicles)
3. Single Speed Transmission System (Only for Electric vehicles)
Manual Transmission System
Driver (12 T)
Driven (12T)
Gear Ratio 1:1
Torque
RPM

5. Driver (12 T)
Driven (24T)
Gear Ratio 2:1
Torque × 2
RPM / 2
Driver (12 T)
Driven (36T)
Gear Ratio 3:1
Torque × 3
RPM / 3

6. Driver (24 T)
Driven (12T)
Gear Ratio 1:2
Torque /2
RPM × 2

7. Automatic Transmission System
Planetary gear set Torque converter
1. To control RPM
2. For reverse motion
1. Torque manipulation
2. Motion isolation (Breaking)
3. Power transfer (Direct drive)

8. Planetary gear set
Carrier
Sun gear
Planet gear
Ring gear
Input Output

9. Sun gear = Rotates
Ring gear = Stationary
Output = Input/3.1
Sun gear = Rotates
Ring gear = Also rotates as
same speed
Output = Input

10. Clutch
Drive To differential
gear
Carrier of 2nd set is connected to ring of 1st set
Output of 2nd set = Input of 1st set
Rotating clutch module
for direct drive

11. To transmission
From engine
Turbine Pump
Torque converter
Reactor is not shown

12. Turbine Pump
Reactor
When vehicles start and
torque is produced
When turbine achieve 90%
of pump speed

13. Transmission System Used in Electric Car
Single speed transmission Two speed transmission
Example: Chevrolet Bolt, Tesla Model S Example: Porsche Tycan

14. Single speed transmission
Drive motor
The gearbox
Input shaft 21
Output shaft 22
Wheel axles
Main shaft
Differential

15. Single speed transmission in Tesla Model S

16. Difference between single and two speed transmission

17. Reference
1. Vidyanandan, K. V. (2018). Overview of electric and hybrid vehicles. Energy Scan, 3, 7-14.
2. Zhang, R., Li, K., Yu, F., He, Z., & Yu, Z. (2017). Novel electronic braking system design for EVS based
on constrained nonlinear hierarchical control. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 18(4), 707-718.
3. https://youtu.be/u_y1S8C0Hmc
4. https://youtu.be/Ugao6jTyM7k
5. https://youtu.be/bRcDvCj_JPs
6. Joshi, P., & Ugale, A. S. (2008). Overview of transmission system for the electric vehicle.
7. https://www.utc.edu/engineering-and-computer-science/research-and-laboratories/cete/electric-vehicles