Grade 12 Contemporary Arts

8. comes from the words "kung hindi
man" is a genre of traditional
Filipino love songs. The lyrics of the
Kundiman are written in Tagalog.
The melody is characterized by a
smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm
with dramatic intervals. Kundiman
was the traditional means of
serenade in the Philippines.
is an old Filipino courtship tradition
of serenading women. It is mostly
practiced in rural areas and small
towns. The man, usually
accompanied by his close friends,
goes to the house of the woman he is
courting and plays music and sings
love songs to her.

9. The Harana first gained popularity in the
early part of the Spanish period. Its
influence comes from folk Music of Spain
and the mariachi sounds of Mexico. It is a
traditional form of courtship music in
which a man woos a woman by singing
underneath her window at night.
The Kundiman came around to be an art song
at the end of the nineteenth century and by the
early part of the twentieth century, its musical
structure was formalised by Filipino composers
such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor
Abelardo (February 7, 1893 - March 21, 1934)
they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending
verse and music in equal parts.

10. The Harana and Kundiman are popular
lyrical songs dating back to the Spanish
period, and are customarily used in
courtship rituals.
Minamahal
Kita (1940)
Mike Velarde
Jr.
Dahil sa
Iyo (1937)
Mike
Velarde Jr.

11. a poem or song narrating a
story in short stanzas.
Traditional ballads are
typically of unknown
authorship, having been
passed on orally from one
generation to the next as
part of the folk culture.

12. is folk art, and
older in origin
than the other
two. The authors
of traditional
ballads are
unknown, since
they were oral in
origin;
‘A short
narrative song
preserved and
transmitted
orally among
illiterate or
semi-literate
people’.
In the British
Isles the folk
ballad is
medieval in
origin; and it
flourished into
the 16th and 17th
centuries
was printed on a
sheet of paper
known as a
broadside
They only
started to be
systematically
collected and
published in book
form during the
18th and 19th
centuries.
the most recent
of the three
is written by
educated poets in
imitation of the
form and style of
the popular
ballad

13. referred to a type of classical music
that was performed in a small space
such as a house or a palace room. The
number of instruments used was also few
without a conductor to guide the
musicians.
Today, chamber music is performed very
similarly in terms of the size of the
venue and the number of instruments
used. Typically, a chamber orchestra is
composed of 40 or fewer musicians.
Because of the limited number of
instruments, each instrument plays an
equally important role. Chamber music
differs from a concerto or a symphony
because it is performed by only one
player per part.

14. Chamber music evolved from the French chanson, a vocal music
comprising of four voices accompanied by a lute. In Italy, the
chanson became known as canzona and evolved from its original form
of vocal music into instrumental music often adapted for the organ.
During the
17th century,
the canzona
evolved into
the chamber
sonata
performed on
two violins
plus a melody
instrument (ex.
cello) and
harmony
instrument (ex.
harpsichord).
From the sonatas,
specifically, the
trio sonatas, (ex.
works by
Arcangelo
Corelli) evolved
the string
quartet which
uses two violins,
a cello, and
viola. Examples
of string
quartets are
works by Franz
Joseph Haydn.
In 1770, the
harpsichord was
replaced by the
piano and the
latter became a
chamber music
instrument. The
piano trio (piano,
cello and violin)
then emerged
evident in the
works of Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart,
Ludwig van
Beethoven and
Franz Schubert.
In the late 19th
century, the
piano quartet
(piano, cello,
violin, and
?viola) emerged
with the works of
such composers as
Antonín Dvorák and
Johannes Brahms.
In 1842, Robert
Schumann wrote a
piano quintet
(piano plus
string quartet).
During the 20th
century, chamber
music took on
new forms
combining
different
instruments
including the
voice. Composers
such as Béla
Bartók? (string
quartet) and
Anton von Webern
contributed to
this genre.

15. A musical composition intended to be performed by a group of
singers called choir. The choir is arranged according to voice
categories such as soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.
The early choirs in the
Philippines performed in
churches, singing religious hymns
during the mass. This is still
practiced today with many
churches and religious groups
having their own choir. Schools
also have their own choral groups
that perform here and abroad.
The most well known school choir
is the choral group of the
University of the Philippines,
the Philippine Madrigal Singers
or the “Madz”. The Madz is one of
the most awarded choral groups in
the Philippines and in the whole
world. Taught and trained by the
country’s best musical composers
and arrangers such as: Eudenice
Palaruan, Robert Delgado,
and Fidel Calalang.

17. Liturgical music, also called
church music, music written for
performance in a religious rite
of worship. The term is most
commonly associated with the
Christian tradition. Developing
from the musical practices of the
Jewish synagogues, which allowed
the cantor an improvised
charismatic song, early Christian
services contained a simple
refrain, or responsorial, sung by
the congregation. This evolved
into the various Western chants,
the last of which, the Gregorian,
reached its apogee in the
Carolingian Renaissance. From the
10th century there also emerged a
vast number of hymns.