Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Growth in Trade
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The document discusses trade in East Africa along the African trade cycle route. Cities developed along this route to protect trade and Swahili developed as a trade language that was a mix of different languages. It also discusses Zimbabwe, which means great house of stone and thrived on exporting goods like gold, slaves and ivory. The Great Enclosure was Zimbabwe's most famous stone structure before it was abandoned in 1450. The document also asks discussion questions about how Islam spread in Africa and how the Swahili language enhanced trade.
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Ch 3 sec 3
Trade routes developed along East Africa, leading to cities forming to protect exchanges and a new trade language called Swahili mixing elements of different tongues. Zimbabwe prospered through cattle, gold, slaves and ivory exports until around 1450 when its famous stone Great Enclosure structure was abandoned.
Ch 3 sec 2
The document summarizes several African empires that existed in medieval times, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia was the first to introduce Christianity through Frumentius and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. Ghana prospered through salt and gold trade, converting to Islam. Mali's King Sunjata set up a large empire after defeating rival rulers, also converting to Islam, while Mansa Musa of Mali made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca. Songhai was founded by Sunni Ali but later collapsed when confronted with Moroccan forces equipped with firearms. West Africa saw development of agriculture, iron production, and gold trade, with camel caravans
Colonization of Singapore
The British colonized Singapore in 1819 under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles to gain control of the strategic trading port between China and India. As a British colony, Singapore became an important center for trade and helped expand the British Empire in Asia. However, colonization also negatively impacted native Singaporeans, who faced heavy taxes and became a lower social class than the British colonizers.
Timbutku
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Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Trade R outes Notes
During the Medieval Period, major trading routes developed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the Silk Road, maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan routes. These trading networks aided the spread of technology, culture, religions, and goods between different regions. Goods like spices, textiles, and porcelain were traded, and ideas such as paper, crops, and religions diffused widely. States and empires in Africa engaged in this trade and were influenced by other civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere.
01_04_WH_JuliaLister
During the Golden Age of Islam, the discovery of papermaking from China increased accessibility to writing. Scholars from around the world gathered in the "House of Wisdom" in Baghdad to translate literature and knowledge into Arabic. As the Abbasid Empire expanded under Islamic rule, Arabic became the dominant language across the diverse region as Islamic law was universally applied.
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Ch 3 sec 3
Trade routes developed along East Africa, leading to cities forming to protect exchanges and a new trade language called Swahili mixing elements of different tongues. Zimbabwe prospered through cattle, gold, slaves and ivory exports until around 1450 when its famous stone Great Enclosure structure was abandoned.
Ch 3 sec 2
The document summarizes several African empires that existed in medieval times, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia was the first to introduce Christianity through Frumentius and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. Ghana prospered through salt and gold trade, converting to Islam. Mali's King Sunjata set up a large empire after defeating rival rulers, also converting to Islam, while Mansa Musa of Mali made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca. Songhai was founded by Sunni Ali but later collapsed when confronted with Moroccan forces equipped with firearms. West Africa saw development of agriculture, iron production, and gold trade, with camel caravans
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The British colonized Singapore in 1819 under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles to gain control of the strategic trading port between China and India. As a British colony, Singapore became an important center for trade and helped expand the British Empire in Asia. However, colonization also negatively impacted native Singaporeans, who faced heavy taxes and became a lower social class than the British colonizers.
Timbutku
Timbutku was an important city in Mali located on the Niger River that served as a center of learning and trade. It brought together North African merchants and Muslim scholars due to its location along gold and salt trade routes. Timbutku is credited with beginning the idea of universities and contained a large collection of books, making it an early center of learning in West Africa.
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Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Trade R outes Notes
During the Medieval Period, major trading routes developed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the Silk Road, maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan routes. These trading networks aided the spread of technology, culture, religions, and goods between different regions. Goods like spices, textiles, and porcelain were traded, and ideas such as paper, crops, and religions diffused widely. States and empires in Africa engaged in this trade and were influenced by other civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere.
01_04_WH_JuliaLister
During the Golden Age of Islam, the discovery of papermaking from China increased accessibility to writing. Scholars from around the world gathered in the "House of Wisdom" in Baghdad to translate literature and knowledge into Arabic. As the Abbasid Empire expanded under Islamic rule, Arabic became the dominant language across the diverse region as Islamic law was universally applied.
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The document discusses trade in East Africa along the African trade cycle route. Cities developed along this route to protect trade and Swahili developed as a trade language that was a mix of different languages. It also discusses Zimbabwe, which means great house of stone and thrived on exporting goods like gold, slaves and ivory. The Great Enclosure was Zimbabwe's most famous stone structure before it was abandoned in the 1450s.
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The document discusses how Islam spread from the 7th century. The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires had weakened after 200 years of conflict, leaving societies tired of heavy taxation and diverse populations with little unity. This allowed Arab Muslims to establish control over vast lands. Initially, Muslims tolerated other religions if they paid a tax, though this changed after the Crusades and adopting the rule that converting from Islam was punishable by death.
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The document summarizes the origins of the human race according to Genesis. It describes how God created the world in 6 days and created man in his image to rule over the earth. It discusses how Adam and Eve were the first humans, but they sinned by eating the forbidden fruit which twisted human civilization. It then covers major biblical figures and events like Cain and Abel, the Great Flood in Noah's time, the Tower of Babel, and the resulting formation of nations and languages.
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The document summarizes the history of Israel, beginning with Abraham and his descendants. It outlines the major covenants God made with Abraham, the Israelites at Mount Sinai, David, and the new covenant. The Abrahamic Covenant promised that Abraham's descendants would become a great nation, possess the land of Canaan, bless all nations, and that his seed would bring blessing. The Mosaic Covenant established the Israelites as God's special nation if they obeyed his laws and demanded monotheism. The Davidic Covenant promised David's dynasty would last forever through a future ideal king or Messiah.
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Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Growth in Trade
- 1. Trade in East Africa
- 3. • Cities developed along this route to protect it • Swahili was a trade language that developed • Swahili is a mix of many different languages • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3GU7v FNuUI
- 4. Zimbabwe
- 5. • Means great house of stone • Thrived on raising cattle, exporting gold, slaves and ivory • The Great Enclosure was the most famous stone structure in Zimbabwe • Was abandoned in the 1450s
- 7. Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Discussion Questions • How did Islam spread the sub-Saharan Africa? • How did the development of Swahili enhance trade?
Editor's Notes
- Empires developed to protect this profitable trade
- Swahili -- 35% are arabic in origin Also some English Swahili made it possible to continue trade
- Traded gold, slaves and ivory…Trade from India and China passed through Zimbabwe
- Great enclosure built with no mortar…carefully cut and fitted together with precision Survived over 700 years Not sure why it went into decline and was abandoned.
- Page 55 picture