Ch. 11 Sec. 4 Mughal Empire
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The Mughal Empire was established in Northern India by Babur, who conquered the region and founded the Mughal dynasty. Akbar became the most effective Mughal ruler when he came to power at age 13, abolishing taxes on non-Muslims and including some Hindus in government, while still periodically slaughtering non-Muslims as commanded by the Qur'an. The British East India Company later exiled the last Mughal Emperor and imposed direct British rule over India.
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Ch 11 sec 4
The Mughal Empire was established in Northern India by Babur, leader of the Turkish-Mongul tribes, who conquered the region and rebuilt it according to Islamic law. The most effective ruler, Akbar, came to power at age 13 and abolished taxes on non-Muslims while still endorsing periodic slaughter as commanded by the Qur'an. The last Mughal Emperor was later exiled by the British East India Company, who then imposed direct rule over India.
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Ch 11 sec 4
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Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Ch. 11 Sec. 4 Mughal Empire
- 2. • Babur (the Tiger) was leader of the Turkish- Mongul tribes
- 3. • Conquered Northern India • Established the Mughal dynasty
- 4. • Practiced jihad and slaughtered all opposition • Rebuilt India according to Islamic law
- 5. • Akbar was the most effective Mughal ruler • Came to power when he was 13
- 6. • Abolished tax on non-Muslims • Had some Hindus in government
- 7. • Still endorsed periodic slaughter of non- Muslims as commanded in the Qur’an
- 8. • Mughal ruler Shah Alam II agreed to offer of protection from the British East India Company
- 9. • Later this company exiled the last Mughal Emperor and imposed direct rule
Editor's Notes
- The death of Aurangzeb marked the end of expansion of the empire and was followed by rapid decline