Mechanism,mode of action,applications,advantages and limitations of edible vaccine.

1. EDIBLE VACCINE

2. Presented by
Group No: 07
 Subha Shabnam Kristy-(2014-3-76-027)
 Rehnuma Hossain-(2015-1-77-010)
 Asma Hossain-(2015-2-77-004)
 Fameema Tasneem-(2015-3-77-007)

3. What is Edible Vaccine?
 Edible vaccine is a genetically influenced food,
containing related antigens that may provide
active immune response against infection and
inflammation.
 These are easy to apply, store and transport. It
could also induce both mucosal and systematic
immune responses; which cannot be achieved by
using an injection vaccine.

4. Mechanism

5. Mode of Action
Oral intake of edible vaccine
Breaks down at peyer’s patches
(contain 30-40 lymphoid nodules containing Follicles)
Antigen penetrates to follicles and accumulate
In lymphoid structure.
Antigen contacts M-cells that activate B-cells
Within the follicles
B cell leaves the follicles and gives mucosal immunity
When it reaches in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT)

6. Applications of Edible vaccine
 Autoimmune Disease: An experiment was established for
the development of plant based diabetes vaccine in potatoes
and tobacco containing insulin linked to the non-toxic B
subunit of the V. cholera toxin to intensify uptake of the
antigen of M cells.
 Gastrointestinal Disorder: WHO have revealed that cholera
vaccine can provide cross protection against E.coli heat labile
enterotoxin (LT-B). Transgenic potatoes expressing LT-B
were fed to mice and does not inactive the antigen present in
edible vaccine.
 Malaria: Three antigens were used namely merozoite surface
protein (MSP4, MSP5 and MSP4/5) to develop the malaria
vaccine. When mice were orally immunized with this
recombinant antigen; they show immune response.
 Measles: Selection of MV-H antigen is important and that is
introduced in tobacco plant with the help of plasmid vector to
treat measles.

7. Advantages and Limitations of Edible Vaccine
ADVANTAGES:
 Decreased need for medical staffs.
 Cost effective in mass production and transportation.
 Swallowed by eating the plant/part of the plant
 Therapeutic proteins are free of pathogens and toxins.
 Heat stable, no need for refrigeration.
 Generation of systemic and mucosal immunity.
 Delivery of multiple antigens.
 Advanced equipments and machines are not needed to produce edible vaccines
as they could be easily grown.
LIMITATIONS:
 Individuals may show resistance to vaccines.
 Consistency of dose may vary from fruit to fruit, plant to plant , generation to
generation.
 Selection of best plant is difficult.
 People may show allergic reactions to the fruit or vegetable expressing the
foreign antigen .
 Will the antigens be able to survive the acidic conditions of the stomach and
even if they did, will they be able to trigger the immune system in the right way?
Although initial trials have shown positive results in humans, it is not clear what
will happen later.

8. Future Prospects
 Edible vaccines require approval by WHO in terms
of quality, efficiency and environmental effect
before supplying in the market for human usage.
 Transgenic crops gained acceptance in developing
countries gradually.
 Edible vaccines present good economic and
technological advantages as more than 350
genetically engineered products are now in
progress in the USA and Canada.
 Hopefully, In coming future edible vaccines against
smallpox, anthrax, plague and many other
diseases can be produced on a huge amount
within a short time period.

9. Conclusion
Edible vaccines may lead to a future of safer and
more effective immunization over some of the
problems related with traditional vaccines. They
have passed the major difficulties in the path of an
emerging vaccine technology before becoming a
reality. The aim is that edible vaccines would be
grown in many of the developing countries . That
day is not far off when we will be able to pluck a fruit
from the garden, eat it and be protected from
diseases…making needles needless…