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Tracheostomy and post op care
1. Tracheostomy and Post op careTracheostomy and Post op care
Dr.Ashok kumar
FCPS
King Khaled Hospital Tabuk
2. Points to be discussPoints to be discuss
What is tracheostomy ?
Indications
Operative technique
Complications
Prevention/ Post operative care
Education of the patient.
3. DefinitionDefinition
It is an operative procedure that creates a
surgical opening for airway in the anterior
wall of cervical trachea.
4. HistoryHistory
It was one of the oldest surgical procedures
in the ancient Egypt.
1546- Antonio Musa Brasavola, performed
a successful tracheotomy in a patient
suffering from obstruction of the tonsils.
5. HistoryHistory
1630-Habicot performed the first pediatric
tracheotomy,
From the 16th to 19th century, tracheotomy
was generally cosidered as dangerous
procedure. So it was reserved for
emergency treatment in the obstruction of
the upper airways
6. HistoryHistory
in early 1900s Chevalier Jackson standardized
the surgical procedure by showing lowered
mortality rates with proper techniques and
adequate post-operative care.
7. IndicationsIndications
Congenital: subglottic stenosis, laryngomalacia
Traumatic : Tracheal, laryngeal, facial fractures
Neoplastic: Laryngeal, thyroid, upper oesophageal
Infective: Ac:epiglottitis, diphtheria,oropharyngeal
retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal
abscess, Ludwig angina,
Neurological: Bil: V C palsy, Motor neuron disease
Other surgeries: Oesophageal, laryngeal, oral surgery
Difficult airway: emergency tracheostomy
Prolonged Intubation: >10 days
21. Advantages over ET TubesAdvantages over ET Tubes
Comfort
Easier to nurse
↓ Dead space (70-100ml / 10-50%)
Better oral hygiene
No sinusitis, nasal or oral ulceration, subglottic stenosis
Better airway toilet
Weaning easier
Awake patient
26. PreventionPrevention
Post opp CXR
Humidification
Infection control
Regular suctioning with saline
Gentle suctioning
Removal as soon as is safe
27. Indications for suctioningIndications for suctioning
Secretions in trachea
Suspected aspiration of gastric or upper
airway secretions.
Increase in peak airway pressure.
Gradual or sudden decrease in ABG
Sudden onset of respiratory distress when
airway patency is questioned
28. Size of suction catheterSize of suction catheter
Catheter should not be more than half of the
inner diameter of the tracheostomy tube.
Catheter size can be calculated by
(Size of tracheostomy tube /2) x 3
Eg.Tracheostomy tube size is 8/2=4,
4x3=12 French gauge of suction catheter