Abnormal cells can occur at different stages of cell maturation. Certain cytokines and growth factors are important in the development of T cell lines from pluripotent stem cells up until the T lymphoblast stage. Tests such as bone marrow aspiration, peripheral smears, and CBCs can help identify diseases associated with abnormalities at different cell stages, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, and prolymphocytic leukemia.

1. Role of Cell in the Body QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ABNORMALITIES
CELL LINE MATURATION/DISEASES AT EACH STAGE
Abnormal Cells
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References
Cytokines and Growth Factors
The cytokines used in
the T cell line includes,
GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6
and IL-7. These are
used from the
pluripotent stem cell
until the cell reaches
the T Lymphoblast
stage, then cell
development is antigen
driven.
Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia: increase of
the lymphoblast cells
in a peripheral smear.
Infectious
mononucleosis:
viral infection,
presence of 50%
lymphocytes with at
least 10% atypical
lymphocytes
Prolymphocytic
Leukemia: A type of
chronic lymphocytic
leukemia.
Bone Marrow Aspiration: Increase of mature
small lymphocytes indicates chronic lymphocytic
leukemia.
Peripheral Smear: Reactive Lymphocytes are a
clear indication of infections (particularly viral
and rickettsia infections, whooping-cough
(pertussis), bacterial infections in infants and
young children. infections in infants and young
CBC: If the number of T cells is abnormally
decreased, this is an indication of AIDS. In
conditions, such as infections and blood diseases,
there is an abnormal increase in T cells.
Neoplastic Chemistries:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Other lymphoid leukemia’s
Lymphomas in leukemic phase