I had discussed about nutritional health benefits and novel food applications of noni fruit

1. Morinda Citrifolia:
Nutritional health benefits
and Novel food applications
Ashish Darji
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2. HISTORY
 For over 2000 years Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) have been
used in folk remedies by Polynesians and Hawaiian
 Polynesians utilized whole Noni plant in their medicinal
remedies and dye for some of their traditional clothes
 A Tongan myth tells of the god Maui being restored to
life by having Noni leaves placed on his body
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3. Introduction
 Noni is common name for Morinda Citrifolia and is called as
Indian Mulberry, Ba Ji Tian, Nono or Nonu, cheese fruit, and Nhau
in various cultures throughout the world.
 Two most popular varieties of M. Citrifolia (M. Citrifolia var.
Citrifolia and M. Citrifolia var. bracteata) and one cultivator (M.
Citrifolia cultivator Poterri)
 Noni products has achieved great demand as food supplement and
used as novel food
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4. Plant Description
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5. Chemical Constituents
 More than 160 phytoconstituents of which over 120 constituents have proven
nutraceutical properties with proven biological activities
Alizarin, Asperulosidetetraacetate, Quercetin, Caprylic acid, Caproic acid
Octanoic acid Hexanoic acid, Aarabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose,
Glucuronic acid, Ethyl caproate, Ethyl caprylate, Methyl octanoate, Methyl
decanoate
β-D-glucopyranoside, Citrofolinin-A, β-D-galactopyranoside , Kaempferol,
Quercetin, Citrifolinoside- B, β- sitosterol, Alanine, Tryptophan, Threonine,
Cysteine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenyl Alanine, Arginine, Glutamic acid,
Serine, Tyrosine, Valine, Histidine, Methionine, Proline, Aspartic acid
Alizarin, Trioxymethylanthraquinone monoethyl ether, Morindone,
Damnacanthal, Rubiadinemonomethyl ether, Morindanidrine, Morindadiol,
Pentose, Hexose 5

6. Contd…
 Aldehyde and Ketone, Acids, Alcohols, Esters, Terpenes and sulfur compounds
are major volatile present in Noni juice
 Total phenolic content (TPC) of Tahitian Noni Juice (TNJ) with grape and
blueberry juice, Noni juice contains 65.56% of TPC against 6.54% and 27.90%
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7. Phytoconstituents and their mechanism
 Damnacanthal
 An anthraquinone induced K-ras
NRK cells at tolerant temperature
without localization of ras
 Damnacanthal had not shown any
effect on morphology of RSVTs-
NRK cells states the src oncogene
 Hence, damnacanthal is an inhibitor
of ras function
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8. Contd…
 Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
 Potent antioxidant and antiangenesis activity
 Inhibit the quinol oxidase (NOX) enzyme, which is responsible for tumor activity
 Alizarin and limonene
 Inhibit formation of blood vessels over the tumor by antiangenesis property
 Inhibit growth and mutation of malignant cells
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9. Contd…
 Quercetin
 Decreased cell viability in both low metastatic cell line ACC-2 and high metastatic
line ACC-M
 Quercetin significantly decrease the apoptosis in ACC cells through a mitochondria
dependent pathway which showed close correlation with down regulation of NF-
kappaB pathway
 Scopoletin
 Decreases carrageen induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions in the paw edema
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10. Contd…
 Xeronine
 Proxeronine combine with proxeroninase present in the body to form Xeronine
 Xeronine help to enlarge the pore size of the tumor cells and allow anticancer drugs to
enter the cells more easily
 Ursolic acid
 Possess anti-carcinogenic effect both externally and internally prevent growth of
cancerous cells and induce apoptosis
 Gallic acid
 Reduces IgE which induces histamine release from mast cells.
 The inhibitory effect mediated by cAMP and intracellular calcium
 Decreased level of phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (tumor promoter) and calcium
ionophore A23187 stimulated pro inflammatory cytokine gene expression and
production such as TNF-α and IL-6 in human mast cells 10

11. Health Benefits
 Effect on esophageal cancer
 In vivo studies reported that blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, Noni inhibits the
development of cancer both preventive and curative effect on rat esophageal cancer
induced by N- nitrosomethylbenzylamine
 Effect on breast cancer
 TNJ were tested on MMTV-neutransgenic mice, showed significant reduction in
tumor weight, size and longer tumor repetition times in mice.
 A mouse equivalent of dose for humans (<85 g/day) inhibited the growth of
mammary gland cancer
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12. Contd…
 Antitumor activity
 Precipitate obtained from Noni juice with sub-optimal doses of cisplatin, doxorubicin,
5- fluorouracil and vincristine
 Noni precipitate is a good supplement agent against cancer
 Effect on cardiovascular system
 Lignans present in Noni prevents arteriosclerosis related to the oxidation of low
density lipoprotein
 Effect on cognitive function
 Protects brain from stress induced impairment of cognitive function
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13. Contd…
 Effect on Alzheimer's disease
 Noni juice offers a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by
scopolamine
 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities maintained
 Wound healing activity
 Noni leaf extract was found to possess wound healing capacity
 Antioxidant like β-carotene, flavanol and iridoids decreases lipid peroxide level
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14. Contd…
 Antioxidant activity
 Biochemical changes caused by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) induced mammary
carcinogenesis in rats
 Noni juice significantly increased catalase, SOD and decreased lipid peroxidation
level in NMU challenged group
 Also preventive effect against anemia, lymphocytosis and neutrophilia when
compared to NMU control group
 Effect on GIT
 Noni juice inhibits gastric emptying by stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK)
secretion which occur with CCP 1 receptor
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15. Contd…
 Antimicrobial activity
 Powder extract of Noni leaves decreases growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger
 Ethanolic extract of Noni leaves is effective in treatment of infectious disease
 Antiviral activity
 1-methoxy-2-Formyl-3-hydroxyanthraquinone isolated from Noni roots suppressed
the cytopathic effect of HIV infected MT-4 cells
 Hypoglycemic activity
 In vivo studies showed that fermented Noni juice in diabetes induced rats showed
significant decrease in fasting glucose
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16. Contd…
 Anti-osteoporotic activity
 Anthraquinones isolated from roots of Noni found to inhibit osteoclast tartrate
resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity
 Also bone resorption in osteoporotic rats
 Contraindication of Noni
 Not recommended for patients of liver and kidney dysfunction because of higher
potassium content
 Consumption of Noni juice during pregnancy delay ossification and skeleton
alteration in the fetus
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17. Noni Formulation and Applications
 Traditional Noni Juice: 40% - 50% recovery of juice from original fruit weight
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18. Contd…
 Non-Traditional Noni Juice: 65% juice recovery
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19. Contd…
 Noni squash
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20. Contd…
 Noni syrup
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21. Contd…
Table 1: Nutritional composition of Noni Juice
Constituent Percentage
Energy 154 Kcal
Moisture 91.6 %
Total carbohydrate 3.84 %
Total dietary fiber 0.72 %
Crude protein 0.39 %
Crude fat 0.14 %
Ash 0.46 %
Table 2: Physicochemical properties of Noni juice
Characteristics Values
TSS (˚ B) 8.23
pH 3.5
Acidity (%) 1.28
Reducing sugar (%) 1.34
Tannin (%) 1.20
Pectin (%) 0.44
Total phenol (%) 0.83
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) 32.43
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22. Contd…
 Table 3: Recipe for Noni
Ingredients Noni beverage
RTS SQUASH SYRUP
Juice (ml) 100 250 250
Sugar (g) 130 1500 680
Citric acid (g) - 7 10
Water (mL) 770 486 310
Ginger Extract (mL) 20 - -
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23. Thank You…
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