Synopsis defense

1. Synopsis Defense
Impact of Family Cohesion on Distress Tolerance with the Moderating
Role of Emotional Maturity among Emerging Adults
Supervisee: Esha Ijaz (191870091)
Supervisor: Ma’am Iqra Ashraf

2. Introduction
Family cohesion include the degree of commitment, help, and support
family members provide for one another (Moos & Moos, 1981)
Distress tolerance is most commonly described as both the perceived
capacity to withstand distress and actual behavioral efforts to persist
through distress (Leyro et al., 2010; Zvolensky et al., 2010).
Emotional Maturity is a personality trait, succeeding in controlling
the immediate emotion and acts wisely after analyzing the situation
(Verma et. al, 2018)

3. Theoretical Framework
Family System Theory:
• Family is seen as the primary relationship context in which individual
character traits and ensuing patterns of behavior are learned and
reinforced.
• Family as unit and system not only share lives or live together but
also holds the capacity to influence each individual’s personality,
character and behavior.
• In short, it is through learning within the family and parenting, that
the child develops socially and psychologically (Vaz & Relvas, 2007).

4. Literature review
Role of Distress Tolerance
in Relationship of
Emotional Maturity and
Spiritual Intelligence with
Adjustment to University.
• Positive significant
correlation between all
variables
Emotional Maturity &
Family Environment.
• Family environment
effected in the
development of
emotional maturity and
there was positive
correlation between the
two.
Influence of Family
Cohesion & Relationship
Maintenance Strategies
on Stress During
Students’ Adjustment to
College.
• Family cohesion is
significantly negatively
related to academic,
social & personal-
emotional stress.
Rigi,et. al,
(2019)
Rani &
Kumari
(2019)
Strutzenb
erg, 2018

5. Proposed Model
Family
Cohesion
Emotional Maturity
Distress Tolerance

6. 01 02 03 05
Limited work
in cultural
context.
Gap in correlating
or finding link
between all these
three variables in
single research.
Personal
experience
keen interest
Finding would
highlight the
significance of
family cohesion
Rationale
Role of Distress Tolerance in
Relationship of Emotional
Maturity and Spiritual
Intelligence with Adjustment to
University (Rigi et.al, 2019),
Emotional maturity and family
type (Trivedi, 2017), Distress
tolerance and emotional

7. Methodology
Cross sectional
300 sample
size
18-25
Age range
Non-
probability
method
Purposive
sampling
technique
Objectives
1. To investigate the relationship between Family Cohesion
Distress Tolerance and Emotional Maturity among
emerging adults.
2. To examine the moderating role of emotional maturity
between family cohesion and distress tolerance.
3. To examine the differences on the basis of demographic
variables (age, gender, education, socio economics status
and family system) with Family Cohesion, Distress
Tolerance and Emotional Maturity.

8. Hypothesis
1. There will be significant relationship between family cohesion and distress
tolerance
2. Family cohesion will predict distress tolerance in emerging adults.
3. Emotional maturity will moderate the relationship between distress tolerance
and family cohesion among emerging adults.
4. Distress tolerance will be high among emerging adults belonging to joint family.
5. There will be mean difference in gender.
Methodology (CONT..)

9. Instruments
Family Adaptability and Cohesion
Evaluation (FACES- II)
• Olson et. al in 1985
• 5-point likert scale of total 16 items
• Item number 2, 5, 8, 10, 13 and 15 are
reverse scored
• The scale has a reliability of .84
Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS)
• Simons and Gaher in 2005
• 15 items in total
• 5-point Likert scale
• The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for
the entire scale is .89.
Emotional Maturity Scale (Friedman
Scale)
• Friedman in 2015
• 25 items in total
• The questionnaire consists both
positive and negative aspects

10. Operational Definitions
• Family cohesion is defined as the emotional
bonding that family members have toward one
another Olson (1993)
• Distress tolerance is a variable of individual
differences that refers to the capacity of experience
and resistance to emotional disturbances (Simons &
Gaher, 2005)
• Emotional maturity is the ability of individuals to
manage their emotions, along with assessing the
emotional states of others in interpersonal
relationships in order to make appropriate
decisions and actions (Rafeedali ,2017).
Methodology (CONT..)
Proposed Analysis
• Collected information will be analyzed
through Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS). Further following
analysis will be used:
• Correlation (to assess the degree of
relationship)
• Regression (to find out the predictor)
• T-test & ANOVA (to compare difference
that may occur because of demographics)
• Moderation analysis

11. • Benuto. L. T., Yang. Y., Bennett. N. & Lancaster. C. (2020). Distress Tolerance and Emotion
Regulation as Potential Mediators Between Secondary Traumatic Stress and Maladaptive
Coping, Journal of Interpersonal Violence https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520967136
• Moos, R. & Moos, B. S. (1981). Family environment scale: Manual. Palo Alto: Consulting
Psychologists Press
• Olson, D.H., Sprenkle, D.H., & Russell, C. (1979). Circumplex model of marital and family
systems: I. Cohesion and adaptability dimensions, family types and clinical applications.
Family Process, 18, 3-28.
• Rani. L. & Kumari. V. (2019). Emotional maturity & family environment. International Journal
of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), Volume 7, Issue 4
• Rigi. A .S., Honarmand. M .M., Beshlideh. K., Sarparast. A., Nejad. S. K. & Amin. Z. (2019).
Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in Relationship of Emotional Maturity and Spiritual
Intelligence with Adjustment to University.
• Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and Validation
of A Self-Report Measure, Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 83-102. https:// doi:10.1007/s11031-
005-7955-3
• Strutzenberg, C. C. (2018). The Influence of Family Cohesion and Relationship Maintenance
Strategies on Stress During Students’ Adjustment to College. Graduate Theses and
Dissertations Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2865
References