- The document discusses model-driven testing using the UML 2.0 Testing Profile (U2TP). U2TP bridges the gap between system designers and testers by allowing tests to be specified using UML models. - A methodology is presented for developing test designs from system models. This involves defining a test package, importing system classes and interfaces, and specifying test architecture and behavior. - Test architecture defines concepts like the system under test, test components, test context, and test control. Test behavior is specified using interactions, state machines, and other UML behaviors. - Model transformations are used to convert UML system models into U2TP-compliant test models. Transformation rules map

1. Presented By :
Dilruk G.A. (148209B)
Jagoda S.D.
(148214K)
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 1
Model-Driven Testing with
UML 2.0
Zhen Ru Dai
Fraunhofer FOKUS, Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany
dai@fokus.fraunhofer.de

2. Index …
 Introduction
 Approaches to Model-Driven Testing
 The UML 2.0 Testing Profile (U2TP)
 A Methodology on Model-Driven Test
Development
 Test Design Model Transformation
 Summary
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 2

3. Introduction
 The Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is not only
about system modeling.
 The early integration of testing into the
development process becomes more and more
important.
 U2TP bridges the gap between designers and
testers by providing a means for using UML for
both system modeling and test specification.
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4. Approaches to Model-Driven Testing
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5. The UML 2.0 Testing Profile
(U2TP)
 The Architecture Concepts
 System Under Test (SUT) – One or More Object
 Test Components – Objects within test system
 Test Context - Message between components
 Scheduler - Control the test execution and test components
 The Behavior Concepts
 State Machines and Activity Diagrams - define test stimuli,
observations, test control/invocations, coordination and
actions
 Test Case – Normative test behavior is specified
 Validation Action - performed by a local test component to
inform the arbiter about its local test verdict
 Test Verdict – Result of the executed test (pass, inconclusive,
etc.) Tuesday, June 16, 2015 5

6. The UML 2.0 Testing Profile
(U2TP)
 Test Data Concepts
 Wildcards– Handle unexpected events, or events containing many
different values
 Data pools – Associated with test context and include concrete test
data
 Data Selectors - Operations to retrieve test data from the data pool or
data partitions
 Coding Rules - Define the encoding and decoding of test data when
communicating with the SUT
 Time Concepts
 Group defines concepts to constrain and control test behavior with
regard to time
 Timers – Needed to manipulate and control test behavior as well as to
ensure the termination of test cases
 Time Zones – Used to group components within a distributed system,
allowing the comparison of time events within the same time zone
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7. A Methodology on MDT Development
 Following must consider when transforming system
design model to test design model
 Define a new UML package as the test package of the system
 Import the classes and interfaces from system design package to test
pkg.
 Start with the test architecture and continue with test behavior
specification
 Two categories of Issues regarding test architecture
and test behavior
 Mandatories– Essential for a test design model with U2TP
 E.g. : SUT, Test Context
 Optional– Specific to test requirement and therefore not always
needed
 E.g. : test control, timers
 Additionally, there are optional and mandatory concepts which can
derive directly from existing system designTuesday, June 16, 2015 7

8. U2TP Concepts & Methodology
on Test Design Model
Development
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9. A Methodology on MDT Development
 Test Architecture
 Mandatory
 Assign the classes (in Class diagram) or objects (in Object Diagram) to SUT
 Specify test context listing the test attributes and test cases, also possible test
control and test configuration
 Optional
 Group the classes/objects (except SUT) to define test component – Not needed
for Unit Tests
 To Define the order of the test case execution use the test control
 Activity Diagram – one activity means one test case and activity flow is test flow
in test control specification
 Use Case Diagram – one use case means one test case
 Interaction Diagram use for the Test configuration
 Whenever two components exchange message each other, assign a channel
between them.
 Assign time zones if the test system is a distributed one.
 Provide Coding rule information
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10. A Methodology on MDT Development
 Test Behavior
 Mandatory
 Use Interaction Diagrams for the specification of test case. Change the
instances and assign them with stereotype according to their roles.
 Assign verdicts at the end of each test case specification. Usually this is set to
pass
 Optional
 Define test objectives for each test case that is to be specified
 System behavior which are not used for tests should be taken for default.
 Interactions Diagrams like Sequence Diagrams, State Machiens or Activity
Diargrams should use to define this. Verdict Settings for this is either fail or
inconclusive.
 Use wildcards to catch unexpected behavior
 Timers should be derived from time constraint specifications within a State
Machine or Sequence Diagram
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 10

11. Test Design Model
Transformation
 Meta-model based transformation
◦ Source meta model is the UML Meta-Model and
Target is the U2TP Meta-Model
 Every mechanism cannot be performed by
transformation such as grouped the test
components or SUT
 Hence use mechanism called test directives and
its meta-model is Test Directive Meta-Model.
 Transformation rules applied to both UML & Test
Directive meta-model to create U2TP meta-
model
 All 3 models are based on MOF (Meta-Object
Facility is an Object Management Group (OMG)
standard for model-driven engineering)
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12. Test Design Model
Transformation
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13. Test Design Model
Transformation
 Used aspect-oriented, declarative or
pattern-based language to the
Transformation.
 Transformation Rules used for describe
the correspondence between pattern of
elements in source model and target
model.
 Patterns are reusable definitions.
 When patterns are used in the source of
a rule it is an query, but when it is used
in the target, it acts as a template.
 Tracking relationships associate the
source model elements and the target.
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14. Test Transformation Example
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