Art integrated project of sikkim about dams of hydropower and many more

1. Name –
Roll. No –
Class –
School –

2.  1 districtsEast
Sikkim
 2-North Sikkim
 3-South Sikkim
 4-West Sikkim

3.  The project's construction was completed in 1999. The
project is fully functional since 2000. The project was built at
a cost of Rs 4922.6 million (Rs 492.26 crores) (at 1 USD = Rs
45, this is 109.39 million USD).[1] The average annual power
generation from the 60 MW (3x20 MW) project is 340 GWh
with firm power of 39 MW
Rangit Dam which forms the headworks
of the Rangit Hydroelectric Power
Project Stage III, is a run-of-the-river
power project on the Ranjit River, a major
tributary of the Tista River in the South
Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian
state of Sikkim.

4.  Aerial View of Ranjit Dam and appurtenant works
 The Rangit dam is 45 metres (148 ft) high concrete gravity structure of 100 metres
(330 ft) length. The reservoir created behind the dam has a storage capacity of
1,175,000 cubic metres. The storage created is utilized for hydropower generation at a
surface Powerhouse located on the left bank of the Rangit River. The diversion of flow
from the reservoir to the surface Powerhouse is effected through an Intake leading to a
concrete lined Head Race Tunnel (HRT) of 4.5 metres (15 ft) diameter (Horse shoe
shaped and concrete lined) of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) length, a Surge Shaft (14 metres
(46 ft) diameter and of 60 metres (200 ft) depth at the end of the HRT with control
arrangement followed by one main penstock pipe (of 3.5 metres (11 ft) diameter and
length of 270 metres (890 ft)) trifurcating into three lines of 2 metres (6.6 ft) diameter
each (with a total length of all three lines is 59 metres (194 ft)) to connect to the
three Francis Turbine Generating Units of 20 MW capacity each, through the MIVs. The
tailwaters from the turbines are led back into the river through a combined short
tailrace channel. The firm power generation is of the order of 39 MW corresponding to
annual energy generation of 340 GWh (in a 90% dependable year). The ruling levels for
power generation are: in the reservoir, Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of 639 metres
(2,096 ft) and Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of 627 metres (2,057 ft)), the Normal
Tail Water Level (NTWL) in the Tail Race Channel from the Powerhouse of 512 m and
under an operating gross head of 127 m.[2][3][4] Since it is owned by coastal projects ltd,
the power generated is shared and Sikkim gets a share of 13.33%.[7]

6.  A typical hydropower plant is a system with three parts:
 — a power plant where the electricity is produced;
 — a dam that can be opened or closed to control water
flow; and
 — a reservoir (artificial lake) where water can be stored.

7.  To generate electricity, a dam opens its gates to allow water from the
reservoir above to flow down through large tubes called penstocks. At the
bottom of the penstocks, the fast-moving water spins the blades of turbines.
The turbines are connected to generators to produce electricity. The
electricity is then transported via huge transmission lines to a local utility
company.
 Water in a reservoir behind a hydropower dam flows through an intake
screen, which filters out large debris, but allows fish to pass through.
 The water travels through a large pipe, called a penstock.

8.  The force of the water spins a turbine at a low speed, allowing fish to pass through
unharmed.
 Inside the generator, the shaft spins coils of copper wire inside a ring of magnets. This creates
an electric field, producing electricity.
 Electricity is sent to a switchyard, where a transformer increases the voltage, allowing it to
travel through the electric grid.
 Water flows out of the penstock into the downstream river.
 Head and Flow
 The amount of electricity that can be generated at a hydro plant is determined by two factors:
head and flow. Head is how far the water drops. It is the distance from the highest level of the
dammed water to the point where it goes through the power-producing turbine.

10.  Flow is how much water moves through the system—the more
water that moves through a system, the higher the flow. Generally,
a highhead plant needs less water flow than a low-head plant to
produce the same amount of electricity.
 Storing Energy
 One of the biggest advantages of a hydropower plant is its ability to
store energy. The water in a reservoir is, after all, stored energy.
Water can be stored in a reservoir and released when needed for
electricity production.
 During the day when people use more electricity, water can flow
through a plant to generate electricity. Then, during the night when
people use less electricity, water can be held back in the reservoir.
Storage also makes it possible to save water from winter rains for
generating power during the summer, or to save water from wet
years for generating electricity during dry years.