cultivation of saffron , production technology of saffron ,saffron , what is saffron , scientific name of saffron , origin place of saffron

1. CULTIVATION OF SAFFRON
EDITED By :- ARVIND YADAV
I.D :- 721,
Arvindy2510@buat721
Degree program : B.Sc.(hons) horticulture , Batch- 2017
Banda University of Agriculture And Technology
Banda 210001 up.

2. Saffron
Botanical Name: Crocus sativus
Family : Iridaceae
2n = 3x = 24
Origin place : India.
Other name : Keshara,Kunkuma,Assa,Kesar.
 Fennel shaped stigma is used as spice.
 Perennials herb globular underground corm.
 Major producer in the world- Iron.
 90 per cent of the world production – Iranian Saffron.
 In India ,only cultivated in Kashmir under rain condition.

3. Use ;-
 Saffron is very popular for its medicinal , flavouring and colouring properties.
 It is used in fevers , melancholia and enargement of the Liver and speen.

4. Botany
 Saffron is the small bulbous perennial.
 15-25cm in height with an under ground globular corm.
 Flower are large , blue or lavender in colour.
 Orange colour stigma .
 Saffron yields an essential oil and fixed oil as high 1.37 per cent and 13.4 per
cent respectively.

5. Climate and Soil
 It is a temperate season crop and thrives well in cold region.
 Optimum day temperature of 15 to 20 oC is require during flowering
period .
 Night temperature of 6 to 8 oC.
 Saffron can be grown different type of soil ranging from sandy to clay
loam with good drainage.

6. Varieties -
• SKU-S-86-KIS
• SKU-S-86-WAT
• SKU-S-86 Chad
• SKU-S-86 Lath
• EC-37328
• EC-221039

7. Propagation-
 Saffron is propagated by vegetative under ground corms.
 Corm selected for planting 2-5cm diameter.
Planting – planting time differs with the location-
 Kashmir valley – mid-August to mid-September.
 Himachal Pradesh- mid July to mid August.
 The corms are planted in furrow @ of 30 to 40g (500,000) per hac.

8. Manures and
Fertilizers
Apply 15 to 20 Tonnes of the FYM per hac.
50:10:50 kg per hac.N:P:K.
Irrigation-
 Saffron can not be irrigated during flowering season.
It is grown as an irrigated crop in spain, white it is cultivated as a rain-fed crop in
India.
Inter culture- Field should be weed free for the proper growth and production
of flowers.

9. Harvesting
plant flower in October- December,
Yield start from the first year , but economic yield is obtained from third year
onwards.
Flower are collected daily, early in morning after dew disappears.
Flower are cleaned and style and stigma are separated from perianth.

11. Processed products
 Tripartite stigma plucked from freshly collected flower and dried in
sun constitute saffron of best quality.
 Dry stigmas are storage in cloth bags or butter paper and packed in
closed tins or air tight wooden boxes.
 Present price of saffron is around Rs.50000 per Kg.

13. YIELD
 1,50,000 Flowers are required to produce 1 kg of good quality dried saffron.
 Maximum stage of production from the fourth year on words.
 2-2.5 kg per hac .production of in the Jammu and Kashmir.

15. Thanks