This document provides an overview of osteology and arthrology. It defines osteology as the study of bones, noting there are 206 bones in the human body. Bones can be classified according to their shape, development, region in the body, and structural characteristics. Arthrology is defined as the study of joints, of which there are 360 in the human body. Joints connect two or more bones and can be classified structurally, functionally, regionally, and by the number of articulating bones. The document provides examples to illustrate each classification of bones and joints.

1. PRESENTED BY: ZAINAB IQBAL 1

2. OSTEOLOGY AND ARTHOLOGY
PRESENTED BY: ZAINAB IQBAL
UNITED COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL
THERAPY
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3. CONTENTS
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 WHAT IS OSTEOLOGY
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
 WHAT IS ARTHOLOGY
 CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

4. OSTEOLOGY
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 OSTEO: MEANS BONES
 LOGOS:MEANS STUDY
 STUDY OF BONES IS KNOWN AS OSTEOLOGY
 THERE ARE 206 BONES IN HUMAN BODY

5. CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
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 According to shape
 Developmental Classification
 Regional classification
 Structural Classification

6. According to shape
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There are SIX shapes.
1.Long bones
2.Short bones
3.Flat bones
4.Irregular bones
5.Pneumatic bones
6.Sesamoid bones

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Regional classification
AXIAL SKELETON:
INCLUDE skull vertebral
column and thoracic cage
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
:INCLUDE pelvis girdle pelvic
girdle upper limb and lower limb.
TWO TYPES OF REGIONAL
CLASSIFICATION

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STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

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COMPACT BONE: Also known as
cortical bone,
is a denser material used to create
much of hard structure of skeleton
Contain yellow bone marrow
SPONGY BONE:
Also known as Cancellous bone
,is a very porous type of
bone found in animals .
Contain red bone marrow
MACROSCOPICALLY

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MICROSCOPICALLY
1.LAMMELLAR BONE:Most of the muture human bone,
whether compact or cancellous,composed of thin
plates of bony tissue called lamellae.
2. WOVEN BONE: Seen in fetal bone,fracture repair and
in cancer of bone.
3.FIBROUS BONE: Found in young foetal bones.but are
common in reptiles and amphibia.
4.DENTINE AND CEMENT : Occur in teeth.

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ARTHOLOGY
ARTHO MEANS: JOINTS
LOGY MEANS: STUDY
STUDY ABOUT JOINTS IS KNOWN AS
ARTHOLOGY
THERE ARE 360 JOINTS IN HUMAN BODY
JOINTS: Junction between two or more bones

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CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
A.STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
B.FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
C.REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
D.ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF
ARTICULATING BONES

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•When two
bones
articulate
When two or
more than
two bones
Composed
of three or
more
skeletal
elements or
in which two
anatomically
separate
joints
function as a
unit

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ANY QUESTION

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