it's have many type of sepration technique and again mixture of element or different material for the next day

1. Academic Specialist at BYJU’s
Topic: Techniques of Separation of
Mixture
By Arjun Sharma

2. Methods Of Separating Mixtures
• Handpicking
• Threshing
• Winnowing
• Sieving
• Evaporation
• Distillation
• Filtration or Sedimentation
• Separating Funnel
• Magnetic Separation

3. Techniques of Separation
• You must have seen that we clean/separate
different substances - we filter tea
powder while making tea, we clean rice with
water before using it for cooking and so on.
These are the processes we use commonly to
separate substances. In this chapter, we will
study some methods used to separate
substances.

4. Handpicking
• Manually separating stones, dust, husk from
grain, rice and wheat is referred to
as handpicking.

5. Advantages
• It is used to remove bigger
particles of dust from
smaller grains.
• This method take less time
of less quantity of
substance.
• Efficiency of using this
method is higher than
others.
Disadvantages
• It is a very time-consuming
process .
• It cannot be used when the
dust and stone particles are
small in size.
• It is only possible when
substances are visibly
different in size.

6. Threshing
• Stalks of grains are dried in the sun.
• Then once they are dry, they are manually
beaten hard to free the grains from the
stalks. This is referred to Threshing
• Sometimes, bullocks or machines are
used.

7. • It helped in increasing
production so as to cater to
rising demands.
• It reduced the dependence
on the labors.
• It allowed quick work and
improved efficiency.
• Poor laborers had to face
the loss of jobs and
starvation.
• Many of them took bank
loans to buy machines. They
could not pay back their
debt and deserted their
farms.
• The expansion of wheat
agriculture also led to the
Dust Bowl.
Advantages Disadvantages

9. Winnowing
• This is a very common method to separate
heavier grain particles from lighter dust
particles.
• The mixture containing the grain and dust is
held high (approximately at shoulder or chest
height).
• It is slightly tilted and given a gentle
movement such that the lighter particles like
husk fall out. This is called Threshing.

11. • Winnowing is defined
as a method in which
heavier components of
the mixture are
separated from the
lighter substances.
• This process does not
work for materials
heavier than grains like
stones
Advantages Disadvantages

12. Sieving
• A sieve is used to filter out the dust particles.
• It is very commonly used for cleaning flour.
• In Sieving, fine flour particles are allowed to
pass through the holes of the sieve while the
bigger impurities remain on the sieve.

14. • It is the process of
separating husk from
gain.
• Farmers used to do it by
making the gains and
husk mixture to fall
from the height. During
this process husk gets
separated by wind.
• It is done after
threshing
• It is the process of
loosening the edible
part (gain) from non-
edible parts (chaff).
• Farmers used to do it by
striking the crop on the
hard surface.
• It is done before
winnowing.
Winnowing Threshing

15. Evaporation
• Evaporation is a technique that is used in
separating a mixture usually a solution of a
solvent and a soluble solid. In this method, the
solution is heated until the organic
solvent evaporates where it turns into a gas
and mostly leaves behind the solid residue.

16. • When salt is mixed with water (seawater),
the water is heated until all the water
becomes vapor and only the salt is left
behind.
• This process of conversion of a liquid into its
vapor is called Evaporation
• This is how salt is separated from seawater.

17. Distillation
• It is a process of
water softening and it
involves heating the
water that it to be
softened. After that,
the vapour rise to the
condenser and then
the water condenses
and all the unwanted
elements remain in
the condenser tube.

18. • When mixtures consist of two or more pure liquids
than distillation is used. Here the components of a
liquid mixture are vaporized, condensed and then
isolated. The mixture is heated and the component
which is volatile vaporizes first. The vapour moves
through a condenser and is collected in a liquid state.

19. • It is an efficient method
of water softening for
smaller purposes.
• It is relatively cheap.
• It can also be reused.
• When distillation is
done on a larger scale, a
very high amount of
energy needed.
• The distilled water does
not contain any oxygen
and is also very
tasteless.
• It has very high levels of
acidity.
Advantages Disadvantages

20. Filtration
• The most common method of separating a
liquid from an insoluble solid is the filteration.
Take, for example, the mixture of sand and
water. Filtration is used here to remove solid
particles from the liquid. Various filtering
agents are normally used like filtering paper or
other materials.

22. Sedimentation
• Sedimentation is a process by which heavier
impurities present in liquid normally water
settle down at the bottom of the container
containing the mixture. The process takes
some amount of time.

24. Separating Funnel
• A separatory funnel, also known as
a separation funnel, separating
funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a
piece of laboratory glassware used in
liquid-liquid extractions to separate
(partition) the components of a
mixture into two immiscible solvent
phases of different densities.

25. Magnetic Separation
• It is used in the separation of components of
those mixtures in which one component
shows magnetic properties and another one
doesn’t. It is used in the extraction of metals
to separate the metal from its impurity.

27. Sublimation
• Sublimation is the transition of a substance
directly from the solid to the gas state,
without passing through the liquid state