The Presentation on "Global Positioning System" gives an insight on the segment of GPS, how the positioning system works, its advantages and disadvantages, applications and new innovations in the field. Disclaimer: None of the information in the above Presentation is authored by me. They references for the information used is the internet, news articles and books.

1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

2. What is GPS?
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) is a U.S.-owned utility
that provides users with
positioning, navigation, and
timing services. This system
consists of three segments:
the space segment, the
control segment, and the user
segment. The U.S. Air Force
develops, maintains, and
operates the space and
control segments.

3. The GPS space segment
consists of a constellation of
satellites transmitting radio
signals to users. The United
States is committed to
maintaining the availability of
at least 24 operational GPS
satellites, 95% of the time. To
ensure this commitment, the
Air Force has been flying 31
operational GPS satellites for
the past few years.
Space Segment

4. Control Segment
The GPS control segment consists of a global network of
ground facilities that track the GPS satellites, monitor their
transmissions, perform analyses, and send commands and
data to the constellation.

5. User Segment
• The U.S. military uses GPS for
navigation, reconnaissance, and
missile guidance systems.
Civilian use of GPS developed at
the same time as military uses
were being established, and has
expanded far beyond original
expectations. There are civilian
applications for GPS in almost
every field, from surveying to
transportation to natural
resource management to
agriculture.

7. How GPS works
GPS satellites circle the Earth
twice a day in a precise orbit.
Each satellite transmits a
unique signal and orbital
parameters that allow GPS
devices to decode and
compute the precise location
of the satellite. GPS receivers
use this information and
trilateration to calculate a
user's exact location.

8. Essentially, the GPS receiver
measures the distance to
each satellite by the amount
of time it takes to receive a
transmitted signal. With
distance measurements from
a few more satellites, the
receiver can determine a
user's position and display it
electronically to measure
your running route, map a
golf course, find a way home
or adventure anywhere.

9. To calculate your 2-D position (latitude and longitude)
and track movement, a GPS receiver must be locked
on to the signal of at least 3 satellites. With 4 or more
satellites in view, the receiver can determine your 3-D
position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Generally,
a GPS receiver will track 8 or more satellites, but that
depends on the time of day and where you are on
the earth

10. APPLICATIONS
GPS is an essential element of
the global information
infrastructure. The free, open,
and dependable nature of GPS
has led to the development of
hundreds of applications
affecting every aspect of
modern life. GPS technology is
now in everything from cell
phones and wristwatches to
bulldozers, shipping containers,
and ATM's.

11. GPS boosts productivity across a wide swath of the
economy, to include farming, construction, mining,
surveying, package delivery, and logistical supply chain
management. Major communications networks, banking
systems, financial markets, and power grids depend
heavily on GPS for precise time synchronization. Some
wireless services cannot operate without it.

12. GPS saves lives by preventing
transportation accidents, aiding
search and rescue efforts, and
speeding the delivery of
emergency services and disaster
relief. GPS is vital to the Next
Generation Air Transportation
System (NextGen) that will
enhance flight safety while
increasing airspace capacity. GPS
also advances scientific aims
such as weather forecasting,
earthquake monitoring, and
environmental protection.

13. Finally, GPS remains critical to U.S. national security,
and its applications are integrated into virtually
every facet of U.S. military operations. Nearly all
new military assets -- from vehicles to munitions --
come equipped with GPS.

14. ADVANTAGES
• GPS is extremely easy to navigate as
it tells you to the direction for each
turns you take or you have to take to
reach to your destination.
• GPS works in all weather so you
need not to worry of the climate as
in other navigating devices.
• The GPS costs you very low in
comparison other navigation
systems.
• The most attractive feature of this
system is its 100% coverage on the
planet.

15. • It also helps you to search the nearby
restaurants, hotels and gas stations
and is very useful for a new place.
• Due to its low cost, it is very easy to
integrate into other technologies like
cell phone.
• The system is updated regularly by the
US government and hence is very
advanced.
• This is the best navigating system in
water as in larger water bodies we are
often misled due to lack of proper
directions.

16. DISADVANTAGES
• Sometimes the GPS may fail due to
certain reasons and in that case you
need to carry a backup map and
directions.
• If you are using GPS on a battery
operated device, there may be a
battery failure and you may need a
external power supply which is not
always possible.
• Sometimes the GPS signals are not
accurate due to some obstacles to
the signals such as buildings, trees
and sometimes by extreme
atmospheric conditions such as
geomagnetic storms.

17. INTERESTING FACTS
Official USDOD name for GPS is NAVSTAR
The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.
A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.
Each satellite is built to last about 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into
orbit.
A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels
extended.
GPS satellites are powered by solar energy, but they have backup batteries onboard, in case of a solar
eclipse.
Transmitter power is only 50 Watts or less.

18. India’s progress in GPS
• The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
with an operational name of NAVIC is an autonomous
regional satellite navigation system that is being set up
by India, that will be used to provide accurate real-time
positioning and timing services over India and the region
extending to 1,500 kilometers around India. The NAVIC
system consists of a constellation of 3 satellites
in Geostationary orbit, 4 satellites in Geosynchronous
orbit, approximately 36,000 kilometers altitude above
earth surface, and two satellites on the ground as stand-
by, in addition to ground stations. The project approved by
government in 2006

19. India now has a constellation
of its own — seven satellites
that make up the Indian
Regional Navigation Satellite
System that will work together
to provide accurate services
including terrestrial, aerial and
marine navigation, mobile
phone services, mapping and
land surveying data, voice
navigation for cars and
disaster management.

20. New Innovations in
the field of GPS
• Mahindra has launched a
mobile/tablet app or desktop
based vehicle connect system
for its vehicles in India. The new
system has been rolled out first
for commercial vehicles across
Mahindra's portfolio.
• Dcode Technology is running a
Kickstarter project for a solar
powered backpack with a built-
in GPS tracker.
• The technology is widely used all
over the world to monitor
fitness levels of footballers.

21. One way farmers are keeping food prices down and
supply up is by using GPS technology in agriculture to
guide their tractors and provide more precise data for
planting and harvesting. Large-scale and smaller
farms alike are combining GPS with other technology,
such as geographic information systems, or GIS, to
optimize factors such as soil treatments and proper
irrigation for various types of crops.

22. • Google vision
• Direct to eye GPS
goggles
• Satellite monitoring
on your footwear
• PetsCell
• Sony GPS CS1
• Braille City Map
• GPS HookUp
• GPS steering wheel
• GPS Hologram
• CarConnect

23. Now operators of fleet GPS
tracking equipment can keep up
to date with mobile tracking.
You can use an Apple iPad,
iPhone, Android, Blackberry, or
even a Kindle to track a live
tracking device. Now you can
keep an eye on your vehicle
fleet whilst out of the office.
Aside from these applications ,
there are many more beneficial
and useful ones like Watches for
Alzheimer’s and GPS glasses

25. THANK YOU Arjun Manjooran
1561382
Reference:
www.gps.gov