3. Objectives
Apoptosis is responsible for maintaining the regular
functions & activities of cells, the failure of which
may contribute the various clinical manifestations
like cancer, autoimmune disorders.
4. Definition
Apoptosis is a pathway of cell death that is induced
by a tightly regulated suicide program in which cell
destined to die activate intrinsic enzymes that degrade
the cells own nuclear DNA & nuclear and
cytoplasmic proteins.
9. • Caspase enzyme activation is important step
2 Phases
Initiation phase – Caspase become enzymatically
active
Execution phase – Caspase trigger the degradation of
critical cellular components
13. Morphological features
1. Cell shrinkage
2. Chromatin condensation
3. Formation of cytoplasmic blebs
4. Apoptotic bodies
5. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or cell
bodies
14.
15. Clinicopathological Correlations
1. Growth Factor Deprivation
2. DNA damage
3. Protein misfolding
4. Apoptosis induced by the TNF Receptor Family
5. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis
16. Disorders Associated with Dysregulated
Apoptosis
Defective apoptosis
- Cancer
- Autoimmune disorders
Increased apoptosis
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- Ischemic injury
- Death of virus-infected cells
17. Summary
1. Pathway of cell death
2. Suicidal programme
3. Physiological & Pathological condition
4. Two pathways
5. Clinical aspects
