This slide is a part of my upcoming course in August 2023 on Upper Limb and Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Anatomy. Course lectures will be on zoom . There will be two courses one on upper limb anatomy and other on lower limb anatomy. In Upper limb course I will teach Shoulder, elbow, hand and wrist region. In lower limb course I will teach hip, knee, ankle and foot region. I will cover bones, muscles and tendons, ligaments, neuro vasculature. At the end we will have clinical practice scenarios and discussions. link to the poster is https://www.linkedin.com/posts/areeb-fatima-pt-2b6267200_this-is-an-upcoming-course-on-anatomy-in-activity-7078404403921137664-lYWE?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/areeb-fatima-pt-2b6267200_anatomy-teaching-onlinecourses-activity-7078405733255380992-20mN?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/areeb-fatima-pt-2b6267200_anatomy-teaching-healthcare-activity-7078406692186595328-nrAE?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

1. SUMMER STUDY SERIES
MUSCULOSKELETAL
ANATOMY (DEMO CLASS)
Presented By Areeb Fatima PT
Student Doctor Of Physical Therapy
This presentation is a demo
version of the course

2. Topic :
Elbow Region
(Bones )
Topic :
Elbow Region
(Bones )

3. Elbow Region
Humerus (Distal part)
Radius (Proximal part)
Ulna (Proximal part)
Bones included in elbow region are:
Ulnohumeral joint
Radiohumeral joint
Superior radioulnar joint
Joints present in elbow region are:

5. Humerus
Distal end

6. Humerus (Distal Part)
Distal end of humerus consists of:
Capitulum
Trochlea
Medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
Olecranon Fossa
Coronoid Fossa
Radial Fossa

8. Lateral epicondyle
The lateral border of the humerus ends at the lateral epicondyle.
Lower portion constitutes the lateral supracondylar ridge.
The lateral epicondyle occupies the lateral part of the non-articular
portion of the condyle.
Its lateral and anterior surfaces show a well-marked impression for the
superficial group of the extensor muscles of the forearm
The posterior surface, which is very slightly convex, is easily felt in a
depression visible behind the extended elbow

9. Lateral supracondylar ridge
Radial Fossa
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
The anterior aspect of distal end
of humerus
(Lateral side)

10. Capitulum
The capitulum is a rounded, convex projection, considerably
less than half a sphere
Covers the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lateral part of
the condyle of the humerus but does not extend on to its
posterior surface.
It articulates with the discoid head of the radius, which lies in
contact with its inferior surface in full extension of the elbow
but slides on to its anterior surface during flexion.

11. Lateral supracondylar ridge
Lateral epicondyle
The posterior aspect of
distal end of humerus
(Lateral side)

12. Radial Fossa
A very slight depression, the radial fossa, lies above the capitulum on
the lateral side of the coronoid fossa
related to the margin of the head of the radius in full flexion of the
elbow.

13. Medial epicondyle
The medial border of the humerus ends by turning slightly backwards as
the medial epicondyle.
It is subcutaneous and usually visible, especially in passive flexion of the
elbow.
Its posterior surface is smooth and is crossed by the ulnar nerve
The lower part of the anterior surface of the medial epicondyle is marked
by the attachment of the superficial group of forearm flexors.

14. Shaft
Medial Supracondylar ridge
Coronoid Fossa
Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
The anterior aspect of distal
end of humerus
(Medial side)

15. Trochlea
Covers the anterior, inferior and posterior surfaces of the condyle of the
humerus medially
Articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.
Its medial margin projects distally beyond the rest of the bone.
When the elbow is extended, the inferior and posterior aspects of the
trochlea are in contact with the ulna but, as the joint is flexed, the
trochlear notch slides on to the anterior aspect so that its posterior
aspect is then left uncovered.
The downward projection of the medial edge of the trochlea is the
principal factor in determining the degree of angulation between the long
axis of the humerus and the long axis of the supinated forearm when the
elbow is extended.

16. Coronoid Fossa
Lies immediately above the trochlea on the anterior surface of the
condyle
Accommodates the anterior margin of the coronoid process of the ulna
during flexion of the elbow

17. Medial supracondylar ridge
Medial epicondyle
olecranon fossa
Sulcus for ulnar nerve
Trochlea
The posterior aspect of distal
end of humerus
(Medial side)

18. The olecranon fossa is a deep hollow on the posterior surface of the
condyle, immediately above the trochlea
lodges the tip of the olecranon of the ulna when the elbow is extended
Olecranon fossa

22. Radius
Proximal End

23. Radius
The radius is the lateral bone of the forearm.
It has expanded proximal and distal ends; the distal is much the broader.
The shaft widens rapidly towards its distal end, and is convex laterally and
concave anteriorly in its distal part.
The radius articulates with the humeral capitulum, the ulna and the
carpus.

25. Proximal End Of Radius
Head
Neck
Tuborosity
Proximal end of radius includes:

27. Head
The head is discoid, its proximal surface a shallow cup for articulation with
the humeral capitulum.
Its smooth articular periphery is vertically deepest medially, where it
contacts the ulnar radial notch.
The posterior surface of the radial head is palpable on the posterolateral
aspect of the extended elbow.

28. Neck
The head overhangs the neck, which is the circumferential constriction
immediately below it, particularly laterally
Radial Tuberosity
The tuberosity is distal to the medial part of the neck; posteriorly, it is rough,
whereas anteriorly, it is usually smooth.

30. Ulna
Proximal End

31. Ulna
The ulna is medial to the radius in the supinated forearm.
Its proximal end is a massive hook, concave forwards, that articulates with
the distal humerus

34. Proximal end of Ulna
Olecranon Process
Coronoid Process
Trochlear notch
Radial notch
Proximal end of ulna consists of:

36. Olecranon process
The olecranon is more proximal and is bent forwards at its summit like a
beak that enters the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension.
Its posterior surface is smooth, triangular and subcutaneous, and its
proximal border underlies the ‘point’ of the elbow.
In extension, it can be felt near a line joining the humeral epicondyles, but
in flexion, it descends, so that the three osseous points form an isosceles
triangle.
Its anterior, articular surface forms the proximal area of the trochlear
notch.
Its base is slightly constricted where it joins the shaft and is the narrowest
part of the proximal ulna.

37. Coronoid process
The coronoid process projects anteriorly distal to the olecranon.
Its proximal aspect forms the distal part of the trochlear notch.
On the lateral surface, distal to the trochlear notch, a shallow, smooth,
oval radial notch articulates with the radial head. Distal to the radial
notch, the surface is hollow to accommodate the radial tuberosity during
pronation and supination.
The anterior surface of the coronoid is triangular.
Its distal part is the tuberosity of the ulna and its medial border is sharp
and bears a small tubercle proximally

38. Trochlear notch
The trochlear notch articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
It is constricted at the junction of the olecranon and coronoid processes,
where their articular surfaces may be separated by a narrow, rough, non-
articular strip.
A smooth ridge, adapted to the groove on the humeral trochlea, divides
the notch into medial and lateral parts. The medial fits into the trochlear
flange

39. Radial Notch
The radial notch, an oval or oblong proximal depression on the lateral
aspect of the coronoid process
Articulates with the periphery of the radial head and is separated from the
trochlear notch by a smooth ridge

40. 1
Bone
Humerus: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/humerus-
37755d8efcc54feeaef37361169aa6e9
2
Bone
Radius: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/radius-
310ba8b9f5c44ec59a888762696adbf8
3
Bone
Ulna: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/ulna-
463e2864ca7143e1b7284fe2111d4a85
3D Model Links

41. Anterior and posterior view

42. Lateral and medial view

43. lateral and medial view

44. Gray's Anatomy University of Michigan
Keith L. Moore
The anatomical basis of clinical practice
forty first edition
Clinically oriented anatomy Eighth edition
Resources
Anatomy Blue Links
1 3
2

45. Thank You