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© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Business Analytics Overview
13th June 2020
Anurag Seksaria
anurags@BMGIndia.com
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© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Session Plan
1. About BMGI
2. Why Business Analytics & Need for Structured Approach
3. Introduction to Customer Segmentation Case
4. SCRUB, EXLPLORE & MODEL Data – Through Case Study
5. INTERPRET & Manage Change
6. AI & ML Opportunities
7. Unstructured Analytics
8. Software Tools Comparison
9. Expanding to Multiple Areas & Case Studies
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© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
OUR MISSION
“To partner with our clients for unlocking their inherent potential
through innovative solutions and delivering breakthrough results”
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BMGI OVERVIEW
INSOURCING
LEADERSHIP
OBJECTIVITY
INSIGHT
GLOBAL
EMPLOYEES100+
GEOGRAPHIES
SERVICED16+
CLIENTS
SERVICED200+RESULTS
BMGI enables businesses to solve strategic, organizational and process problems.
COMPETENCIES
§ Innovation and Design
§ Customer Insighting
§ Strategy Planning & Deployment
§ Problem Solving
§ Process Improvement
INDUSTRIES
• Services.
• IT / ITeS / BPO
• Education
• BFSI
• Hospitality
PUBLICATIONS
§ The Innovator’s Toolkit
§ Insourcing Innovation
§ The Complete Idiot’s Guide
to Lean Six Sigma
§ Design for Lean Six Sigma
Manufacturing
• Pharma
• FMCG
• Chemicals
• Automotive
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BMGI’S Services For Enabling Business Success
StrategizeInnovate
Solve Problems Transform Business
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WHAT CAUSED THE CHANGE
Significant Reduction in
Accidents due to drunken driving
30% Move from Self
Driving to UBER
Local Police has become
Tough on Drunken Drivers
Drinking itself has reducing
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Why UPS Trucks Never Take Left Turn
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§ Business analytics (BA) refers to the skills, tools & techniques,
practices for continuous iterative exploration and
investigation of past business performance to gain insight and
drive improvements
§ Business analytics is based on data and statistical methods.
What is Business Analytics?
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Machine Learning – Training – Testing - Validation
Original Set
Training Set
Training Set Testing Set
Testing Set
Validation. Set
Machine Learning
Algorithmic
Predative Model
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Four Pillars of Business Analytics Studies
Ø Descriptive Analytics - What Happened?
Ø Diagnostic Analytics - Why Did it Happen?
Ø Predictive Analytics - What Happens If?
Ø Prescriptive Analytics - How to Make it Happen?
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üHow much volume did we sell last month in the GREEN ZONES?
üHow many of our consignments reached/arrived late?
üHow much was the delay in receiving the payments?
üHow much is the error rate or rejection rate?
Descriptive Analytics - What Happened?
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üA sudden drop/increase in sales?
üSudden increase in customer returns or Internal Rejection Rates?
üHigher number of employee taking leave?
Look for cause and effect to illustrate why something occurred
Techniques include classification and regression analysis (CART)
Diagnostic Analytics - Why Did it Happen?
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Beer and Diapers
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Beer and the Diapers
v Wal-Mart decided to combine the data from its loyalty card system (demographic Information)
with its point of sale systems (what customer bought)
v Once combined, the data was mined extensively and many correlations appeared.
v People who buy GIN in are also likely to buy TONIC, they often also buy LEMONS
v However, one correlation stood out
v On Friday afternoons, young American who buy DIAPERS (nappies) also buy BEER
15
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Strategic and Incidental Purchase
Ø Bread & Butter/Cheese
Ø Beer and Chips
How should we place them
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üIf the monsoon is delayed by a month, grains process might go up by xx%
üIf the competitor increases the discount by x% our sales will go down by y%
üIf RBI reduces interest rates by xx%, stock market will….
üIf we reduce our marketing spend by Rs xyz, we will loose sales by xx%
ê Combine outcomes of descriptive and diagnostic analytics into actionable insights
for decision making
ê Techniques include - Confidence intervals, T statistics and P values, applied
machine learning algorithms, classification models and regression models
Predictive Analytics - What Happens If
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üIf I use higher grade ingredient the yield will improve by x%
üIf We increase the bulk discount by x%, sales will go up by y%
üIf we increase the machine speed by 25%, rejections are likely to go up by 1%
ê Techniques include - Artificial intelligence, Machine Learning and Neural Network
algorithms
Prescriptive Analytics - How to Make it Happen
18
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Potential Value Delivery through Analytics?
§ Optimization
• What price should we charge for this product?
• How much inventory should we keep?
§ Segmentation
• Who should we market to?
• More importantly – who should we NOT market to?
§ Recommendations
• You bought X therefore you may want to buy Y?
• Right set of employees for given type of Roles?
§ Forecasting
• How much will we sell next quarter?
• Repeating weather patterns?
• Volumes by Day of The Week, Day of the Month?
• Attrition by Level of Employees
§ Risk Assessment
• Who will pay me, on time? Who will not?
• Potential Fraud
19
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Structured vs Unstructured Data
Ø Structured
§ Tables with rows and columns
§ Each data set follows a schema/structure
Ø Unstructured
§ Videos
§ Images
§ Documents
§ No schema/structure, but data is there
20
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Why is Analytics Gaining Importance
A. Availability of Good Data
B. Computing Capability
C. Higher number of influencing Factors
D. Dynamic Environment and Need to Decide Fast
E. Need to establish insights from unknown & unexplored factors
21
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OSEMN Methodology Overview
Public/Web data
Cloud Database
Centralized
database
Local machines
Obtain
Scrub
Explore
Model
iNterpret
Cleaning data
• Joining data
• Standardizing
• Missing Values & Duplicates
• Data Formatting
• Feature Scaling
• Data Encoding
Exploratory Analysis
• Descriptive
Statistics
• Graphical Analysis
• Comparing Groups
• Feature Engineering
Regression
Decision Tree
Logistic Regression
Cluster Analysis
Naive Bayes
classifier
Data Interpretation
Hyperparameter Tuning
Iterations
Delivering Business Value
Soft Skills
• Stakeholder Analysis
• Communication Plan
• Questioning Techniques
• Change Management
Case Studies
23
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
BIG Data needs special attention
The term ‘Big Data’ is:
Ø Frequently abused…..
Ø Thrown around by bloggers and journalists to increase hits….
Ø Data ‘too big to fit in Excel’ – Really???
24
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
What is Big Data: 5 Vs
Variety – different types of data
Velocity – speed at which new data is generated
Volume – amount of data
Veracity – lack of quality and accuracy
VALUE – turn data into information, into knowledge, into wisdom
25
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Where does all this Big Data come from?
What's important for me, for my
organization, my customer?
• Immediate
• Short Term
• Mid Term
• Long Term
26
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Supervised and Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised
Supervised
27
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Supervised Learning
Characteristics of Employees Who Buy Our Product
Yes - Buy
No - Do Not Buy
28
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Types of Learning - Supervised
• Training data includes desired outputs.
• Machine is trained on past data and its output to learn the hidden pattern. Hence
Supervised
30
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Unsupervised Learning
Segment Employee with known Characteristics
Oval Body
Oval Body &
Square Head
Oval Body &
Circular Head
Oval & Gray Body
with Circular Head
Oval & White Body
with Circular Head
31
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Types of Learning - Unsupervised
• Training data does not include desired outputs
• Machine is not trained on any specific output. Hence, the name Unsupervised
Learning
33
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Types of Data
Ø Variable or Continuous
§ Salary in Dollars, Number of Years of experience
Ø Discreate or Attribute
§ Binary - Yes or No, Good or Bad, Present or Not Present
§ Ordinal - No of Family Members
§ Categorical – ZIP Code, Education, Profession
34
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Machine Learning
Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement LearningSupervised Learning
Target
Not Available
Target
Continuous Data
Target
Categorical Data
Target
Categorical Data
Target
Not Available
Regression Classification Clustering Association Classification Control
Use Cases:
• Ad Popularity
• Predicting Prices
• Growth Prediction
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
Use Cases:
• Predicting Churn
• Fraud Detection
• User Conversion
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
Use Cases:
• Segmentation
• Recommender
Systems
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
Use Cases:
• Market basket
analysis
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
Use Cases:
• Real-time Decisions
• Gameplay
• Learning Skills
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
Use Cases:
• Self Driving Cars
• Fault Detection
• Robot Navigation
Tabular Data:
Audio / Video Data:
35
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Background of the Project
Probability of taking Personal Loan
q A retail bank is interested in finding out the influence of Cross Selling Efforts to the existing
customers w.r.t. decision to take a Personal Loan
q The data were collected on various influencing factors given in next slide
36
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Data Structure 1 of 2
ü Personal Loan - Did this customer accept the personal loan
offered in the last campaign?
ü Customer ID
ü Customer's age in completed years
ü Experience #years of professional experience
ü Income Annual income of the customer ($000)
ü ZIPCode Home Address ZIP code.
ü Family size of the customer
ü Credit Card Average spending on credit cards per month
ü Education Level – Non-Graduate, Graduate; Professional
37
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Data Structure 2 of 2
ü Mortgage Value of house mortgage if any. ($000)
ü Securities Account Does the customer have a securities account with the bank?
ü Certificate of Deposit (CD) account with the bank?
ü Online Does the customer use internet banking facilities?
ü Credit Card – Yes or No
ü Does the customer use a credit card issued by UniversalBank?
38
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Big Data with Large Number of Features is Often Unbalanced
Number of Customers by ZIP Code & Education
Education
ZIP Codes 1 2 3 Grand Total
9307 1 1
90007 5 1 6
90009 4 2 2 8
90011 1 1 1 3
90016 2 2
90018 2 2 4
90019 1 2 2 5
90024 20 12 18 50
90025 5 7 7 19
90027 2 1 3
90028 4 2 2 8
90029 4 1 5
90032 5 2 1 8
90033 4 2 3 9
90034 12 2 6 20
90035 1 1 4 6
90036 5 1 1 7
90037 2 1 2 5
90041 5 1 4 10
90044 1 1 2
90045 3 3
Number of Customers
1. Missing Not at Random (MNAR)
2. Missing at Random (MAR)
3. Missing completely at Random (MCAR)
4. Missing at Random (MAR) Missing completely at Random
(MCAR)
39
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40
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Ø Missing Values
Ø Duplicate Value
Ø Dimensionality/Scale
Ø Outliers/Extreme Values
Ø Combining Data from Multiple Sources
SCRUB
41
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
EXPLORE : How reliable is Analysis on Pivot Table….
No of Family Member
% Loan Availed
No Yes
1 93% 7%
2 92% 8%
3 87% 13%
4 89% 11%
Grand Total 90% 10%
Education
% Loan Availed
No Yes
Non Graduate 96% 4%
Graduate 87% 13%
Post Graduate 86% 14%
Grand Total 90% 10%
% Avail Loan Family Size
Education 1 2 3 4 Overall
Non Graduate 1% 1% 11% 10% 4%
Graduate 12% 19% 11% 11% 13%
Post Graduate 12% 14% 18% 12% 14%
Overall 7% 8% 13% 11% 10%
42
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EXPLORE - Data Distributions
43
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Complex relationships between Output and Inputs
Number of relationships cannot be fitted with Liner, Quadratic or even advance
polynomial equations
44
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MODEL - CART
45
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Cost of Misclassification
46
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Relative Importance of Factors
47
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Decision Tree
Overall Hit Rate
9.5%
Salary < 92.5K
0.7%
Income>92.5%
33%
Non Graduates
10%
Graduates +
72%
Family 1,2
Near 0%
Family 3+
38%
Focus on Clients with
• Income >92.5K
• Graduates +
• Non-Graduates - Family Size 3+
48
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Train and Test Model Summary
49
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Prediction
q The model provides ability to predict hit rate for multiple
profiles
q Individuals with income 150K & Non-Graduates, the hit
rate is below 1% if family size is 1 or 2, this goes up to
72% if family size is 3 or 4.
50
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Confusion – Train v/s Test
51
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Unsupervised Learning – Cluster Observations
q Scenarios where no specific outcome is specified or known
q In the same banking environment we have information of 5000 customers profiles.
q Objective is to Segment customers in the logical groups
52
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Cluster Observations - Dendrogram
53
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Cluster Centroids
Variable Cluster1 Cluster2 Cluster3 Cluster4 Cluster5 Grand centroid
Age 43.4 46.1 46.7 42.1 45.7 45.3
Experience 18.1 21.0 21.4 17.0 20.7 20.1
Income 29.3 108.2 66.1 188.6 149.6 73.8
Family 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.4
CCAvg 0.9 2.6 1.7 4.7 4.0 1.9
Education 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.9
Cluster Properties – Income and Credit Card Spend
No of Observations. 1998 499 1761 104 158 5000
Chances of Taking Loan. 0%. 29%. 3%. 51%. 43%
54
Unstructured Analytics
Sourcing
Extracting
Categorizing
Visualization
55
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Customer Sentiment Analysis
56
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Tracing LinkedIn Profile
Application
ü Swipe in swipe out
ü New Employee Onboarding
ü Guest/Visitor Management
57
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Security Enhancement
58
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
SPACE
CUSTOMER FEEDBACK – RESORT
BEACH ROOM
Far
Crowd
Water
Room
Service
Fun
Great
Shower
Staff
Clean
59
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IShallNever MixWater
Prof Juran’s Example on Root Cause Analysis
60
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Threat to Causal Inferences
1. Selection
2. Simultaneity
3. Omitted Variable
4. Measurement Error
61
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Selection – Sample is Not Representative
62
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Correlation Causation
63
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Simultaneity – X and Y Cause Each Other
64
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Point to Remember
q Any such analysis should be used with complete care as misinterpretations can add to frustration
and result in disbelief in scientific methods
q While we are using advanced analytics tools to further strengthen our ability to identify root cause,
Team Engagement, Brainstorming, FMEA, Why-Why Analysis, 6-3-5, Mistake Proofing, Daily Work
Management remain equally important
q Good old Rule applies Business Problem – Statistical Problem – Statistical Solution – Business
Solution
65
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Data Enrichment - Using Secondary Data
Data enrichment is the process of creating new features by introducing data from external sources.
ü Information on Bank’s Customer Salary Increase Decrease can be extracted from Saving Bank
Transaction Records
ü Expenditure pattern can be extracted from Credit Card Bills
ü Addition in family member can be accessed through Birth and Death Register, Mediclaim’s, etc.
66
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Opportunity to Use AI and ML
q The model can be linked to multiple data sources within/outside bank to update the information on
existing parameters and add additional parameters like Age of Family Members, Changes in Income and
investment, etc
q This information can be used to auto trigger the agents to enable enhancement of cross selling
effectiveness, launching new products etc.
Licensing Open Source Open Source SaaS High / One-Time SaaS
Ease of use Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Medium Easy
Applications Broad Broad Broad Narrow Dataset Specific
Easy to Understand Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Difficult
(Requires Coding)
Medium Easy
Setup Time Months Months Weeks Weeks 10 mins
Training Speed Weeks / Months Weeks / Months Days Days < 1 minute
Deployment Time Months Months Weeks Weeks < 1 minute
Engineer Involvement High
(Requires Coding)
High
(Requires Coding)
High
(Requires Coding)
Medium None
Cloud Specific? No No Yes (Only Supports AWS) No No
Support N/A N/A via Email via Email 24x5 Hands-On Support
Software Landscape & Comparison
68
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
BMGI Certified Business Analytics Professional
Module 1 : Foundation
Module 2 : Advanced Modelling
+ Python & R (Optional)
Module 3 : Forecasting &
Visualisation
Module 4 - Optimisation,
AI & ML
69
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Case Studies
70
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Sample Case Studies
1. Reduction in Processing Time and Error Rate
2. Profitability improvement in multi channel Sales
3. Predicting and reducing days of Sales Outstanding
4. Deriving actionable insights from Employee Satisfaction Survey
5. Reduction in Customer Returns and Complaints
6. Reduction in Procure to Pay Cycle Time
71
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
72
© BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
Wish you All the Best!!!!

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Overview business analytics 13th june 2020 v4

  • 1. 1 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Business Analytics Overview 13th June 2020 Anurag Seksaria anurags@BMGIndia.com
  • 2. 2 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Session Plan 1. About BMGI 2. Why Business Analytics & Need for Structured Approach 3. Introduction to Customer Segmentation Case 4. SCRUB, EXLPLORE & MODEL Data – Through Case Study 5. INTERPRET & Manage Change 6. AI & ML Opportunities 7. Unstructured Analytics 8. Software Tools Comparison 9. Expanding to Multiple Areas & Case Studies
  • 3. 3 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. OUR MISSION “To partner with our clients for unlocking their inherent potential through innovative solutions and delivering breakthrough results”
  • 4. 4 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. BMGI OVERVIEW INSOURCING LEADERSHIP OBJECTIVITY INSIGHT GLOBAL EMPLOYEES100+ GEOGRAPHIES SERVICED16+ CLIENTS SERVICED200+RESULTS BMGI enables businesses to solve strategic, organizational and process problems. COMPETENCIES § Innovation and Design § Customer Insighting § Strategy Planning & Deployment § Problem Solving § Process Improvement INDUSTRIES • Services. • IT / ITeS / BPO • Education • BFSI • Hospitality PUBLICATIONS § The Innovator’s Toolkit § Insourcing Innovation § The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Lean Six Sigma § Design for Lean Six Sigma Manufacturing • Pharma • FMCG • Chemicals • Automotive
  • 5. 5 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. BMGI’S Services For Enabling Business Success StrategizeInnovate Solve Problems Transform Business
  • 6. 6 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. WHAT CAUSED THE CHANGE Significant Reduction in Accidents due to drunken driving 30% Move from Self Driving to UBER Local Police has become Tough on Drunken Drivers Drinking itself has reducing
  • 7. 7 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Why UPS Trucks Never Take Left Turn
  • 8. 8 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. § Business analytics (BA) refers to the skills, tools & techniques, practices for continuous iterative exploration and investigation of past business performance to gain insight and drive improvements § Business analytics is based on data and statistical methods. What is Business Analytics?
  • 9. 9 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Machine Learning – Training – Testing - Validation Original Set Training Set Training Set Testing Set Testing Set Validation. Set Machine Learning Algorithmic Predative Model
  • 10. 10 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Four Pillars of Business Analytics Studies Ø Descriptive Analytics - What Happened? Ø Diagnostic Analytics - Why Did it Happen? Ø Predictive Analytics - What Happens If? Ø Prescriptive Analytics - How to Make it Happen?
  • 11. 11 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. üHow much volume did we sell last month in the GREEN ZONES? üHow many of our consignments reached/arrived late? üHow much was the delay in receiving the payments? üHow much is the error rate or rejection rate? Descriptive Analytics - What Happened?
  • 12. 12 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. üA sudden drop/increase in sales? üSudden increase in customer returns or Internal Rejection Rates? üHigher number of employee taking leave? Look for cause and effect to illustrate why something occurred Techniques include classification and regression analysis (CART) Diagnostic Analytics - Why Did it Happen?
  • 13. 13 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Beer and Diapers
  • 14. 14 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Beer and the Diapers v Wal-Mart decided to combine the data from its loyalty card system (demographic Information) with its point of sale systems (what customer bought) v Once combined, the data was mined extensively and many correlations appeared. v People who buy GIN in are also likely to buy TONIC, they often also buy LEMONS v However, one correlation stood out v On Friday afternoons, young American who buy DIAPERS (nappies) also buy BEER
  • 15. 15 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Strategic and Incidental Purchase Ø Bread & Butter/Cheese Ø Beer and Chips How should we place them
  • 16. 16 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. üIf the monsoon is delayed by a month, grains process might go up by xx% üIf the competitor increases the discount by x% our sales will go down by y% üIf RBI reduces interest rates by xx%, stock market will…. üIf we reduce our marketing spend by Rs xyz, we will loose sales by xx% ê Combine outcomes of descriptive and diagnostic analytics into actionable insights for decision making ê Techniques include - Confidence intervals, T statistics and P values, applied machine learning algorithms, classification models and regression models Predictive Analytics - What Happens If
  • 17. 17 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. üIf I use higher grade ingredient the yield will improve by x% üIf We increase the bulk discount by x%, sales will go up by y% üIf we increase the machine speed by 25%, rejections are likely to go up by 1% ê Techniques include - Artificial intelligence, Machine Learning and Neural Network algorithms Prescriptive Analytics - How to Make it Happen
  • 18. 18 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Potential Value Delivery through Analytics? § Optimization • What price should we charge for this product? • How much inventory should we keep? § Segmentation • Who should we market to? • More importantly – who should we NOT market to? § Recommendations • You bought X therefore you may want to buy Y? • Right set of employees for given type of Roles? § Forecasting • How much will we sell next quarter? • Repeating weather patterns? • Volumes by Day of The Week, Day of the Month? • Attrition by Level of Employees § Risk Assessment • Who will pay me, on time? Who will not? • Potential Fraud
  • 19. 19 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Structured vs Unstructured Data Ø Structured § Tables with rows and columns § Each data set follows a schema/structure Ø Unstructured § Videos § Images § Documents § No schema/structure, but data is there
  • 20. 20 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Why is Analytics Gaining Importance A. Availability of Good Data B. Computing Capability C. Higher number of influencing Factors D. Dynamic Environment and Need to Decide Fast E. Need to establish insights from unknown & unexplored factors
  • 21. 21 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. OSEMN Methodology Overview Public/Web data Cloud Database Centralized database Local machines Obtain Scrub Explore Model iNterpret Cleaning data • Joining data • Standardizing • Missing Values & Duplicates • Data Formatting • Feature Scaling • Data Encoding Exploratory Analysis • Descriptive Statistics • Graphical Analysis • Comparing Groups • Feature Engineering Regression Decision Tree Logistic Regression Cluster Analysis Naive Bayes classifier Data Interpretation Hyperparameter Tuning Iterations Delivering Business Value Soft Skills • Stakeholder Analysis • Communication Plan • Questioning Techniques • Change Management Case Studies
  • 22. 23 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. BIG Data needs special attention The term ‘Big Data’ is: Ø Frequently abused….. Ø Thrown around by bloggers and journalists to increase hits…. Ø Data ‘too big to fit in Excel’ – Really???
  • 23. 24 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. What is Big Data: 5 Vs Variety – different types of data Velocity – speed at which new data is generated Volume – amount of data Veracity – lack of quality and accuracy VALUE – turn data into information, into knowledge, into wisdom
  • 24. 25 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Where does all this Big Data come from? What's important for me, for my organization, my customer? • Immediate • Short Term • Mid Term • Long Term
  • 25. 26 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Unsupervised Supervised
  • 26. 27 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Supervised Learning Characteristics of Employees Who Buy Our Product Yes - Buy No - Do Not Buy
  • 27. 28 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Types of Learning - Supervised • Training data includes desired outputs. • Machine is trained on past data and its output to learn the hidden pattern. Hence Supervised
  • 28. 30 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Unsupervised Learning Segment Employee with known Characteristics Oval Body Oval Body & Square Head Oval Body & Circular Head Oval & Gray Body with Circular Head Oval & White Body with Circular Head
  • 29. 31 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Types of Learning - Unsupervised • Training data does not include desired outputs • Machine is not trained on any specific output. Hence, the name Unsupervised Learning
  • 30. 33 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Types of Data Ø Variable or Continuous § Salary in Dollars, Number of Years of experience Ø Discreate or Attribute § Binary - Yes or No, Good or Bad, Present or Not Present § Ordinal - No of Family Members § Categorical – ZIP Code, Education, Profession
  • 31. 34 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Machine Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement LearningSupervised Learning Target Not Available Target Continuous Data Target Categorical Data Target Categorical Data Target Not Available Regression Classification Clustering Association Classification Control Use Cases: • Ad Popularity • Predicting Prices • Growth Prediction Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data: Use Cases: • Predicting Churn • Fraud Detection • User Conversion Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data: Use Cases: • Segmentation • Recommender Systems Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data: Use Cases: • Market basket analysis Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data: Use Cases: • Real-time Decisions • Gameplay • Learning Skills Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data: Use Cases: • Self Driving Cars • Fault Detection • Robot Navigation Tabular Data: Audio / Video Data:
  • 32. 35 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Background of the Project Probability of taking Personal Loan q A retail bank is interested in finding out the influence of Cross Selling Efforts to the existing customers w.r.t. decision to take a Personal Loan q The data were collected on various influencing factors given in next slide
  • 33. 36 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Data Structure 1 of 2 ü Personal Loan - Did this customer accept the personal loan offered in the last campaign? ü Customer ID ü Customer's age in completed years ü Experience #years of professional experience ü Income Annual income of the customer ($000) ü ZIPCode Home Address ZIP code. ü Family size of the customer ü Credit Card Average spending on credit cards per month ü Education Level – Non-Graduate, Graduate; Professional
  • 34. 37 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Data Structure 2 of 2 ü Mortgage Value of house mortgage if any. ($000) ü Securities Account Does the customer have a securities account with the bank? ü Certificate of Deposit (CD) account with the bank? ü Online Does the customer use internet banking facilities? ü Credit Card – Yes or No ü Does the customer use a credit card issued by UniversalBank?
  • 35. 38 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Big Data with Large Number of Features is Often Unbalanced Number of Customers by ZIP Code & Education Education ZIP Codes 1 2 3 Grand Total 9307 1 1 90007 5 1 6 90009 4 2 2 8 90011 1 1 1 3 90016 2 2 90018 2 2 4 90019 1 2 2 5 90024 20 12 18 50 90025 5 7 7 19 90027 2 1 3 90028 4 2 2 8 90029 4 1 5 90032 5 2 1 8 90033 4 2 3 9 90034 12 2 6 20 90035 1 1 4 6 90036 5 1 1 7 90037 2 1 2 5 90041 5 1 4 10 90044 1 1 2 90045 3 3 Number of Customers 1. Missing Not at Random (MNAR) 2. Missing at Random (MAR) 3. Missing completely at Random (MCAR) 4. Missing at Random (MAR) Missing completely at Random (MCAR)
  • 36. 39 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
  • 37. 40 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Ø Missing Values Ø Duplicate Value Ø Dimensionality/Scale Ø Outliers/Extreme Values Ø Combining Data from Multiple Sources SCRUB
  • 38. 41 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. EXPLORE : How reliable is Analysis on Pivot Table…. No of Family Member % Loan Availed No Yes 1 93% 7% 2 92% 8% 3 87% 13% 4 89% 11% Grand Total 90% 10% Education % Loan Availed No Yes Non Graduate 96% 4% Graduate 87% 13% Post Graduate 86% 14% Grand Total 90% 10% % Avail Loan Family Size Education 1 2 3 4 Overall Non Graduate 1% 1% 11% 10% 4% Graduate 12% 19% 11% 11% 13% Post Graduate 12% 14% 18% 12% 14% Overall 7% 8% 13% 11% 10%
  • 39. 42 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. EXPLORE - Data Distributions
  • 40. 43 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Complex relationships between Output and Inputs Number of relationships cannot be fitted with Liner, Quadratic or even advance polynomial equations
  • 41. 44 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. MODEL - CART
  • 42. 45 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Cost of Misclassification
  • 43. 46 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Relative Importance of Factors
  • 44. 47 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Decision Tree Overall Hit Rate 9.5% Salary < 92.5K 0.7% Income>92.5% 33% Non Graduates 10% Graduates + 72% Family 1,2 Near 0% Family 3+ 38% Focus on Clients with • Income >92.5K • Graduates + • Non-Graduates - Family Size 3+
  • 45. 48 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Train and Test Model Summary
  • 46. 49 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Prediction q The model provides ability to predict hit rate for multiple profiles q Individuals with income 150K & Non-Graduates, the hit rate is below 1% if family size is 1 or 2, this goes up to 72% if family size is 3 or 4.
  • 47. 50 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Confusion – Train v/s Test
  • 48. 51 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Unsupervised Learning – Cluster Observations q Scenarios where no specific outcome is specified or known q In the same banking environment we have information of 5000 customers profiles. q Objective is to Segment customers in the logical groups
  • 49. 52 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Cluster Observations - Dendrogram
  • 50. 53 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Cluster Centroids Variable Cluster1 Cluster2 Cluster3 Cluster4 Cluster5 Grand centroid Age 43.4 46.1 46.7 42.1 45.7 45.3 Experience 18.1 21.0 21.4 17.0 20.7 20.1 Income 29.3 108.2 66.1 188.6 149.6 73.8 Family 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.4 CCAvg 0.9 2.6 1.7 4.7 4.0 1.9 Education 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.9 Cluster Properties – Income and Credit Card Spend No of Observations. 1998 499 1761 104 158 5000 Chances of Taking Loan. 0%. 29%. 3%. 51%. 43%
  • 52. 55 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Customer Sentiment Analysis
  • 53. 56 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Tracing LinkedIn Profile Application ü Swipe in swipe out ü New Employee Onboarding ü Guest/Visitor Management
  • 54. 57 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Security Enhancement
  • 55. 58 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. SPACE CUSTOMER FEEDBACK – RESORT BEACH ROOM Far Crowd Water Room Service Fun Great Shower Staff Clean
  • 56. 59 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. IShallNever MixWater Prof Juran’s Example on Root Cause Analysis
  • 57. 60 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Threat to Causal Inferences 1. Selection 2. Simultaneity 3. Omitted Variable 4. Measurement Error
  • 58. 61 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Selection – Sample is Not Representative
  • 59. 62 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Correlation Causation
  • 60. 63 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Simultaneity – X and Y Cause Each Other
  • 61. 64 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Point to Remember q Any such analysis should be used with complete care as misinterpretations can add to frustration and result in disbelief in scientific methods q While we are using advanced analytics tools to further strengthen our ability to identify root cause, Team Engagement, Brainstorming, FMEA, Why-Why Analysis, 6-3-5, Mistake Proofing, Daily Work Management remain equally important q Good old Rule applies Business Problem – Statistical Problem – Statistical Solution – Business Solution
  • 62. 65 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Data Enrichment - Using Secondary Data Data enrichment is the process of creating new features by introducing data from external sources. ü Information on Bank’s Customer Salary Increase Decrease can be extracted from Saving Bank Transaction Records ü Expenditure pattern can be extracted from Credit Card Bills ü Addition in family member can be accessed through Birth and Death Register, Mediclaim’s, etc.
  • 63. 66 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Opportunity to Use AI and ML q The model can be linked to multiple data sources within/outside bank to update the information on existing parameters and add additional parameters like Age of Family Members, Changes in Income and investment, etc q This information can be used to auto trigger the agents to enable enhancement of cross selling effectiveness, launching new products etc.
  • 64. Licensing Open Source Open Source SaaS High / One-Time SaaS Ease of use Difficult (Requires Coding) Difficult (Requires Coding) Difficult (Requires Coding) Medium Easy Applications Broad Broad Broad Narrow Dataset Specific Easy to Understand Difficult (Requires Coding) Difficult (Requires Coding) Difficult (Requires Coding) Medium Easy Setup Time Months Months Weeks Weeks 10 mins Training Speed Weeks / Months Weeks / Months Days Days < 1 minute Deployment Time Months Months Weeks Weeks < 1 minute Engineer Involvement High (Requires Coding) High (Requires Coding) High (Requires Coding) Medium None Cloud Specific? No No Yes (Only Supports AWS) No No Support N/A N/A via Email via Email 24x5 Hands-On Support Software Landscape & Comparison
  • 65. 68 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. BMGI Certified Business Analytics Professional Module 1 : Foundation Module 2 : Advanced Modelling + Python & R (Optional) Module 3 : Forecasting & Visualisation Module 4 - Optimisation, AI & ML
  • 66. 69 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Case Studies
  • 67. 70 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Sample Case Studies 1. Reduction in Processing Time and Error Rate 2. Profitability improvement in multi channel Sales 3. Predicting and reducing days of Sales Outstanding 4. Deriving actionable insights from Employee Satisfaction Survey 5. Reduction in Customer Returns and Complaints 6. Reduction in Procure to Pay Cycle Time
  • 68. 71 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works.
  • 69. 72 © BMGI. Except as may be expressly authorized by a written license agreement signed by BMGI, no portion may be altered, rewritten, edited, modified or used to create any derivative works. Wish you All the Best!!!!