To design a complete antenna, first, you must understand the electrical knowledge related to the antenna, and secondly, you must understand the simulation tools and methods. Electromagnetic simulation is not omnipotent in antenna design, but it is impossible without electromagnetic simulation. One of the most commonly used tools is Ansys HFSS.

1. C&T RF Antennas Inc
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Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
How To Design An Antenna?
Written By Bright Tsai
Generally speaking, a complete antenna design process will include the following steps:
1. Analysis and decomposition of antenna requirements
At this stage, we need to understand under what scenarios the antenna is used? What are the
antenna specifications required by customers in this scenario? Are all the indicators requested by
customers reasonable and achievable? What indicators can you sacrifice appropriately? What
indicators must be guaranteed? If different customers put forward different design demands, is
there a way to extract the most critical common requirements and realize normalized design to
reduce design costs? In short, at this stage, you have to understand what kind of antenna the
customer needs.
2. After understanding the customer's needs, propose specific solutions.
The usage scenario of the antenna is certain, and your optional antenna scheme is generally
settled. For example: if you want to do a low profile, you will usually choose a patch type antenna;
if you want to do a base station antenna, then you usually choose a dipole; if you do a test feed,
you usually choose a horn antenna; if you want to do Miniaturization, it may think of dielectric
resonance antenna.
Specific to a certain type of antenna, you need to control the antenna's S-parameter bandwidth
and pattern bandwidth requires you to do detailed design and optimization of the specific
antenna shape. In this step, the theory and simulation level of an antenna engineer can be best
reflected. Generally speaking, a variety of alternatives will be proposed in this step. After this
step, a virtual but complete antenna model is generally generated.
3. The antenna prototype is made on the basis of the second part. At this step you need to fully
pay attention to DFX: Does the antenna mechanical assembly meet the requirements? Can
further design improvements be made to make assembly easier? Have you made a foolproof
design? Is the actual feed design of the antenna the same as expected? Can the line loss be
further reduced? Is the lightning protection design in place? Is the reliability design of solder
joints OK?
4. Antenna performance debugging and antenna finalization After you have an antenna
prototype, you need to do performance debugging. The debugging here is generally a try and cut
process, but fortunately, we have the second part to do the foundation of simulation and analysis,
and our try will have a certain direction. There are usually more detours here, but if you are
systematic and orderly in the previous analysis, you will usually find the rules quickly, so the
analysis results must be organized in an orderly and easy way. Do n’t think of antennas as
metaphysics, and do n’t overestimate the importance of experience. When encountering difficult
problems, learn to calmly analyze the root cause of the problem; you must firmly believe that
macroscopic electromagnetic phenomena can be classic Electrodynamic explanation. Generally,
after a few rounds of debugging, the final antenna plan will be determined.
5. After the antenna is finalized, it can be trial-produced in small batches and shipped in batches.
Below is an example of an easy antenna design for your reference.

2. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
We got an inquiry from a customer on our website, his request as below:
From his request, we know that:
1. Frequency:402-405MHz(398-410MHz or wider bandwidth) and 2400-25000Mhz;
2. Maximum size28*18*1mm;
3. The antenna is used in CLASS 3 implantable medical devise for neurosurgery;
4. Skin permittivity 50@400MHz, 40@2400MHz;
5. The antenna is very closed to the ceramic window to body skin;
6. The customer does not have the casing yet need we provide the suggestion or solution for him
to make a casing.
After communicating with the customer, we know that:
1.This is a new project for BT.
2.For the PCB and FPCB material antenna we decided to choose PCB antenna with two band
frequency one it.
3.Chosen the SMA standard connector instead of cable outlet.

3. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
During the communications, we suggest customer this antenna design.
After communications, customer approved this antenna design.

4. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
Finally, this is the sample we done for customer.
Summary
To design a complete antenna, first, you must understand the electrical knowledge related to the
antenna, and secondly, you must understand the simulation tools and methods. Electromagnetic
simulation is not omnipotent in antenna design, but it is impossible without electromagnetic
simulation. One of the most commonly used tools is Ansys HFSS.
Once again you have to know the relevant knowledge of structural design and manufacturing. For
example, knowing the basic drawing method, what type of design is conducive to reducing wind
load? What kind of structure can increase strength? In the existing design scenario, what kind of
material should be used as the antenna first? Because these factors will ultimately affect the
antenna you design, you can only cooperate happily with engineers in other fields if you
understand these.