Indonesia is a rice producing countries ranked third in the world after China and India.Indonesia still experiencing shortage of electrical energy, in which the national electrification ratio is still low.In rural areas there are still many people do not use electricity and urban areas still experiencing rolling blackouts. Power plants available can not meet electricity for society and industry. More than half of Indonesia's electricity sourced from coal. 

1. 1Department of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
2Marine Technology Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia,81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
aM.Anshar60@yahoo.com, babdsaman@fkm.utm.my, cfarid@fkm.utm.my

2. Introduction

3. Introduction (C…)

4. Materials and Methods

5. Materials and Methods (c…)


6. Materials and Methods (c…)

7. Year RP
[106ton]
RH
[106ton]
EqCoal
[106ton]
EqOil
[106ton]
EPRH
[TJ]
EERH
[GWh]
ECRH
[GW]
2001 50.46 10.09 5.23 2.91 141,289 39,247 4,480
2002 51.38 10.28 5.33 2.97 143,863 39,962 4,562
2003 52.14 10.43 5.41 3.01 145,984 40,551 4,629
2004 54.09 10.82 5.61 3.13 151,448 42,069 4,802
2005 54.16 10.83 5.62 3.13 151,636 42,121 4,808
2006 54.46 10.89 5.65 3.14 152,474 42,354 4,835
2007 57.16 11.43 5.93 3.30 160,042 44,456 5,075
2008 60.33 12.07 6.26 3.48 168,912 46,920 5,356
2009 64.40 12.88 6.68 3.72 180,317 50,088 5,718
2010 66.47 13.29 6.89 3.84 186,113 51,698 5,902
2011 65.76 13.15 6.82 3.80 184,118 51,144 5,838
2012 69.05 13.81 7.16 3.99 193,327 53,702 6,130
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. Development of RH Potential in Indonesia in 2001-2012

8. Table 2. Energy Potential of Rice Husk for each Province in Indonesia in 2011.
Province PP
[106ton]
RH
[106ton]
EqCoal
[106ton]
EqOil
[106ton]
EERH
[GWh]
ECRH
[MW]
Jawa Barat 11.634 2.327 1.207 0.672 9,049 1,033
Jawa Timur 10.577 2.115 1.097 0.611 8,226 939
Jawa Tengah 9.392 1.878 0.974 0.542 7,305 834
Sulsel 4.511 0.902 0.468 0.261 3,509 401
Sumut 3.607 0.721 0.374 0.208 2,806 320
Sumsel 3.382 0.676 0.351 0.195 2,630 300
Lampung 2.941 0.588 0.305 0.170 2,287 261
Sumbar 2.279 0.456 0.236 0.132 1,773 202
NTB 2.067 0.413 0.214 0.119 1,608 184
Kalsel 2.038 0.408 0.211 0.118 1,585 181
Banten 1.950 0.390 0.202 0.113 1,516 173
Aceh 1.773 0.355 0.184 0.102 1,379 157
Kalbar 1.374 0.275 0.143 0.079 1,069 122
Sulteng 1,039 0.208 0.108 0.060 808 92
Bali 0.858 0.172 0.089 0.050 668 76
Yogyakarta 0.843 0.169 0.087 0.049 656 75
Jambi 0.647 0.129 0.067 0.037 503 57
Kalteng 0.110 0.122 0.063 0.035 476 54
Sulut 0.596 0.119 0.062 0.034 464 53
NTT 0.591 0.118 0.061 0.034 460 53
Kaltim 0.554 0.111 0.057 0.032 431 49
Riau 0.536 0.107 0.056 0.031 417 48

9.  In Table 1, the RP increased significantly
every year for 12 years, except in 2011
has decreased by about 1.1%, but
increased again around 5% in 2012.
 In general, the potential of RH increased
by around 36.8% in 2001-2012), or an
average increase = 3.1% per year, as
presented in Figure 1.

10. Fig. 1. Relationship of Equivalent between RH with coal and oil
10.09
10.28
10.43
10.82
10.83
10.89
11.43
12.07
12.88
13.29
13.15
13.81
5.23
5.33
5.41
5.61
5.62
5.65
5.93
6.26
6.68
6.89
6.82
7.16
2.91
2.97
3.01
3.13
3.13
3.14
3.30
3.48
3.72
3.84
3.80
3.90
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RH,AqCoal,AqOil(106ton)
RH EqCoal EqOil

11. n 2011, the total obtained

13. Fig. 2. Percentage use of coal in 2011
HSD (GWh),
13,035, 7%
MFO (GWh),
5,194, 3%
Gas (GWh),
45,753, 25%
Coal (GWh),
99,312, 54%
Hydro (GWh),
10,296, 5%
Geo-termal
(GWh), 10,672,
6%

14. Fig. 3. Projected use of coal in 2010-2019
2010
78,453
2011
99,312
2012
104,055
2013
111,976
2014
123,842
2015
141,848
2016
160,984
2017
180,469
2018
194,376
2019
220,410
Coal (GWh)

17. Conclusions

18. Conclusions (c…)

19. THANK YOU
MIMEC 2013