3. History
History is derived from the Greek word
historia which means “knowledge acquired
through inquiry or investigation”. History as
discipline existed for around 2,400 years and
is as old as Mathematics and Philosophy.
4. History
Historia became known as the account of
the past of a person or of a group of people
through written documents and historical
evidences. Traditional historians lived with
the mantra of “no document, no history”.
5. As any other academic disciplines, history
progressed and opened up to the possibility
of valid historical sources which were not
limited to written documents like government
records, chroniclers’ accounts, or personal
letters.
6.
7. Historiography
● Historiography is the history of history.
History and historiography should not
be confused with each other. History
is the event or period and the study
of it. Historiography is the study of
how history was written, who wrote
it, and what factors influenced how
it was written.
8. Historiography
● Historiography is important for
someone who studies history
because it teaches the students
to be critical in the lessons of
history presented to him.
9. Positivism
Positivism is the school of thought that
emerged between the 18th and 19th
century. This thought requires empirical
and observable evidence before one can
claim that a particular knowledge is true.
Positivism also entails an objective
means of arriving at a conclusion.
10. Postcolonialism
Postcolonial history looks at two things
in writing history: first is to tell the history
of their nation that will highlight their
identity free from that of colonial
discourse and knowledge, and second is
to criticize the methods, effects and idea
of colonialism.
12. It is the historian’s job not to seek historical
evidences and facts but also to interpret these
facts. “Facts cannot speak to themselves”. It is
the job of the historian to give meaning to these
facts and organize them into a timeline,
establish causes, and write history.
13. Despite the fact that historians cannot
ascertain absolute objectivity, the study of
history remains scientific because of the rigor
of research and methodology that historians
employ. Historical methodology comprises
certain techniques and rules that historians
follow in order to properly utilize sources and
historical evidences in writing history.
14. The Annales School of History
is a school of history which were
concerned with social history
and the Annales scholars studies
longer historical periods.
16. Primary and Secondary Sources
Primary sources are those sources produced at the
same time as event, period, or subject being
studied.
Secondary sources are those sources, which were
produced by an author who used primary sources to
produce the material.
17. External Criticism
It is the practice of verifying the
authenticity of evidence by examining
its physical characteristics; consistency
with the historical characteristic of the
time when it was produces; and the
materials used for the evidence.
18. Internal Criticism
It is the examination of the truthfulness
of the evidence. It looks at the content
of the source and examines the
circumstance of its production.
Despite the fact that historians cannot ascertain absolute objectivity, the study of history remains scientific because of the rigor of research and methodology that historians employ. Historical methodology comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history.
Despite the fact that historians cannot ascertain absolute objectivity, the study of history remains scientific because of the rigor of research and methodology that historians employ. Historical methodology comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history.
