The presentation that will make you care about antibiotic misuse

1. ANTIBIOTIC BE PART
AWARENESS OF THE
SOLUTION
“ The presentation that will make you care about antibioticmisuse”
- ANKUSHBISWAS
Mr. Ankush Biswas
(Pharmacology & Toxicology)
Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha,
Hooghly, West Bengal - 712102

2. Contents
• What is antibiotic resistance?
• Difference between resistance, tolerance and persistence
• Why resistance is a concern?
• How has antimicrobial resistance developed?
• How antibiotic resistance spreads?
• Indian scenario
• How to prevent antibiotic resistance?
• How can healthcare professionals help prevent the spread
of antibiotic resistance?
• REFERENCES

3. What is antibiotic resistance?
1. Antibiotics : A chemical molecule that inhibits the growth or destroys
microorganisms.
2. Antibiotic resistance: The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to
resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive.

5. Difference between resistance, tolerance
and persistence

7. Why resistance is a concern?
• Resistant organisms lead to treatment failure
• Resistant bacteria may spread in Community
• Low level resistance can go undetected
• Threatens to return to pre-antibiotic era
• Selection pressure

9. How has antimicrobial resistance
developed?
• Antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon
• Overuse, misuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics
• The delivery of more complex health care requiring longer use of antibiotics
• Prolonged hospitalisation
• The implications of surgical procedures undertaken overseas
• Resistant pathogens can now spread easily
− during hospitalisation if infection prevention is poor
− potential for cross-border transmission through increased travel.

12. Selective pressure

13. How antibiotic resistance spreads?

14. How antibiotic resistance spreads?

15. Indian scenario
• Lack of community awareness
• Availability over the counter
• Absence of central monitoring agency
• In infants LRTI has taken over IMR due to diarrhoeal diseases due to use
of ORT
• S. Pneumoniae fully resistant to cotrimoxazole
• Still sensitive to penicillins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones

17. How to prevent antibiotic resistance?
• Tell your healthcare professional you are concerned about antibiotic
resistance.
• Ask your healthcare professional if there are steps you can take to feel
better and get symptomatic relief without using antibiotics.
• Take the prescribed antibiotic exactly as your healthcare professional tells
you.
• Safely throw away leftover medication.
• Ask your healthcare professional about vaccines recommended for you and
your family to prevent infections that may require an antibiotic.
• Never skip doses.
• Never take an antibiotic for a viral infection like a cold or the flu.
• Never pressure your healthcare professional to prescribe an antibiotic.
• Never save antibiotics for the next time you get sick.
• Never take antibiotics prescribed for someone else.

18. How can healthcare professionals help
prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance?
• Prescribing an antibiotic only when it is likely to benefit the patient.
• Prescribing an antibiotic that targets the bacteria that is most likely causing
their patient’s illness when an antibiotic is likely to provide benefit.
• Encouraging patients to use the antibiotic as instructed.
• Collaborating with each other, office staff, and patients to promote
appropriate antibiotic use.

19. REFERENCES
• Ahammad, Ziaddin S., et al. “Increased waterborne blaNDM-1 resistance gene
abundances associated with seasonal human pilgrimages to the Upper Ganges
River.” Environmental Science & Technology 48.5 (2014): 3014-3020.
• Ahmad, Akram, Muhammad Umair Khan, and Rajesh Balkrishnan. “Fixed-dose
combination antibiotics in India: Global perspectives.” The Lancet Global Health
4.8 (2016): e521.
• Akiba, Masato, et al. “Impact of wastewater from different sources on the
prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sewage treatment plants in
South India.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 115 (2015): 203-208.
• Akiba, Masato, et al. “Distribution and relationships of antimicrobial resistance
determinants among extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant or carbapenem
resistant Escherichia coli isolates from rivers and sewage treatment plants in
India.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60.5 (2016): 2972-2980.
• Andremont, A., and T. R. Walsh. “The role of sanitation in the development and
spread of antimicrobial resistance.” AMR Control June (2015): 68-73.

20. THANK YOU