This presentation Focused on Air pollution its Sources Effects& Prevention.It further describes Noise pollution Sources,physiological effects,Measures,prevention & Control of noise pollution

1. Air Pollution
Dr.A.V.Deshpande
Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra 1

2. What is air pollution?
• contamination of the air
by noxious gases and
minute particles of solid
and liquid matter
(particulates) in
concentrations that
endanger health
• Air pollution only occurs
outdoors
Dr.A.V.Deshpande
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College
Of Engineering Kopargaon
.Ahmednagar , Maharashtra
2

3. ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
Benzene
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Formaldehyde
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Toluene
Trichloro ethylene
Vinyl chloride
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
3

4. INORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
Arsenic (Carcinogenic)
Asbestos (Carcinogenic)
Cadmium (Carcinogenic)
Chromium (Carcinogenic)
Fluoride (Dental and skeletal Fluorosis)
Lead (Carcinogenic)
Manganese (deficiency can disrupt the central nervous system
and reproductive functions)
Nickel (lung cancer)
Copper (Anaemia, diarrhoea can be caused due to Cu
deficiency)
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of
Engineering Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
4

5. CLASSICALAIR POLLUTANTS
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone and other photochemical oxidants
Particulate matter
Sulfur dioxide
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande
Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
5

6. Sources of Outside Air Pollution
• Combustion of gasoline and
other hydrocarbon fuels in
cars, trucks, and airplanes
• Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal,
and dinosaur bones)
• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Everyday radioactive fallouts
• Dust from fertilizers
• Mining operations
• Livestock feedlots
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
6

7. • A major form of air pollution is emissions
given off by vehicles.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
7

8. What’s in smog
• particulates
(especially lead)
• nitrous oxides
• potassium
• Carbon monoxide
• Other toxic chemicals
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
8

9. Sources of Indoor pollution
• Efficient insulation
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• animal dander and cat saliva
• plants
• house dust
• Mites
• Cockroaches
• pollen
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
9

10. Effects on the environment
• Acid rain
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
• In human population-
respiratory problems,
allergies, strengthens
lugs, and a risk for
cancer
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
10

11. Acid rain
• contains high levels of sulfuric
or nitric acids
• contaminate drinking water
and vegetation
• damage aquatic life
• erode buildings
• Alters the chemical equilibrium
of some soils
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra 11

12. 29 April 2020 Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar , Maharashtra
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13. policy
• Air Quality Management Plan
– Development of new
technology
 electric cars
 cleaner fuels
 low nitrogen oxide boilers
and water heaters
 zero polluting paints
 less polluting lighter fluids
 Use of natural gas
 Carpooling
 Follow the laws enacted
29 April 2020 Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar , Maharashtra
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14. Urban Emissions
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar , Maharashtra 14
• There are small emissions of NOx from industrial
processes
• The main emissions are from combustion.
• There is negligible nitrogen in gasoline or diesel fuels so
the nitrogen oxides arise from the N2 and O2 in the air.
• Sulphur dioxides arise from the sulphur present in most
fuels.
• Particulate matter describes matter below 10μm
aerodynamic diameter.

15. Role of Engines and Fuel
• Different engines and fuel combinations
give out different emissions in different
quantities.
• Some engines have catalysts which
effectively remove part of the harmful
gases.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
15

16. Particulate Matter (PM ) Pollution
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
16
- Traffic emissions including diesel engines
- Small combustion sources burnng coal and wood
- Reductions of SO2, N0x, NH3 and VOC

17. Ground level ozone
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
17
- Control to reduce ozone in cities
- N0x reduction from traffic
- Control of N0x emissions from ships
- Methane reduction

18. First effect of pollutants
• The herbicides used by the farmers as part of its weed control program, Due to
intensive agriculture and development of technology in the field of agriculture
there is vast scope for controlling weeds by using herbicides.
• At present due to expanding industrial areas, the villages workers are attracted
towards the industries for seeking the employment and created shortage of
labourers for cultivation of land.
• At present there is lot of scope for use of herbicide due to shortage of labourers
and increases in wages of farm labourers.
• Now a day due to the development of agriculture the certain herbicides are also
useful for controlling weeds in different crop combinations or cropping systems.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
18

19. Health Risks
• Most herbicides pose a significant health risk to both humans if
the chemical substances if they come in contact with skin.
• Cancer is one of the cause due to pesticide contamination in
water, soil and vegetables.
• Organochlorine pesticides are of much concern in the
environment because of their long term persistence, toxicity as
well as bioaccumulation tendency.
• Organochlorine pesticide exposure has been associated with
human health risk of arthritis, skin disease, bone disorder, cancer
and nerve disorder.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
19

20. 29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
20

21. Control measures for oil pollution
• Natural process of emulsification of oil by
use of chemical dispersants: can be
sprayed on the oil.
• Slick-lickers: continuous belt of absorbent
material dips through the oil slick & is
passed through rollers to extract oil.
• Rocks can be cleaned with high pressure
steam
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
21

22. NOISE POLLUTION
• Defined as unwanted sounds that
unreasonably (a kind of harsh, loud and
confused sound), intruding into our daily
activities
• The most significant attributes of noise are:
i) Its loudness
ii) Duration
• The unit of noise is decibel.
• Human ear can tolerate noise up to 120
decibels.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of
Engineering Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra
22

23. Sources of NOISE POLLUTION
(i) Road Traffic:
Most prevalent and most damaging source
Impact of road traffic noise depends on factors like: road location & design, and land use
planning measures, building design, vehicle standards & driving behavior
(ii) Air Traffic
Noise from supersonic crafts are dangerous because of its intensity
(iii) Railways:
The level of noise associated with rail traffic is related to type of engine or rolling stock
used, speed of the train, track type & condition, warning signals at crossings, whistles &
horns, freight classification yards, & railroad construction & maintenance.
(iv) Industry
• Product fabrication
• Product assembly
• Power generation
• Processing.
(v) Construction: construction equipments.
(vi) Consumer products: recreational, hobbies/workshop, household, music.
(vii) Other sources: sirens, agricultural noise, noise from animals, humans & military
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar , Maharashtra 23

24. Measurement of Noise
• Noise intensity is measured in decibel (Db) units
• Decibel scale is logarithmic,
• Each 10 Db increase represents a 10 fold increase in
noise intensity
• distance diminishes the effective decibel level reaching
the ear.
e.g. Moderate auto traffic at a distance of 30 m rates
about 50 decibels, but for the same, for a driver with a
car window open or a pedestrian on the sidewalk, same
traffic rates about 70 decibels.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani
College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar ,
Maharashtra 24

25. Effects of Noise
• At 45 decibels of noise, average person cannot sleep,
• At 85 decibels hearing damage, & at 120 decibels ear
experiences pain.
• Lack of sleep, irritability, heartburn, indigestion, ulcers, high blood
pressure, & possibly heart disease
• Hearing loss
• Non-auditory physiological effects
– Annoyance
– Communication interference
• Following problems is created by noise pollution
1. Hypertension
2. Deafness
3. Irritation
29 April 2020 Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering
Kopargaon .Ahmednagar , Maharashtra
25

26. Noise Pollution Control
Source path receiver concept: Can be controlled either
by reducing the noise at the source or by preventing
its transmission or by protecting the receiver
• At the source: lubrication of machines, tightening the
loose units, reducing the eccentricity
• In the path: keeping the noisy machine covered,
construction of noise barriers, sound-proofing of the
building
• Receiver: No use of horns other than in emergency,
vehicle engines and appliances in good Condition,
purchase the least noisy air conditioner or vacuum
cleaner/quieter appliances, rest areas away from
noise, turn down volume of Stereos.
29 April 2020
Dr.A.V.Deshpande Sanjivani College Of Engineering Kopargaon
.Ahmednagar , Maharashtra
26