The Internet And Multimedia

1. Chapter No:12
The Internet And Multimedia
Presented On:24 April 2015 Presented By:12bs(cs)02
12bs(cs)03

2. Agenda
 Origin Of Internet
 Internetworking
 Internet Addresses
 IP Addresses and Data Packets
 Connections
 Bandwidth bottleneck
 Internet Services
 MIME Type
 The World Wide Web and HTML
 Multimedia on the web
 Tools for the World Wide Web
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3. Origin Of Internet
 The Internet was created by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S.
Defense Department, when the first node of the
ARPANET was installed at the University of
California at Los Angeles in September 1969.
 By the mid-1970s, the ARPANET “inter-network”
embraced more than 30 universities, military sites,
and government contractors, and its user base
expanded to include the larger computer science
research community
 Commercial use of the Internet began in 1992
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4. Internetworking
 A computer network is a set of different computers
connected together using networking devices such
as switches and hubs. To enable communication,
each individual network node or segment is
configured with similar protocol or communication
logic, which usually is TCP/IP. When a network
communicates with another network having the
same or compatible communication procedures, it is
known as Internetworking
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5. Example : Internetworking
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6. Internet Addresses
 An Internet address is a series of unique numbers
that identifies a computer connected to the Internet.
Every computer that gets online has an Internet
address
 Also known as IP and URL
 Alternate Spellings: internet address
 Examples: "This website's Internet address is
168.119.955.2”
 There are two major types of addresses on the
Internet. One is a person's e-mail address, and the
other is a Web site address, which is known as a
URL
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7. IP Addresses And Data Packets
 When a stream of data is sent over the Internet by
your computer, it is first broken down into packets by
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Each
packet includes the address of the receiving
computer, a sequence number (“this is packet #5”),
error correction information, and a small piece of
your data. After a packet is created by TCP, the
Internet Protocol (IP) then takes over and actually
sends the packet to its destination along a route that
may include many other computers acting as
forwarders. TCP/IP is two important Internet
protocols working in concert
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8. Connections
 To connect to the Internet, a computer or network
needs
 A data connection to a server
 Wireless or land line
 Usually need an account with the server
 TCP/IP software
 Internet software includes e-mail programs, Web
browsers, FTP software etc
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9. Bandwidth bottleneck
 Bandwidth is a measure of how much data,
expressed in bit per second (bps), you can send
from one computer to another in a given amount of
time
 Users with slow connections will have a difficult time
using multimedia over the Internet
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10. Example : Bandwidth bottleneck
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11. Bandwidth bottleneck
 To accommodate low-bandwidth users
 Compress data when possible
 Take advantage of the browser’s cache
 Design for download efficiency
 don’t use greater color depth than what is
absolutely necessary or leave extra space
around the edges
 Design alternate sites for low- and high-bandwidth
users
 Consider using streaming technology
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12. Internet Services
 The Internet means the World Wide Web. But the
Web is only the latest and most popular of services
available today on the Internet. E-mail; file transfer;
discussion groups and newsgroups; real-time
chatting by text, voice, and video; and the ability to
log into remote computers are common as well
 In the case of the Internet, daemons support
protocols such as
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for the World
Wide Web
 Post Office Protocol (POP) for e-mail
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for exchanging files
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)—for example,
http://www .timestream.com/index.html
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13. MIME Type
 MIME stands for Multi-purpose Internet Mail
Extensions. MIME types form a standard way of
classifying file types on the Internet. Internet
programs such as Web servers and browsers all
have a list of MIME types, so that they can transfer
files of the same type in the same way, no matter
what operating system they are working in
 A MIME type has two parts: a type and a subtype.
They are separated by a slash (/). For example, the
MIME type for Microsoft Word files is application
and the subtype is msword. Together, the complete
MIME type is application/msword
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14. Example: MIME Type
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15. The World Wide Web and HTML
 The World Wide Web started in 1989 at the European
Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) as a “distributed
collaborative hypermedia information system”
 This new Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) provided
rules for a simple transaction between two computers on
the Internet consisting of
(1)establishing a connection
(2) requesting that a document be sent
(3)sending the document
(4) closing the connection
 It also required a simple document format called
Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML) for presenting structured text
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16. Multimedia On The Web
 Everyone wants a web site that is as active and
dynamic as television or a CD-ROM program that
plays in your computer. Buttons should visually and
audibly click; visitors should be greeted with music;
dazzling images should appear and disappear on the
screen
 There are four major ways of adding animation to a
web page: server push, Shockwave, Java and GIF
animation
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17. Tools for the World Wide Web
Web Server
 The functioning of the Web involves communication
between a server computer and a client computer
 A Web server is a computer that delivers a file when
a
client computer sends a request
 Web servers vary in strength and capacity for a
variety of
platforms meeting the HTTP requirements
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18. Web Browsers
 Web browsers are applications that run on the client
side
(user’s PC) on the Internet
 They provide an interactive graphical interface
 This interface is used for searching, finding, and
viewing
text documents, sounds, and multimedia resources
on the
Web
 Web browsers differ in features, performance, and
cost
 Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Mozilla
Firefox are
example of Web browsers 24 April
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19. Search Engines
 Search engines are programs that search
documents for specified keywords and returns a list
of the documents where the keywords were found.
A search engine is really a general class of
programs, however, the term is often used to
specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and
Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for
documents on the World Wide Web
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20. Web Page Makers and Site Builders
 To deliver multimedia on the Web, you should know
some
HTML
 HTML documents are simple ASCII text files without
any
formatting
 Professional web page developers often use word
processor to edit their pages
 HTML editors and web page-making applications
offer to
shortcut HTML learning curves and working effort
 Active Server Pages, ColdFusion, or PHP are the
programming environments needed for building
dynamic
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21. Web Page Makers And Site Builders
 HTML translators export a word-processed
document with its text styles and layout converted
into HTML tags
 Many HTML editors and Web page-making
applications offer to shortcut HTML learning curves
and working effort
 Dedicated editors are usually WYSIWYG (What You
See Is What You Get) word processors
 Microsoft FrontPage provides WYSIWYG support for
many of the latest HTML formatting extensions
 It also provides extensive Web site management
support through its FrontPage extensions
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22. Plug-ins And Delivery
 Plug-ins allow end users to view and interact with
new
types of documents and images
 Helper applications (or players) display or run files
downloaded from the Internet
 Common media types such as text, image, sound,
animation, and video use plug-ins to help them
display the
additional content on the Web
Text
 Text and document plug-ins overcome the display
limitations of HTML and Web browsers
 Adobe Acrobat provides special fonts and graphic
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23. Plug-ins And Delivery
Images
 Most browsers read only bitmapped JPEG, GIF,
and
PNG image files
 Plug-ins that enable the viewing of vector formats
(such as Flash) are useful
 Vector graphics are device-independent. An
image is
displayed at the correct size and with colors
supported
by the computer
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24. Plug-ins And Delivery
Sound
 Digitized sound files in MP3, WAV, AIF, or AU
formats
may be sent and played on a user’s computer
from
Internet
 MIDI sound files are more compact, but they
depend
upon the computer’s MIDI setup for quality
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25. Plug-ins And Delivery
Animation and Video
 The most data-intense multimedia elements are
video
streams containing images and synchronized
sound
 Video streams are commonly packaged as
Apple’s
QuickTime, Microsoft’s Video for Windows (AVI),
and
as MPEG files
 The trade-off between bandwidth and quality is
ever
present when designing, developing, and
delivering 24 April
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26. References
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 [Tay_Vaughan] Multimedia Making Its Work Eight
Edition

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THANK YOU 