Prevención y diagnóstico PCR

2. In medicine, before we start
talking about a cure or a
treatment, we should talk
about prevention.
Attempting not to make or
discover a solution for a
problem, instead looking out
for a way to avoid or at least
decrease their prevalence.
This is the main point of
both of the news, anticipate
the presence of maligns cells
using some medical advances
to achieve it.
This news increases
the hope of patients
and the possibility of
a timely treatment.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
POLYMERASE
CHAIN
REACTION
By: Ana Maria Gómez
Molecular Biology
Teacher: Lina Martinez
• Colorado State University. (2017, March 8).
How chemists are helping us not get food
poisoning: Borrowing concepts from
medical diagnostic devices, they've created a
simple, cheap set of handheld tests that can
detect the presence of many water or food-
borne pathogens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
March 13, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/03/170308092447.htm
• Massachusetts General Hospital. (2017,
January 19). Digital assay of circulating
tumor cells may improve diagnosis,
monitoring of liver cancer. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved March 13, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170119143403.htm
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biología
Molecular. 7 Edición. Medellin. UPB.
Facultad de Medicina.

3. INTRODUCTION
Progress is not only to
cure some symptoms
found on a physical exam,
in all cases, it is necessary
to go farther. Here’s were
comes to play the
relevance or the PCR, a
technique developed to
increase the number of
copies, amplifying DNA
or RNA fragments in a
direct or indirect way,
respectively. It allows the
detection or even the copy
of a single DNA molecule
in almost any type of
sample.
CIRCULATING TUMOR
CELLS FOR DIAGNOSIS
OF LIVER CANCER
Liver cancer, including HCC, is the
second highest cause of cancer death
in the world.
How they contribute to change
this?
They have developed an assay
capable of detecting a single cancer
cell within a background of the tens
of billions of cells that comprise
whole blood.
What they found?
Digital PCR analysis revealed
significantly higher levels of the
HCC-associated RNA transcripts in
blood samples from patients with
HCC than from those with other
cancers, with chronic liver disease or
healthy controls.
Student’s opinion
Recognizing the specific cell founder
of this cancer is a huge headway,
cause it can lead us to a future
therapy with a distinguishable target.
HOW CHEMISTS ARE
HELPING US NOT GET
FOOD POISONING
Fecal bacteria cause the highest
number of hospitalizations and
deaths from food poisoning.
What they do?
They targeted a broad class of
bacteria known as fecal indicator
bacteria (FIB) and they made two
types of tests that detect an enzyme
associated with the FIB bacteria.
What they found?
This test it’s accurate but not specific,
and using PCR tests for bacteria,
would get us a specific, but
slower and more
expensive response.
Student’s opinion
Using this simple
technique, we can
determine if a patient
has a disease or not, and
if the answer is positive,
it’s time to do a
specific test to tell us
what is it about.

4. It has an action in successive
cycles without being inactivated.
It can recognize polymorphisms.
It can avoid mutations and
feature a high specificity.
🌸

5. DIGITAL ASSAY OF CIRCULATING
TUMOR CELLS MAY IMPROVE
DIAGNOSIS, MONITORING OF LIVER
CANCER
Massachusetts General
Hospital
January 19, 2017

6. DIGITAL ASSAY OF CIRCULATING TUMOR
CELLS MAY IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS,
MONITORING OF LIVER CANCER
Combining use of
CTC-iChip
+
RNA-based
}digital PCR
CTC: Circulating Tumor Cells
improve detection
of cancer cells
in the blood of
patients with
carcinoma.

7. Digital PCR
was developed by first
identifying 10 specific
RNA transcripts
expressed
HCC cells Blood
🚫

8. They use:
Microscopy to identify and
analyze CTCs
Ultrasound
Serum levels of
alpha-fetoprotein
(AFP)
{Checking
the utility
of the PCR

9. STUDENT’S OPINION
Usually the signs of cancer do not
appear until the disease is well
advanced.
With these experiments we can be
sure that we will gradually reach the
point where the diagnosis is going to
be so accurate that will give us
indications of exactly what kind of
cancer it is about and when it will
start.

10. HOW CHEMISTS ARE HELPING
US NOT GET FOOD
POISONING
Colorado State
University
March 8, 2017

11. To detect an enzyme associated with the FIB bacteria
two tests
strip of paper
changes color
when it contacts
the bacterial
enzyme
screen-printed carbon
electrodes on transparent
sheets
indicate the presence of
bacteria by being inserted
into a reader

12. The researchers ran tests of contaminated water
used to wash food
with from a lagoon
E. coli Enterococcus faecalis
{
Tests detected the harmful bacteria within four to 12 hours.

13. This test can't tell exactly which
bacterias are present
can detect the broad
class of FIB bacteria
{
responsible for
foodborne illness
outbreaks.PCR, which are currently
used for food safety, are more
specific, and can be the test
that follows and support

14. In my opinion, with this
experiment it is possible to do a
work in an even more wide plane,
not only in the treatment of
patients who come with
symptoms or the already
diagnosed ones that do not
present signs of the illness.
I think it should exist some
projects of public health, in which
the poisonings prevention is the
goal.

15. 🌸

16. The digital PCR, can become a
method to amplify a chain of
nucleotides even in a way
more specific than with the
standard PCR.
Quantitatively measuring the result of
a sample of CTC´s achieve a better
support at the time of an accurate
diagnosis.

17. The use of markers to identify the
culprit of a particular condition is a
good starting point when choosing a
treatment, helping to exert a more
localized action; reducing the
incidence of side effects in other
organs

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
In addition to the specificity at the
time of detecting a bacterium or a
malignant cell to confirm a diagnostic
of an existing disease, these advances
could go so far to get to the point of
identifying the probability of suffering
a disease before the visible affections
appears, making a big step in
prevention medicine

19. • Colorado State University. (2017, March 8). How
chemists are helping us not get food poisoning:
Borrowing concepts from medical diagnostic devices,
they've created a simple, cheap set of handheld tests that
can detect the presence of many water or food-borne
pathogens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 13, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/03/170308092447.htm
• Massachusetts General Hospital. (2017, January 19).
Digital assay of circulating tumor cells may improve
diagnosis, monitoring of liver cancer. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved March 13, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/01/170119143403.htm
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 7
Edición. Medellin. UPB. Facultad de Medicina.
BIBLIOGRAPHY