3. Introduction
This concept is based on nanometer scale.
The dimension approximately from 1nm to 10 nm is
called nanoscale.
It is the most advanced technology of the modern
world.
Nanotechnology found the size of the cells.
Human hair is approximately 8000 nm wide.
Sheet of paper is 100000 nm thick
Gold atom is about 1/3 nm in diameter.
13. Applications
3: Propellant:
The 502126 kg of propellant use in
the solid rocket booster of the space
shuttle.
16 % i.e 80340 kg is atomized nano
aluminum powder .
14. Applications
4: Drugs delivery and disease treatment.
Cancer treatment.
Nano crystals target the cancer cells to destroy it.
18. TOP-DOWN METHOD
Begin with a pattern generated on a larger scale, then
reduced to nanoscale.
By nature, aren't cheap and quick to manufacture.
Slow and not suitable for larger scale production.
The following few methods are top-down
19. TOP-DOWN METHOD
1) Arc discharge method.
When pure graphite rods are used,
fullerenes are deposited as soot inside the
chamber, and multi-walled carbon
nanotubes are deposited on the cathode.
When a graphite anode containing a metal
catalyst (Fe or Co) is used with a pure
graphite cathode single-walled carbon
nanotubes are generated in the form of
soot.
21. TOP-DOWN METHOD
2) Laser ablation method:
Laser ablation is the process of
removing material from a solid (or
occasionally liquid) surface by
irradiating it with a laser beam. At
low laser flux, the material is heated by
the absorbed laser energy and
evaporates or sublimates.
22.
23.
24. TOP-DOWN METHOD
3) Ball milling:
A ball mill is a type of grinder used to
grind and blend materials for use in
mineral dressing processes, paints,
pyrotechnics, ceramics and selective
laser sintering.
27. BOTTOM-UP METHOD
Bottom methods are:
1) Chemical vapor
deposition:(CVD)
is a chemical process used to produce
high quality, high-performance, solid
materials. The process is often used in
the semiconductor industry to
produce thin films.
28.
29. BOTTOM-UP METHOD
2) Sol-Gel synthesis:
The method is used for the fabrication
of metal oxides, especially the oxides
of silicon and titanium. The process
involves conversion of monomers into
a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as
the precursor for an integrated
network (or gel) of either discrete
particles or network polymers.
30.
31. BOTTOM-UP METHOD
3) Molecular beam epitaxy:
Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is
an epitaxy method for thin-film
deposition of single crystals. It was
invented in the late 1960s at Bell
Telephone Laboratories by J. R. Arthur
and Alfred Y. Cho.