UDC_Solar-Dc

UDC and Solar-DC
Scaled R&D Pilot
Presented by: IIT Madras
1st June 2015

Outline
Project UDC and Solar-DC, IIT Madras 2
• Introduction to New Technologies
• Solar DC- Technology and deployments
• UDC- Technology and deployments
• IITM R&D Pilot Scope & Objectives
• Pilot Management & Implementation
• Committees and teams
• Post pilot plan
• Requirements from Discom and DoP

Solar-DC

Decentralised Solar Power at Homes
Solar PV gives DC Power
 But load is AC
 Needs a DC-AC convertor
Now if we add a battery
 Battery stores only DC
 Require a AC-DC convertor for charging
 Require a DC-AC convertor during
discharging
For low power, each convertor can
have 10 to 15% loss
 Solar-AC may have 30 to 45% loss plus
battery loss
Battery
Load
AC
Grid
Solar
DC
AC-DC
DC-AC
DC-AC

And it gets worse
 As home-appliances are moving towards being DC-powered
 All Electronics devices work on low-voltage DC
 TV (LED/LCD), laptops. Cell-phones, speaker-phones,tablets, speakers
 AC to DC conversion has losses from 20% to 50% in each device
 Even refrigerators, air-conditioners, washing machine in future will be BLDC
motors
 Use of DC-powered and energy-efficient devices
 Consumption down by 50%
AC fan 72W BLDC fan 30W
at speed 1 60W 9W
CFL tube 36W LED tube 15W
low intensity na 4W
Volume prices
similar for fans
LED tube life much
longer (DC powering
enhances reliability)

Solar-DC
For off-grid and near-off-grid homes
 48V DC micro-grid at home to
connect solar, battery and load
 Highlypower-efficientusage of solar
 Battery addedwithoutconverters
 Designedto haveminimalend-to-
end losses
 When grid is available
 Low-powerfrom grid addedto DC
micro-grid
 IITM’s Solar-DC OGH Product
 83% end-to-endefficiencymeasured
 as opposed to less than 45% for solar-
AC products
 Panel andbatterysize reduceto half
as comparedto solar-ACsystems
Grid
(optional)
AC-DC
Battery
DC – appliances:
fans, light and
electronics
Solar
48VDC
48VDC
48VDC
AC-DC convertor loss at 10% for 125W
For very large volumes: 7% possible today
With GaN transistors:can go down to 5%

Multiple Solar-DCField Trials
 In off-grid situation as well as solar Inverterless UPS
 OGH with 125WSolar panel, 1 kWh battery, 1 fan,
two lights and a cell phone charger
Site is close to India’s
prestigious Sriharikota
Rocket Launch, yet there
is no electricityfor many
residents. 23 out of 30
homes were off-grid
“Summer will
never be hot
anymore”
“Bye-Bye to eye
straining Oil lamps,
Now I can complete
homework faster”
7
Location: Irrukam Island, AP
# of houses covered: 30
Date: January 2015

Location:Kundithal, Gudalur, Nilgiris TamilNadu
Number of houses covered: 20
Date: 8th January 2015
8

And as Inverterless UPS
 CSTRI Lab, IITM
 Sabarmati Hostel, IITM
 Homes and offices, IITM
 New Academic Complex, IITM
 Ayurveda Hospital, Chennai
 Multi-storied Apartment, Hyderabad
9
“We didn’t know that
this was a DC
powered system. I
am surprised as
there seems to be no
difference between
the appearance of an
AC and a DC
appliance.”-
Shravani, student

Solar-DC Innovation
 Use of energy-efficient DC appliances reduces DEMAND
 Use of decentralised Solar enhances SUPPLY
 Solar-DC can replace “Inverter based Uninterrupted Power
Supply” (UPS)
 Giving first Inverterless UPS with Solar Option (OGH)
 125 to 500W solarpanel,1 to 5 kWh battery, 125 to 500W DC outputwith
power control uptofour homes, 125 to 500W grid-connection (optional),125W
AC output(optional),blue-toothformetering
 Can be great boost to off-grid and near-off-grid homes

UDC (Uninterrupted DC)
a power distribution innovation

Addition of a DC Power line at each home
 Substation charges feederswith 11kV Distribution Line
 Distribution transformersteps down voltage to 230V in each of the three phases
 UDPM at home allows using presentAC line and a limited powerDC line
 UDPM has built-in DC meter; AC meter remains as it is
D
T
Normal: 230V
TRANSFORMER
33KV 11 KV
•
Substation Home
Unlimited Power
existing 230Vac line
New Limited Power
DC line at 48V
UDPM
M

Load shedding: 90% power cut –
Brown-out
 Brown-out: continue feeding 10% power to Distribution Line
 Substation feeds 11kV in normal and with 4.4kV in brown-out condition (only 10%) on DL
 Distribution transformer steps down voltage to 230V in normal / 90V in brown-out condition
 UDPM detects AC voltage drop to 90V: cuts off AC line but continues feeding 48V DC
 10% BO Power small enough to be made availableeven during worst power-shortage
D
T
Normal: 230V
Brown-out: 90V
TRANSFORMER
33KV 11 KV
•
Tap or Step-down
transformer (0.4)
•Brown-out
4.4 KV
Some 10%
of power
Substation
Home
230Vac line: cut-off
during Brown-out
Limited Power DC
supply at 48V:
Uninterrupted
Brown-out
Control
UDPM
No change in DT or distribution lines

But what will 10% DC Power do?
 Assume uninterrupted but limited Power: 100 Watts DC
 Can support 3 lights + 2 fans + cell-phone charging
 Or 3 lights + 1 fan + TV (24” LED/LCD) + cell-phone charging
 can be installed incrementally
 100W per home is such a small amount that it can be supplied even in
adverse power situation
 What if one wants more?
 Add Solar PV
 If needed, add a battery to have a Solar DC system
 500W Solar DC can support 5 fans, 8 lights, 2 TVs, multiple cell-phone / tablet
chargers and a laptop charger

Location: Madhuranthakam,Chennai
Numberof housescovered: 241, December 2014
UDC Field Trials
15

Remote (fan, tube-light) and meter reading
demonstrations at field trials
Most families are very happy with the fans and lights provided by the system.
“We use them all day long”, they said. This cluster of 241 houses is the only
community in neighbourhood that remains lit even when the rest faces
power-cuts. Neighbouring areas have expressed interest in the project after
looking at the running model.
16

Moinabad, Hyderabad: Brown-out data
 Brown-out Power Consumption: 10% of Normal
 203 LIG Homes; DTR capacity 100kVA
 Power saving even in normal hours because
of DC appliances
Normal P-N
Voltage (V)
Normal
Current (A)
Normal
Power kVA
Phase 1 251.0 84.0 21.08
Phase 2 253.0 62.0 15.69
Phase 3 249.0 90.0 22.41
Total Power (kVA) 59.18
BO P-N
Voltage (V)
BO Current
(A)
BO Power in
kVA
Phase 1 97.6 19.0 1.85
Phase 2 97.1 10.3 1.00
Phase 3 97.0 24.0 2.33
Total Power (kVA) 5.18
Just before Brown-Out
During Brown-Out
Brown-Out Duration: 2 hrs /day
Date TIME
Power
Consumed just
Before Brown-
Out inkVA
Power
Consumed
during Brown-
Out inkVA
ON OFF
20-May-15 3:10 PM 4:45 PM 50.70 4.35
21-May-15 3:07 PM 5:07 PM 50.70 4.35
22-May-15 3:15 PM 5:10 PM 59.18 5.18
23-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 55.33 5.03
25-May-15 2:55 PM 5:00 PM 71.93 4.51
26-May-15 3:20 PM 5:15 PM 44.98 4.89
27-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 60.02 5.18
28-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 60.75 4.64
29-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 57.22 6.06

UDPM features
 230V / 90V AC single phase input
 230V AC output (pass through): cut-off during Brown-out
 48V DC output (100 to 150W programmable): uninterrupted
 BPU for protection and for buzzer and reset
 Provide 48V DC line with over current and foreign voltageprotection
 When power drawn exceeds set limit,buzzer goes on, line gets cut-off in 30 sec, system
needs reset for restarting
 Bluetooth for DC meter reading
 RS485 for connection to smart-meters if required

UDC Innovation
 Reduce domestic demand: energy-efficient appliances
 Increase Supply as decentralized solar PV gets added
 Reducing supply-demand gap
 And at the same time have 24x7 DC power at each home
 Adequate for lowest income homes
 Middle and high income homes will install solar
 Could help Manage Subsidy
 Power Distribution Companies unconstrained: would become
financially viable
 Uninterrupted DC power supply at low tariff
 AC power can be charged at market rates
D
S
Demand-
supply gap

UDC & Solar-DC R&D Pilot
Sub-parts of the pilot:
i. UDC in a city with 100,000 homes: Gaya city
ii. UDC in a town with 5,000 homes: Lakhimpur town
iii. Solar-DC deployment in 4,000 homes in ten villages: Rajasthan

BREAK

UDC & Solar-DC R&D Pilot
Sub-parts of the pilot:
i. UDC in a city with 100,000 homes: Gaya city
ii. UDC in a town with 5,000 homes: Lakhimpur town
iii. Solar-DC deployment in 4,000 homes in ten villages: Rajasthan

UDC Pilot Scope
For Gaya (100K homes) and Lakhimpur (5000 home) on grid homes, following will
be installed at project cost
• UDPM box at each home (without type certification for this pilot)
• BOFEAS (Brown Out Feeder Energisation and Automation System) at each sub-
station (without TC for this pilot)
• LVCO at offices, industry and non brown-out locations at their own cost
• Power to Shops: to be discussed
• Power to Street-lights: to be discussed
Following will be provided to each home if they get 48V home-wiring done from
UDPM to installation locations
• BPU (protection box)
• 1 four feet LED tubelight and 1 LED bulb
• 1 BLDC fan
• 1 remote for operating fan and tube-light
• 1 mobile phone charger with a socket

Solar DC Pilot Scope
For off grid or near off grid village cluster (10 villages, 4000 homes) in Rajasthan,
the complete installation will be carried out at each home
• 1 Inverterless UPS (OGH)
• AC input Interface (DPAU) if on-grid
• 1 four feet LED tubelight and 1 LED bulb
• 1 BLDC fan
• 1 remote for operating fan and tubelight
• 1 mobile phone charger with a socket
• 125W solar panel
• 1 kWh VRLA battery
If homes are very close to each other, IITM may install common equipment for
multiple homes with individual power usage control
Pending task
• Identification of off-grid or near off-grid village-cluster

Pilot Objectives
UDC
• Demonstrate at scale that 24 x 7 power can be made available even in power-
starved situation
• Demonstrate benefits of energy-efficient DC-powered DC appliances to customers:
• Customers add more DC appliances to increase the number of devices
that are “power-cut proof”
• Customers add solar-panel, as they exceed limit of DC power
• Demonstrate to DISCOM the benefits of the following:
• Providing 24 x 7 power to each home
• Reduction in demand as energy-efficient DC appliances get used
• Reduction in demand as solar-panels are used
• Explore possibility of removing subsidy from AC-power to homes
Solar-DC
• Demonstrate scaled affordable power connection to homes via solar-DC with goal:
• Customers add more DC appliances / solar panel / batteries
• Study how it can be scaled to all off-grid and near off-grid homes in the country

Project Management Responsibilities
IITM has the full responsibility of Project Management and will constitute
the following committees and teams for smooth execution of the pilots
1. Committees
• Steering committee
• 3 Project Coordination and Advisory Committees (PCACs) for each state
2. Teams
• Project planning and coordination teams
• Customer relations teams
• Project implementation teams
• Supply chain management teams

Steering Committee
Responsibility
• Oversee project implementation
• Approve small changes to the project as per the overall objectives
Composition
• Senior personnel from MoP
• Director- IIT Madras
• Project Coordinator- IIT Madras (Convenor of the committee)
• One member from REC
• CMD (Discom) or State energy secretary of each of the three locations
• Gaya/Bihar
• Lakhimpur/Assam
• Rajasthan

Project Coordination & Advisory Committee
(PCAC)
There will be three PCACs, one for each location
Responsibility:
• Overall coordination and advisory role
• Regular reporting to Steering Committee
Composition:
• MoP member
• REC member
• Respective SEB/Discom’s member at GM level
• IIT Madras
• Project Implementation Contractor (PIC)
• Customer Relations Contractor (CRC)

Other teams
• Project planning and coordination
PIC (execution responsibility), IITM and respective discom
• Customer relations
CRC (execution responsibility), PIC and IITM and respective discom
• Project implementation
PIC
• Supply chain management
IITM
Details about these teams are present in the project proposal hand-out

Project Office
A project office will be set up with representationfromDiscom, IITM, PIC
and CRC
Key responsibilities:
a. Officemanagement
b. Stores management
c. Co-ordination with various discom departments for various data and activities
d. Coordination with Discom/EB/State government to get all necessary approvals
e. Preparation for post-pilot hand off from project team to Discom
This officewill require involvement and support of the GM of advisory committee.

Activities post implementation
Discom team will handle various steady stateactivitiesof brown-out
Examples:
• Day-to-day brown out operations
• Maintenance of the systems
• Complaint handling and resolution
• UDPM installation at new connections
Appropriatehands-on training will be provided to Discom personnel for
all such activities

Asset ownership post pilot phase
Sub-stationequipment (UDC)
• All sub-station assets will be given to EB on permanent loan for continued
operation
• This will enable continued supply of interrupted power to the citizens
Home equipment
UDC
• All equipment installed at homes will be transferred to users at zero cost
• This will enable EB to continue providing UDC power to the people
Solar-DC
• All equipment will be transferred to home owners at zero cost.
• Solar DC set up will continue to provide power to off grid homes. Even when
grid comes, the equipment can continue to supply power

Help needed from Discoms-1
Project planning
• Host IITM team during their visit for scoping and planning implementation
• Provide detailed information like (Most details are for UDC only)
• Feeders and connected loads
• Number of homes on each feeder and Consumption billing data
• Type of connections – 3 phase /1 phase / agri / industry / others
• Street light and shop connections
• Power outage pattern, total load during different time etc
Detailed list of requirements will be shared separately

Help needed from Discoms-2
Project management and implementation
• Appoint members for steering committee and PCAC
• GM level full time resource (primary contact) and other full/part time resources
for project execution
• Provide space for office and warehouse
• Provide space in substation for BOFEAS installation (UDC only)
• Customer Reach-out activities
• Carry out metering, billing, new connections, brown outs, routine maintenance,
customer complaint handling etc. post training

Help needed from MoP and REC
• ED exemption of IITM should apply for the pilot deployment
• CST exemption or maximum 5%
• Classify solar-DC as solar equipment
• Classify UDC as energy efficient equipment
• Octroi/stateentry tax exemption
• UDPM and sub-station equipment will not be type-approved. CPRI certification
exemption for the pilot
• 48V DC standard for in-home wiring from BIS
• DC power billing to be handled by discoms. IITM will provide recommendations

Back-up

Project Planning and Coordination Team
Composition:
PIC (execution responsibility), IITM and respective discom
• Survey / segregate substation wise line diagrams
• Identify changes and materials required for each substation
• Identify Discom’s scope of work at substations and support operational level
personnel prepare necessary proposals for approvals
• Create databases of units (homes, industry, school, park, street lights etc)
serviced by each substation. Prepare implementation strategy and
methodology for each set of units.
• Identify space for project office, stores, IQC and maintenance, staff each one
• Prepare a comprehensive implementation plan
• Act as interface for resolution of any issues by liaising with the right personnel

Customer Relations Team
Composition:
CRC (execution responsibility), PIC, IITM and respective Discom
• Prepare strategy for educating locals about the project and its benefits
• Encourage users to undertake internal wiring and avail free DC devices
• Implement a software for tracking data at home level and for report generation
• Carry out detailed data collection post implementation for the pilot duration
• Provide customer support for the entire duration of the pilot
• Prepare monitoring and evaluation framework and conduct assessments,
including feedback surveys to analyse impact and drive improvements
• Develop a market for DC devices coupled with solar - propose and implement
methods to improve acceptance and awareness of DC devices

Project Implementation Team
Composition:
PIC (Project Implementation Contractor)
• Prepare a detailed time schedule of various activities and prepare a material
requirement plan including all major equipment and DC devices as specified by
the Project Planning & Co-ordination function in implementation strategy
• Get the necessary approvals / PO / WO for the same
• Install required equipment at sub-stations and homes
• Train the EB personnel on various aspects; prepare content
• Train local technicians for DC wiring and solar installations; prepare content
• Set up mechanism to handle all UDC related complaints in a timely manner
• Identify local shops who can stock up DC devices to cater to future demand

Supply Chain Management Team
Composition:
IIT Madras
• Award POs to chosen vendors for proprietary products equipment
• Tender and qualify vendors for non – proprietary products equipment
• Qualify vendors based on technical bids after releasing detailed specs.
Conduct financial qualification on technically proven vendors
• Place orders with identified vendors based on requirement
• Implement a mechanism and software to meet all equipment related
requirements on time
• Coordinate with other teams to dynamically track requirements / deliveries /
defects etc.

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