Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. It originated in the 19th century focusing on the physical description and identification of plant drugs, and has expanded to include the discovery of therapeutic agents from nature, quality control, and intellectual property rights. Key areas of pharmacognosy application now include cancer therapy, nutraceuticals, herbal medicine quality standards, appropriate plant identification, and ensuring safety and efficacy of traditional medicines through principles of good practices.

1. PHARMACOGNOSY
Introduction and Definitions
Definition: The word "pharmacognosy" is derived from two Greek words:
Pharmakon ..drug Gnosis.. Knowledge)
Synonym: Phytomedicine
Early 19th century: Pharmacognosy designated the discipline related to the
study of medicinal plants. Barks, Leaves, seeds, seedlings, roots, flowers.
Early 20th century: Dealt mostly with physical description and identification of
whole and powdered plant drugs including their history, commerce, collection,
preparation, and storage.
21th century: Expanded dimension incorporating: description and quality
control of these drugs, discovery of novel chemical therapeutic agents from
the natural world.
Pharmacognosy Current Application:
●Cancer therapy & prevention● Nutraceuticals

2. Assessment of Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Intellectual Property Rights of TM
These products contain active ingredients, nutrients and other constituents of foods
and supplements e.g. deleterious substances such as pesticides and toxic elements.
The establishment of quality standards is a key process in the production of safety and
efficacious bio-therapeutic products.
Appropriate medicinal plant identification carried by:
●Ethnobotanical ● Pharmacognosy ● Phytochemical
● Pharmacological ● Toxicological evaluations
● The application of principles of Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) and clinical safety
and efficacy ensures quality assurance of these products.
● Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is gaining worldwide acceptance, triggering
adoption of quality control measures worldwide.
● Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations for drugs & dietary supplements:
USA ● European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Heath Care (EDQM) high
emphasis on the quality control of herbal drugs including TCM herbs.
● The WHO has published monographs on the quality, safety, and efficacy of
selected medicinal plants, recommendations on the cultivation of medicinal plants,
and recommendations on the quality control, safety, and efficacy
Only a few African countries have developed guidelines for the protection of
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and traditional medicine

3. Assessment of Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Intellectual Property Rights of TM

4. Assessment of Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Intellectual Property Rights of TM

5. Assessment of Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Intellectual Property Rights of TM
Bible
St. Mary's thistle (Silybum marianum) aka milk thistle may be the thistle mentioned in Genesis chapter 318 in the Bible.
This item Herbs of
Gold St Mary's
Thistle 35000
60Tablets
Milk Thistle
1000mg Silymarin
Marianum &
Dandelion Root
Liver Health
Support 120
Capsules
Price $3899 $999
Sold By
awesomewarehous
e
Bronson
Laboratories
Brand Name Herbs of Gold Bronson
Dosage Form Tablet Capsule

6. Industrial Production of Antifungals Herbal Plants

7. Herbal Plants

8. Antifungal Herbal Medicines

9. Herbal Medicines

10. Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy Multi-Disciplinary Approach

11. Assessment of Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Intellectual Property Rights of TM

12. Phytopharmaceuticals: Herbal medicines whose efficacy is down to one or several plant
substances or active ingredients comprising entire plants, parts or materials thereof.
Phytotherapy: Usage of plants or herbs as medication as health-promoting agents to treat or
prevent human diseases.

14. Antipyretic
Antinociceptive agents: Compounds capable of diminishing pain without negative effects
on consciousness or without producing anesthesia.
Antihydrotic
Antidepressan
Cardiac stimulant
Diuretics
Expectorant
Purgatives
Nutraceuticals: Memory enhancement Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases
e.g. Parkinson's disease
Laxatives
Analgesic or anodynes: Herbs that reduce or eliminate pain.

15. Spices Aromatic Plants
Camphor Rheirhisoma Podophyllum Theae Folium
Ginseng Camomile Cinnamon Cardamom
Chia seeds Rosemary
Ephedra Pepper Clove Nutmeg Mint
Aloe Coriander Fig Garlic Juniper Flax
Sea onion Celery Asparagus Parsley Pomegranate
Ivy marshmallow
Poppy Saffron Sage Senna Curmin
Jimson weed Buttercup

16. Spices Aromatic Plants