2. INTRODUCTION
Some Species of plants and animals have already become extinct and there are many facing
denger of extinctions .during the last 2000 years about 106 species of animals and 139 species
of birds have become extinct.now it is estimated that about 600 species of birds and animals
are going to become extinct.
3. ENDANGEREDSPECIES
MOST OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ARE MAMALS AND BIRDS . SOME OF
THEM ARE LISTED BELOW
1. RHINOCEROS RHINOCEROS UNIOCORNIS
2. LION PANTHERA LEO
3. TIGER PANTHERA PARADUS
4. SPOTTED DEER AXIS AXIS
5. WILD BUFFALO BIBALUS BIBALIS
6. CROCODILES CROCODILUS POROSUS
7. PEACOCK PAVPCRISTATUS
8. GIANT SQUIRREL RATUFA INDICA
9. LION TAILED MONKEY MACACA SILENUS
4. METHODSFORCONSERVATION
1) KNOWLEDGE OF WILD LIFE
2) APPOENTMENT OF OFFICIALS
3) PROTECTIVE LOWS
4)RESTRICTION OF HUNTING
5) POACHING
6)HABITAT IMPROVEMENT
7) RESTORATION OF HABITATS
8) CLONALBANK
9) PROVISION FOR SHELTER AND COVER
10) ARTIFICIAL STOCKING
11)GAME FARMING
12)EDUCATING THE PUBLIC
5. NATIONALPARKSANDSANCTUARIES
IN INDIA THERE ARE 67 NATIONAL PARKS AND 394 SANCTUARIES WITH ATOTAL AREA OF ABOUT 141298 SQ. KM
REPRESENTING ROUGHLY 4% OF THE COUNTRYS GEOGRAPHIC AREA. IN YEAR 1981 THERE WERE ONLY 19 NATINAL
PARKS AND 202 SACTUARIES IN OUR COUNTRYS.
FOLLOWING ARE THE IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES OF INDIA .
STATE NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTURIES
1. ANDHRA PRADESH NEELAPATTU, RAWAL,.POCHARAM
2. ARUNACHAL PRADESH NAMIDAPHA
3. ASAM KAZIRANGA, MANAS
4. BIHAR BETLA,HAZARIBARH
5. GOA MOLLEN
6. GUJARAT GIR, NAL SAROVAR
7. HARAYANA SULTANPUR LAKE
8. HIMACHAL PRADESH GOVIND SAGAR
9. JAMMU AND KASHMIR DACHIGM
10. MADHYA PRADESH SHIVPURI
11. MAHARASTRA PENCH , TADOBA, NAVEGAON, KARNALA
12. MIZORAM DAMPA
13. NAGALAND INTANGKI
14. RAJASTAN GHANA,SARISKA
15. WEST BENGAL MAHANANDI, SUNDERBAN .
6. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA HAS ALSO UNDERTEKEN SPECIAL PROJET FROM ENDANGERAD SPECIES
LIKE BENGAL TIGER GIR LION , RHIONCEROS , CROCODILE AND SNOW LEO0PARD
1. PROJECT TIGER;- ABOUT 40,000 ROYAL BENGAL TIGER WERE THERE IN 1909-1910 BECAUSE OF
HUNTING POCHING,THE TIGER POPULATION DECLINED AND ONLY 2500 TIGER REMAINS IN THE
YEAR 1982.TO PROTECT THE ANIMALS TASK FORCE OF THE IBWL RECOMMENDED THE PROJECT
TIGER RESERVES. EX:-SUNDARBAN,MELGHAT,MANAS,BANDIPUR .
2. GIR LION PROJECT :- THE GIR LION IS FOUND ONLY GIR FOREST OF GUJRAT . THE TOTAL AREA OF
GIR FOREST IS 1412.12 SQ.KM AND IT WAS DECLAERD NATIONAL PARK IN 1978. BECAUSE OF THIS
PROJECT IN YEAR 1968. THERE WAS 177 LIONS IN GIR . THIS
NUMBER INCREASED TO180 IN 1974 .
3. RHINOCEROS CONSERVATION :-- THIS PROJET IN UNDERTAKING TO CONSERVE THE INDIAN
RHINOCEROS IN ASAM SINCE 1987.
4. SNOW LEOPARD PROJECT :- THIS PROJECT IS BEING TAKEN TO CREATE 12 SNOW LEOPARD
RESURVES THROUGHT OUT THE HIMALAYAS .
7. CONSERVATIONOF WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION METHOD :- THERE ARE TWO BASIC APPROACHES FOR CONSERVATION
OF BIODIVERSITY NAMELY IN-SITU AND EX-SITU CONSERVATION .
1. IN-SITU CONSERVATION :- IN THIS METHOD IS APPLIED FOR CONSERVATION OF ECOSYSTEM
AND NATURAL HABITATS. AND DOMASTICATED OR CULTIVATED SPECIES LIKE CROP PLANTS ,
FOREST SPECIES . THIS APPROACH REFERS TO PROTECTION ZONES AND AREAS OF HIGH
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. THIS AREAS ARE NOTHING BUT NATURAL ECOSYSTEM WHICH PROTECT
SPECIES WITH MINIMUM HUMAN INTERFERENCE.
2. EX-SITU CONSERVATION:- THIS TYPE OF CONSERVATION INCLUDES THE USE OF BOTANICAL
GARDEN AND AEBORETA ON ONE HAND AND GENE BANK ON THE OTHER. IT IS THE OLDEST FORM
OF CONSERVATION WHICH WAS REPORTED FROM EUROPE IN THE 15TH AND 26TH CENTURIES .