PATNA MARINE DRIVE INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT_opt.pdf

SUMMER INTERNSHIP
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BHOJPUR
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR
Presented By -Amit Kumar
Roll No -20C26
Training Period-18.05.2022-17.06.2022

DECLARATION
I hereby that this Report titled “GANGA PATH
PROJECT” submitted to the Bihar State Road
Development Corporation Ltd. Patna in the State of
Bihar is a record of original work done by Amit Kumar
from Government Engineering College, Bhojpur
(Aﬄicted by Aryabhatta Knowledge Knowledge Patna,
University Registration No – 20101156022) under the
guideline of Mr T.NATRAJAN (ProjectManager)
and Brahadeeswaran K (Project Manager QA/QC) The
information and data given in the report is authentic
to the best of my knowledge. I have not submitted the
matter presented in this Dissertation anywhere for
award of any other Degree.
AMIT KUMAR
Under the guideline OF
Dy.General Manager (Tech.)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
AMIT KUMAR
I was born in Jan,2001 in Samastipur, Bihar. Currently
Pursuing B.Tech in Civil Engg From Government
Engineering College Bhojpur (Aﬃliated by Aryabhatta
Knowledge University Patna, Bihar).Currently I am in
2nd year 2020-2024 Batch Student.
Contact Information:-
Amit Kumar
Email- ak5523235@gmail.com Mobile –
8340256068
COLLEGE ID :-
Roll No - 20C26
Reg. No 20101156022
Department of Civil Engineering.
Govt.Engg.College Bhojpur
Department of Science and Technology. Government
of Bihar.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The internship opportunity I had with Bihar State
Road Development Corporation Ltd. Was a great
chance for learning and professional development.
Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual
as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of
it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so
many wonderful people and professionals who led me
though this internship period. Bearing in mind previous
I am using this opportunity to express my deepest grat‐
itude and special thanks to the MD of Bihar State Road
Development Corporation Ltd. Who in spite of being
extraordinarily busy with her/his duties, took time out
to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and
allowing me to carry out my project at their esteemed
organization and extending during the training. It is my
radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards,
deepest sense of gratitude to Brahadeeswaran K
(Project Manager QA/QC),Rajeev Kumar (HR Oﬃcer),
B V Swamiji (HR Oﬃcer), Pankaj Verma (Asst. Bridge
Engg.) for their careful and precious guidance which
were extremely valuable for my study both theoretic‐
ally and practically. I perceive as this opportunity as a
big milestone in my career development. I will strive to
use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible
way, and I will continue to work on their improvement,
in order to attain desired career objectives. Hope to
continue cooperation with all of you in the future.
Sincerely
Amit Kumar

PROJECT INFORMATION
The Road Construction Department, Government of
Bihar through Bihar State Road Development Corpor‐
ation Limited (BSRDCL) (the “Authority”) Government
of Bihar undertaking, incorporated under [Indian]
Companies Act, 1956, is engaged in the development
of highways and as a part of this endeavor, the
Authority has decided to undertake “Construction of
Ganga Path including 7.6 km of elevated structure with
divided carriageway of four lane standards with allied
facilities from Digha to Didarganj (21.5km) project cost
of ₹3,160 crores at Patna in the state of Bihar” through
a Engineering,Procurement and Construction (the
“EPC”)contract.This project will connect east to west
of patna,from aiims-digha ﬂyover to patna bakhtiyarpur
highway.

Sieve Analysis Of Fine Aggregate
Location - Ganga River (Patna)
Project-Ganga Path
DighaTo Didarganj (21.50km)
Objectives :-
The procedure of sieve analysis is to determine the
particle size distribution of the ﬁne aggregates and
determine whether it is suitable to use in concrete
mixing.
Test Equipment:-
A series of IS sieves
10mm
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 mic
300 mic
150 mic
75 mic

Experiment Procedure for Sieve Analysis

1.Weighed the sample to exactly 1000g.
2.First of all, we have to clean all the sieves using a
wire brush to be clear of aggregates stuck in some
gaps.
3
Then we have to prepare the sieves onto the shaking
machine from top to bottom, by the size from biggest
(4,75mm) to smallest (0.075mm).
4.The sample is sieved by using the set of IS Sieves for
10 minutes.
5.After the sieving is done, the aggregates on each
sieve are weighed individually.
6.Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is
calculated as a percentage of the total sample weight.
7.The same procedure is followed for two more
samples.
The percentage passing weight so obtained shall
than be compared with the permissible values given
in the IS 383. The standard table in IS code shows the
permissible values of percentage passing for different
grading zones i.e., Zone I, Zone II, Zone III, and Zone IV.
The zone of the sand thus is determined by comparing
the observed percentage passing values with the

permissible values given in the IS 383.
Data ,Calculation and Results for a random sample are
listed Below .

Presented By Amit Kumar
Last modiﬁed: 10:35 pm

SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
Location - Ganga River(Patna)
Project-Ganga Path
Objective-To determine the gradation of coarse
aggregate by sieve analysis.
APPARATUS USED:-
Weight pan.
IS Sieve of sizes – 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm.
Round pans to ﬁt sieve
Brushes
Sieve Shaker

Figure - Sieve Shaker motor operated
PROCEDURE:-
1.The sample should be oven dried at temperature
1000C to 1100C before weighing and sieving.
2.The dried sample of coarse aggregate is weighed.
3.The weighed sample is placed on the uppermost
sieve. The sieve is arranged according to sizes.
4.The sieve with biggest opening is kept on top while
the sieve with smallest opening is kept at bottom.
5.Below the sieve of smallest opening, pan is kept in
order to collect the remaining samples which does not
conform to the sieve sizes above.

6.A brush is used to clean the additional particles or
impurities remaining on the sieve shaker.
7.After making all the arrangement the sieve shaker is
turned on and it is operated continuously for around 10
– 15 minutes in order to obtain correct results.
8.After operating the shaker is turned off and the
sieves are taken out for weighing the remaining
samples on each of the respective sieves.
9.Cumulative weight passing through each sieve sizes
are calculated as a percentage of the total sample
weighed.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
The coarse aggregate both graded and single sized
shall be supplied in nominal sizes as per speciﬁcations
given as under:

Weight of sample taken = 2000gm.
PRESENTED BY -AMIT KUMAR
GEC BHOJPUR

Aggregate Impact Value(AIV) Test
Project-Ganga Path
Objectives of Impact Value Test:-
This method of test is used to measure the impact
value of aggregate use in the construction of Highway
pavement and concrete structures.
Required Test Apparatus:-
1. Impact testing machine

2. The total weight of the machine used in the test is
not more than 60kg or not less than 45 kg.
3. A steel cup shape as a cylinder and
internal dimensions:

Diameter = 102mm
Depth = 50mm
Thickness = 6.3mm
4. 13.5 to 14 kg hammer with the end of cylindrical
shape is used for the impact load:-
Diameter = 100mm
Length = 50mm
Chamfer at lower edge = 2mm
5. Sieves:- The following IS sieves are used
12.5mm
10mm
2.36mm
6. Measure
The cylinder was made with the steel used.
The following internal dimensions are:

Diameter = 75mm
Depth = 50mm
7. Tamping rod
A straight tamping rod made with the metal of circular
c/s is used to tamp the aggregate. Rounded at the
end.
The following are the dimension of the rod:
Diameter = 10mm
Length = 230mm
Preparation of Aggregate Sample:-
The aggregate uses for the sample are passed through
the 12.5mm IS sieve and retained on the 10mm IS
sieve.
The aggregate which is retained on the 10mm sieve is
dried in an oven for a time period of 4 hours at the
oven temperature of 100 to 110º C.
The cylindrical measure used for the
collection sample ﬁlled about 1/3 fullwith the
aggregates and it tamped 25 stokes with help of
the rounded end of the tamping rod. Further similar

1/3 quantity of aggregates are filled in it and again 25
stokes are given.
Then measure is finally filled to overflowing then apply
25 stokes again and the extra aggregates are removed
from the measure with the help of the straight portion
of the tamping rod.

Preparation of Sample by Group Members(GEC
BHOJPUR STUDENTS) Figure-

The Procedure of Impact Test of Aggregate:-
Impact Value Test
The impact machine is rest on a horizontal ﬂat
surface like the level plate, block, or ﬂoor without
any packing. So, the application of a hammer

is straight and vertical.
The cup is fixed in a proper position on the base of
the impact machine.
Transfer aggregate sample from cylindrical measure to
cut fitted in an impact test machine and apply 25
strokes of the rod to compact it.
Then the hammer is lifted 380mm and falls on
the upper surface of the aggregate which fills in
the cup.
A total of 15 blows are applied to the cup
each delivered at an interval of not less than 1 second.
The crushed aggregates are removed from the
cup and the crushed sample is sieved from the
2.36mm IS sieve.
Weight the fraction of
sample passing through 2.36mm IS sieve accuracy up
to 0.1 gm. (Wa)
Weight the fraction of sample retains on the 2.36mm
IS sieve. ( weight Wb)
The total weight of the sample (Wa+ Wb) is less
than the initial weight (weight W) by more than
one gram than the result discarded.

PRESENTED BY-AMIT KUMAR
Last modiﬁed: 19 May 2022

FLAKINESS AND ELONGATION INDEX OF A…
Project-Ganga Path
Objective:-
This method uses to measure the Flakiness
Index and Elongation index of aggregate use in the
construction of Highway pavementand concrete
structures.
Elongation Index
The Elongation index of aggregate is the % by weight
of the particles (aggregates) whose length is greater
than 1 and 4/5th (1.8 times) of their mean dimension.”
Flakiness Index
The ﬂakiness index of aggregate is the % byweight
of the particles (aggregates) whose thickness is less
than 3/5th(0.6 times) of their mean dimension.”
Generally, ﬂat and elongated particles are avoided
or are limited to about 15 % by weight of the total
aggregate.
Apparatus

Balance
The balance used to measure the aggregate has
suﬃcient capacity. Its accuracy is 0.1% of the weight
of the test sample.
Metal gauge
The metal gauge used to measure the thickness/
elongation is looked like this ﬁgure shown below:
Flakiness :-

The IS Sieves: 63 mm, 50 mm, 40 mm, 31.5 mm, 25
mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 6.3 mm.
Sample Preparation:-
Prepare aggregate sample for the test
by sieving between IS sieve 6.3 mm size at the bottom
and 63 mm IS sieve at top.
A separate sample retains on each sieve.
The collected aggregate sample should have at
least 200 numbers of individual aggregatefor accurate
test results from each range ofIS sieve.
We take a range of aggregate samples retained on 25
mm IS Sieve. (Separate test can be conducted on each
range of Sieve).
Take the weight of the total aggregate sample(Wa)

Flakiness and Elongation Test Procedure:-
Test Procedure for Flakiness Index:-
Try to pass the aggregate width-wise through the slot
of 10mm to 25 mm on a ﬂakiness gauge.
A separate sample passed through this slot and weight
(Wb)
Separation of Flaky Material Figure-

Flakiness Index = Weight of aggregate passed through
width gauge 10 mm to 25 mm (Wb) / Total weight of
aggregate sample taken (Wa)
Test Procedure for Elongation Index:-
Separation of Elongation material Fig-

Try to pass the aggregate length-wise through the slot
of 10mm to 25 mm on the length gauge.
And measure Total weight as (Wc)
A separate sample retains on this slot and weighted
it(Wd)
Flakiness Index = Weight of aggregate passed through
width gauge 10 mm to 25 mm (Wd) / Total weight of
aggregate sample taken (Wc)
Calculation and Result for EI & FI:-

PRESENTED BY -AMIT KUMAR
Last modiﬁed: 27 May 2022

Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Cub…
Project-Ganga Path
Objective:-Compressive strength is the ability of
material or structure to carry the loads on its surface
without any crack or deﬂection.
Equipment & Apparatus Required For The Test:-
1.Compression testing machine
2.150mm Cube Mouls( with IS Mark)
3.Electronic Weighing Machine

Used M20 grade of Concrete
Procedure:-
For cube test two types of specimens either cubes
of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or 10cm X 10cm x 10cm
depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For
most of the works cubical molds of size 15cm x 15cm
x 15cm are commonly used.
This concrete is poured in the mold and appropriately
tempered so as not to have any voids.
Sampling of Cubes for Test
Clean the mounds and apply oil.
Fill the concrete in the molds in layers approximately 5
cm thick.
Compact each layer with not less than 35 strokes per
layer using a tamping rod (steel bar 16mm diameter

and 60cm long, bullet-pointed at lower end).
Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel.
After 24 hours, molds are removed, and test
specimens are put in water for curing. The top surface
of these specimen should be made even and smooth.
This is done by placing cement paste and spreading
smoothly on the whole area of the specimen.
These specimens are tested by compression testing
machine after seven days curing or 28 days curing.
Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140
kg/cm2 per minute till the Specimens fails. Load
at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the
compressive strength of concrete.
Calculation For Compressive Strength:-
Size of the cube =15cmx15cmx15cm
Area of the specimen (calculated from the mean size
of the specimen )=225 cm2
Characteristic compressive strength(f ck)at 7 days =
Total Load Applied/Area of Cube

Slump Test of Concrete
Project-Ganga Path
Objective:- slump cone test is to determine the
workability or consistency of concrete mix prepared
at the laboratory or the construction site during the
progress of the work.
Equipments Required for Concrete Slump Test:-
Mold for slump test i.e. slump cone, non porous base
plate, measuring scale, temping rod. The mold for the
test is in the form of
The frustum of a cone having
height 30 cm,
bottom diameter 20 cm
and top diameter 10 cm.
The tamping rod is of steel 16 mm diameter and 60cm
long and rounded at one end.

Procedure for Concrete Slump Cone Test:-
1.Clean the internal surface of the mould and apply oil.
2.Place the mould on a smooth horizontal non- porous
base plate.
3.Fill the mould with the prepared concrete mix in 4
approximately equal layers.
4.Tamp each layer with 25 strokes of the rounded end
of the tamping rod in a uniform manner over the cross
section of the mould. For the subsequent layers, the
tamping should penetrate into the underlying layer.
5.Remove the excess concrete and level the surface
with a trowel.
6.Clean away the mortar or water leaked out between
the mould and the base plate.
7.Raise the mould from the concrete immediately and
slowly in vertical direction.
8.Measure the slump as the difference between the
height of the mould and that of height point of the
specimen being tested.

Results of Slump Test on Concrete

PRESENTED BY - AMIT KUMAR
Slump for the given sample= 175mm

BRIDGE PIER AND SEGMENT
Project-Ganga Path
CASTING YARD
A casting yard is a conﬁned place where all the con‐
crete structures like segments, I-girders/ beams etc
are casted. The casting yard brings factory controlled
production techniques, eﬃciency, quality control, and
times savings to bridge construction. Fabricating
bridge segments in a separate area also removes cast‐
ing operations from the construction critical path and
reduces overall construction time. Regardless of the
project location or size, a contractor’s casting yard for
bridge segments has several essential features. These
include: -delivery and storage areas, -a concrete batch
plant, -a rebar cage assembly area, -one or more cast‐
ing cells, -steam curing facilities, -geometric control
stations, and -segment storage and handling facilities
Segment:- The concrete ring is usually composed
of a variable number of segments (from 4 to 10),
depending on the tunnel geometry and constraints.
The Ganga path segmental bridge consists of two type
of segments:-

• FIELD SEGMENT
• PIER SEGMENT
in one span 15 field segments and two pier segments
are used.
Field segment is a part of span on which traffic will
move and transfer the load to substructure.
It is 21000mm in length
3030mm in width,
200mm in thickness
and 3150mm in height.
Its weight is 86 tonnes
and requires 34m3 of concrete.
Figure of Field Segment-
PIER SEGMENT Through pier segment all the strands
pass and hold the field segment. It is 21000mm in
length,
2150mm in width,
200mm in thickness
and 3150mm in height.

It’s weight is 110 tonnes and requires 40m3 of
concrete.
Figure of Pier Segment-
COMPONENTS OF BRIDGE
PILE AND PILE CAP

PILE:- A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong
material such as concrete that is pushed into the
ground to act as a steady support for structures built
on top of it.Pile foundations are used in the following
situations: When there is a layer of weak soil at the
surface. This layer cannot support the weight of the
structure, so the loads of the structure have to bypass
this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger

soil or rock that is below the weak layer. When a
structure has very heavy, concentrated loads, such
as in a high rise buildings, bridge, or water tank pile
foundation are used. Pile foundations are capable of
taking higher loads than spread footings.
PILE CAP:- A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests
on concrete that have been driven into soft or unstable
ground to provide a suitable stable foundation. It
usually forms part of the foundation of a building,
typically a multi-story building, structure or support
base for heavy equipment. The cast concrete pile cap
distributes the load of the building into the piles.

PIER AND PIER CAP
PIER:- A pier is a raised structure typically supported
by well-spaced piles or pillars. Bridges, buildings, and
walkways may all be supported by piers.
PIER CAP:- The upper or bearing part of a bridge pier;
usually made of concrete or hard stone; designed to
distribute concentrated loads evenly over the area of
the pier.

ABUTMENT
Abutment refers to the substructure at the ends
of a bridge span or dam whereon the structure’s
superstructure rests or contacts. Single-span bridges
have abutments at each end which provide vertical
and lateral support for the bridge, as well as acting
as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the
earthen ﬁll of the bridge approach. Multi-span bridges
require piers to support ends of spans unsupported by
abutments.
PEDESTAL:-
PEDESTAL A concrete pedestal is a compression
element provided to carry the loads from supported

elements like columns, statues etc. It is generally
provided below the metal columns. In general pedestal
width is greater than its height. The main functions
of pedestal provision are as follows. To avoid contact
between soil and metal elements. To offer support
for elements at some elevation To allow thinner
foundation footing.
BEARING
BEARING A bridge bearing is a component of a bridge
which typically provides a resting surface between
bridge piers and the bridge deck. The purpose of a
bearing is to allow controlled movement and thereby
reduce the stresses involved. Movement could be
thermal expansion or contraction, or movement from
other sources such as seismic activity. There are sev‐
eral different types of bridge bearings which are used
depending on a number of different factors including
the bridge span. The oldest form of bridge bearing is
simply two plates resting on top of each other. A com‐
mon form of modern bridge bearing is the elastomeric
bridge bearing. Another type of bridge bearing is the
mechanical bridge bearing. There are several types
of mechanical bridge bearing, such as the pinned
bearing, which in turn includes speciﬁc types such
as the rocker bearing, and the roller bearing. Another
type of mechanical bearing is the ﬁxed bearing, which
allows rotation, but not other forms of movement.

GIRDER:- A girder is a support beam used in
construction. It is the main horizontal support of a
structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often
have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-
bearing ﬂanges separated by a stabilizing web, but
may also have a Box shape,Z- shape, or other forms. A
girder is commonly used to build bridges.
DESK, CRASH BARRIER & EXPANSION JOINT DESK:- A
deck is the surface of a bridge. A structural element of
its superstructure, it may be constructed of concrete,
steel, open grating, or wood. Sometimes the deck is
covered a railroad bed and track, asphalt concrete, or
other form of pavement for ease of vehicle crossing.
A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge

structure (T-beam or double tee structure) or it may
be supported with I-beams or steel girders. CRASH
BARRIER:-Crash/Traﬃc barriers keep vehicles within
their roadway and prevent them from colliding
with dangerous obstacles such as boulders, sign
supports, trees, bridge abutments, buildings, walls,
and large storm drains, or from traversing steep (non-
recoverable) slopes or entering deep water. They are
also installed within medians of divided highways to
prevent errant vehicles from entering the opposing
carriageway of traﬃc and help to reduce head-on
collisions.
EXPANSION JOINT:-An expansion joint or movement
joint is an assembly designed to safely absorb the
temperature-induced expansion and contraction of
construction materials, to absorb vibration, to hold
parts together, or to allow movement due to ground
settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly found
between sections of buildings, bridges, sidewalks,
railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other
structures.
Some Figure Of Ganga Path way Construction

Presented by -Amit Kumar
GEC BHOJPUR
Last modiﬁed: 3 Jun 2022

Highway and Road Construction
Near -Digha Rotary
* Pavement:- pavment is a construction which
consists few layers of road material over a prepared
Soil subgrade to serve as a carriageway.
Types Of pavement Structure:-
Pavement are generally classiﬁed in three types:-
1.Flexible Pavement
2.Rigid Pavement
3.Semi -Regid Pavement
(1) Flexible Pavement Consist of 4 layers:-
a) Soil -Subgrade
b) Sub -Base Course
C) Base Course
d) Surface Course or Wearing Course
(A)Soil Subgrade:- Subgrade is a layer of natural soil
prepared to receive the payment material over it .its

function is to transfer the load coming on it on large
Earth mass and to provide a good support to pavment
structure.
(B) Sub Base Course:- it is an additional layer when
the soil subgrade is of poor quality it consist of broken
stones ,Slag, broken overburnt bricks etc .It is desirable
to smaller size of material for good interlocking.
(C)Base Course:- This course is made of large side
particles like boulders ,bricks etc .This Layer is
considered as the main component of pavment
structure because it has bear the impact of wheel
loads through wearing course.
(D) Surface Course or Wearing Course:-
It is the top most layer of pavment structure in ﬂexible
payment ,the bituminous surface act as the wearing
course.
Surface Course includes seal coat, surface course,
tack coat, binder course, prime coat.
Geometric Design of Highway:-

. Carriage way or Pavement Width:- pavement
with depends upon width of traﬃc. width of traﬃc
is determined by maximum width of vehicle and
clearance provided on both side for safety.
Widht Of Carriage way As per IRC:-

Road Width=pavement Width +Widht of Separator.
. Shoulder:- shoulder are provided along the road is to
serve as an emergency care for Vehicle compelled to
taken out the pavment.
Shoulder also act as a service Lane for the vehicle
which have broken down .
The minimum shoulder width are recommended by
Indian Road Congress(IRC) is 2.5 m where as desirable
width his 4.6 m

.Width Of Formation or Roadway:- width of formation
is equal to sum of pavment width and width of to
Shoulders.
Roadway=Road Width+ width of 2 Shoulders

.Kerbs:- Kerb indicates the boundary between the
pavment and Footpath and Shoulder.
Different Types Of Kerb:-
.Low kerb Or Mountable Kerb:- its height is 10 cm
above the pavment edge with Slope.
.Semi barrier type kerb:-Its Height is kept 15 cm above
the pavement edge with a slope of 1:1 on top 7.5 cm
.Barrier type kerb:- The height of their Kerb is 20cm
above the pavement edge with a steep batter of 1
vertical and 0.25 horizontal.

.Camber Or Cross Slope:- camber is the slope provided
to the road surface in the transverse direction to drain

off the rain water from the road surface.
Shape Of Camber:- Camper may be Parabolic, Straight
Or Elliptical Shape.

Super Elevation :- On horizontal Curves, the outer edge
of road is raise with respect to inner edge, this is called
super elevation Or banking of road Or cant.
Super Elevation is provided to Counter balance the
effect of Centrifugal action.
Analysis Of Super Elevation:-

As Per IRC Maximum Super Elevation For
For plain and Rolling Terrain =7%
On Hilly Area or Snow bound area=10%
On Urban Roads=4%

O.G.L(ORIGINAL GROUND LEVEL)SURVEY
O.G.L Survey through Auto Level in Road Work
Required Equipment :-
Auto Level
Leveling Staff
AUTO LEVEL:-

LEVELLING STAFF:-
TYPES OF SELF READING STAFF:-
(a)Folding metric Staff- This staff is made of well
Seasoned Timber.
Widht:-75mm
Thickness:-18mm
Height:-4m
It is divided into two parts of 2 m length having a
Locking arrangement. It can be folded or detechted
when required.
Note :- leat Count of Metric staff is 5mm(0.005m)
The value of meter are marked in red and the value of
decimeter are marked in
black.
(b)Telescopic staff (Sop with pattern):-
When fully extended,(Total Length) is usually of 14 ft
(or 5 m) . The 14 ft. staff has solid top length of 4' 6"
sliding into the central box of 4' 6" length. The central
box, in turn, slides into lower box of 5' length.The three
corresponding lengths are usually 1.5 m, 1.5 m and 2
m.

Fig-Telescopic Staff of 5m Length
PROCEDURE OF SURVEYING:-
The procedure of dumpy level surveying starts with
some temporary adjustments which are:
Setting up of instrument
Leveling up
Focusing
Setting up of Dumpy
Setting up of Dumpy Level
The instrument is ﬁxed to the tripod stand using
clamp screws. Spread the tripod legs and position the
instrument at convenient height. Firstly ﬁx the two legs
in the ground at a point and centering of bubble in the
bubble tubes is done by adjusting third leg.
Leveling up
The leveling up of an instrument is done using foot
screws or leveling screws. In this case, the telescope
is arranged parallel to the any two leveling screws and
the bubble in the tube is centered by turning both the
screws either inwards or outwards.
When it is centered, then the telescope is turned
90o and the third screw is turned until the bubble
come to center. Repeat the process until the bubble in
the tube always stays at the middle in any position of
telescope.
Setting up the level:-Set up the tripod where we have a

clear sight of
the benchmark and at a similar height to but preferably
higher, than the benchmark.
Space the Tripod legs well apart, with the level plate
about chest height of the person who will be reading
the Levels.
Bubble tubes-
Bubble tubes are provided to check the level of the
instrument. Two bubble tubes are provided in a dumpy
level which are arranged perpendicular to each other
on the top of the telescope. One tube is called as
longitudinal bubble tube and another is called as cross
bubble tube. The instrument is said to be in perfect
position when both the bubbles of the tubes are at
center or middle of the tube.
Focusing:-
Focusing is done by adjusting eye piece and focusing
screw. Eye piece is adjusted until the cross hairs of
diaphragm are clearly visible. To eliminate the parallax
error, a white paper is used to obtain sharp vision of
cross hairs.
Focusing screw is adjusted to view the clear image
of the objective or staff. Focusing is said to be done
when the cross hairs bisect the objective or staff with
clear vision.
.To set up a TBM Or Consider a pre marked T.B.M
Value For 1st R.L.

SUBMITTED BY AMIT KUMAR
Roll No-20C26
Department Of Civil Engineering
Government Engineering College Bhojpur

PATNA MARINE DRIVE INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT_opt.pdf

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PATNA MARINE DRIVE INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT_opt.pdf