COMPUTER HISTORY

1. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM
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2. BOOKS
 IT Concepts by Nain kanwal
 Introduction to computer by Peter Norton’s
 Fundamental concepts of computer system by
Asiya Sultan Ali, Amena Nudrat
 The concept of information technology by
Imran saed and Ahsan raza
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3. Ancient times
 People use fingers to show “how many”
 Easy to show large numbers in group of tens
 5000 years ago Abacus was developed
 Built from wood and spread from china
 Can keep tracks of numbers
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4. ABACUS4

5. The 1600,s(Napier,s bones)
 1617 Jhon Napier mathematician from scotland invented
rods
 Napier,s Bones
 Use to help large numbers multiplication
 Rods did not do the multiplication
 Helped a person to compute a product quickly
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6. Napier,s bones6

7.  1617 French Mathematician BLAISE PASCAL
 Working with his father in lab
 Job to add long columns tax and figures
 Boring as well as time consuming
 Invented a machine ,size of shoe box
 Add and Subtract numbers
 Pascal,s Arithmatic Machine ,used gears
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8. The 1800,s
 Joseph Jacquard , france, 1801, invented LOOM for
viewing clothes
 Punched cards used to control operation of loom
 A needle in card passed through a hole , become part of
pattern,
 Repeated over and over
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9. JACQUARD AT LOOM9
IBM PunchCard

10. Charless Babbage
 First Calculating Machine truly called a computer, invented
in england , 1842
 Do more than calculation ,Receive instructions, Process
and Store information
 People could not understand unusual ideas
 Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace, mathematician only person
appreciated babbage,s plans
 Support babbage to raise money for making analytical
machine programming language ADA is named in her
honour
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11. BABBAGE ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
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12.  In 1891 London Science Museum construct an engine cost
of $1 million, raised by donations.
 Machine included 4000 parts, work perfectly
 Result 31 digits to accuracy
 50 years later ,important machine built HERMAN
HOLLERITH,S TABULATING MACHINE uses punch
cards
 Used by U S Government for collecting facts about every
person, so much data was collected ,Hollerith form a
company later became IBM
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13. Herman Hollerith,s Tabulating
Machine
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14. Computer Literacy
 Jhon V Atanassof and Clifford Berry made a computer
(ABC) Antanassof – Berry Computer
 1967 President,s Science Advisory committee
recommended computer literacy for school
children
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15. Antanassof Berry Computer
(ABC)
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16. The Late 1960,s
 1967 group of Minnesota school district formed a
consortium (a group of people, countries, companies, etc.
who are working together on a particular project) entitled
“TIES” Total Information for Education System
 End of 1960 many private corporation were developing
interest in Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
 IBM continued to develop CAI hardware for its stop training
program
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17.  In late 1960s computing was done by large Mainframe
systems
 Maine frame were designed for business applications
 Were not well suited for computer assisted instruction
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18. Mark 1 Computer 1944
 Howard Aiken, American engineer Harvard university built
“MARK 1”
 Computer that very much like a machine
 Mark1 is known as world,s first electro-mechanical
computer 50-60 ft long 80 ft high
 Performing basic arithmetic operations: Addition,
Subtraction, Multiplication and Division 0, 0.3 sec to add
two numbers and 4.5 sec to multiply
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19. Mark 119

20. ENIAC(1943-46)
 Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator
 American millitary need to calculate missile trajectories
quickly
 Mouchly and J Presper Eckert build a device
 18,000 vacum tubes, 70,000 resisters and 5 million
soldered joints, 160 kilowatts of electrical power
 ENIAC was not completed until 1946, war ended
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21.  ENIAC was a true programmable digital computer no
existing calculator
 ENIAC took 30 sec to complete trajectories (the curved
path of sth that has been fired, hit or thrown into the air , a
missile's trajectory) that would have required 40 hours of
hand calculation
 Many problems , would not run for more than few minutes
without blowing a tube
 Caused stop working
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22. ENIAC22

23. EDVAC
 Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
 John von Neuman designed EDVAC in 1945
 Memory to hold store program and data
 This “stored memory” technique as well as the ”coditional
control program” that allowed the computer to be stopped at
any point and then resumed, allowed for greater verstality in
computer programming
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24.  Key element to the Von Neumann architecture was central
processing unit,
 Which allowed all computer functions to be coordinated
through a single
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25. EDVAC 1946-5225

26. Univac (1951 univarsal
variable)
 A registered trade mark of Eckert Mouchly
 Eckert and Mouchly first developed the ENIAC used by
u.s Government
 Later its use as first commerically sold computer the
UNIVAC
 Sold by Remington Rand Corporation later Sperry Rand
Corporation, Sperry Corporation and Unisys Corporation
 Room size computer was created in 1960,s
 First univac computer was 1100 model.
1107,1108,1110,1100/80 models created
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27. UNIVAC 195127

28. Evolution of computer system
in education
 1971 , INTEL ,a company specializing in the development
of electronic components,
 Developed a product INTEL 4004 chip, a microprocessor.
 INTEL placed an advertisement in november 1971 issue of
electronic news for their “Computer on a chip”
 Four bit chip > eight bit chips
 Eight bit chip evolved until 8080 chip was introduced in
april 1974
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29.  8080 chip made possible the altair , a microcomputer in kit
form
 April 1977 of the commodore PET, in june and july of same
year, the apple 11 and radio shack TRS 80
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30. 30
4004 CHIP
Radio shackTRS80

31. Whirlwind
 1950 Massachussets institute of technology unvieled this
specialized electronic computer
 Designed originally flight simulator for training combat
pilots, whirlwind occupied three floors
 1972 Phillips company had demonstrated a laser videodisc
 Store high quality images and quality sound
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32. Whirlwind32

33. Teletype
 1959 researchers at IBM Watson Research Centre took
their staff development CAI Computer Assisted Information
technology and used it with school children in state of
Newyork
 Teletype terminals were placed in school and connected by
telephone line to a large IBM computer
 1963 Stanford university initiated a research program in
CAI
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34.  1970 Minicomputers were developed
 Authoring language was PILOT(Program inquiry learning or
teaching )
 PILOT was developed by jhon stark weather University of
California
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35. Teletype terminal35

36. Courseware
 Term used to describe the instructional materials used in
Computer Assisted Instruction
 1982 State board of education in America approved a
motion requiring all applicants for teacher certificates to
have minimum amount of training in computer application
and education
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37. 1983
 Realization in education that computers were indeed a
strongly increasing force in society
 Computer must be given a place in the schools
 1983
 IBM
The IBM PC - Home Computer
 Grows a personal computer revolution
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38. IBM
International Business Machines )
US company that was the first to develop computers
successfully.
IBM computers created an international system that most
other computers now relate to.
The company began in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-
Recording Company.
It developed the first electric typewriter in the 1930s , the first
computer in the 1950s and the first IBM personal computer
(PC) was introduced in 1981
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39. 1983
 Apple Lisa Computer
 The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user
interface.
 In December, 1983, Apple Computers ran its' famous
"1984" Macintosh television commercial, on a small
unknown station solely to make the commercial eligible for
awards during 1984. The commercial cost 1.5 million and
only ran once in 1983
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40. 1984
 Apple Macintosh Computer
 The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
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41. 1985
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
 November 10, 1983, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City,
Microsoft Corporation formally announced Microsoft
Windows, a next-generation operating system that would
provide a graphical user interface (GUI) and a multitasking
environment for IBM computers
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42. MS DOS
 The "Microsoft Disk Operating System" or MS-DOS was
based on Microsoft's purchase of QDOS, the "Quick and
Dirty Operating System" written by Tim Paterson of Seattle
Computer Products, for their prototype Intel 8086 based
computer.
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43.  Microsoft staff photo from December 7, 1978. From left to
right:
Top: Steve Wood, Bob Wallace, Jim Lane.
Middle: Bob O'Rear, Bob Greenberg, Marc
McDonald, Gordon Letwin.
Bottom: Bill Gates, Andrea Lewis, Marla Wood, Paul Allen
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44. 44

45. Microsoft
 Microsoft is a multinational computer technology
corporation. The history of Microsoft began on April 4,
1975, when it was founded by Bill Gates and Paul
Allen in Albuquerque.Its current best-selling products are
the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft
Office suite of productivity software.
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46.  Microsoft was established to develop and sell BASIC
interpreters for the Altair 8800.
 It rose to dominate the personal computer operating
system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by
the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems
 The company's 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent
rise in its share price, created an estimated three
billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft
employees.
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47.  Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the
operating system market and has made a number of
corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired
Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion in its largest acquisition
to date.
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48.  In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee, working with Robert Cailliau at
CERN propose a 'hypertext' system, which is the first start
of the Internet as we know it today. Later, Tim Berners-Lee
successfully sets up the first web server at info.cern.ch on
December 25, 1990.
 Adobe Photoshop 1.0 is released in February of 1990.
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49.  Hubble telescope goes into space.
 Microsoft releases its first product for the Russian market
Russian DOS 4.01.
 The World, the first commercial Internet dial-up access
provider comes online.
 The Multimedia Personal Computer (MPC) standards are
developed by Tandy andMicrosoft.
 Microsoft and IBM stop working together to develop
operating systems.
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50.  The Reusable Alkaline battery is used for commercial use.
 TWAIN a standard interface for scanning equipment is
developed by the TWAIN consortium, consisting of
representatives from Aldus, Caere, Eastman,
Kodak, Hewlett Packard and Logitech.
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51.  Visual Basic for MS-DOS is released in September 1992.
 Jean-Loup Gaily and Mark Alder release gzip on October
31, 1992.
 Adobe Photoshop 2.5 is released for the Macintosh and for
the first time Windows in November of 1992.
 Microsoft releases Visual Basic 2.0 in November of 1992.
 Radio Shack releases the M2500 XL/2 and M4020 SX
personal computers, which are the first personal based
upon the MPC specification.
 IBM introduces ThinkPad, the industry's first notebook with
a 10.4 inch color TFT display and TrackPoint.
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52.  On December 4, 1995 Sun
Microsystems announcedJavaScript and first releases it in
Netscape 2.0B3. In the same year they also
introduced Java.
 PHP is publicly released June 8, 1995.
 On July 14, 1995 Karlheinz Brandenburg sent an e-mail
announcing the .mp3 file extension had won a poll and
announced that the old .bit file extension should no longer
be used.
 USB standard is released
52 TextPad is first released.

53.  The Opera browser version 1 is released April 1, 1995.
 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.
 Intel releases a new motherboard form factor called ATX in July
of 1995.
 Microsoft releases Visual Basic 4.0 in August of 1995.
 Microsoft releases Internet Explorer 1.0 on August 16, 1995.
 Microsoft releases Windows 95 on August 24, 1995 and sells
more than 1 million copies within four days.
 Hewlett Packard releases the HP 4020i in September, which
was the first sub $1,000.00 recordable disc drive (CD-R).
 Microsoft releases DirectX 1.0 (4.02.0095) on September 30,
1995.
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54.  IBM introduces the butterfly keyboard with the IBM 701
laptop.
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55.  Development for the Apple Newton OS and the Newton platform officially
ends on February 27, 1998.
 Sun Microsystems begins shipping the JavaStation in March of 1998.
 Adobe Photoshop 5.0 is released in May of 1998.
 3DNow! is introduced by AMD in May of 1998.
 AGP 2.0 is introduced in May of 1998.
 Microsoft Windows 98 is officially released on June 25, 1998.
 Perl 5.005 is released July 22, 1998.
 Advanced Packaging Tool is released in August of 1998.
 Apple introduces the iMac in August of 1998.
 Amazon.com goes down for a routine update and remains down for ten hours
n September 30, 1998.
 The DMCA is passed on October 28, 1998.
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56.  Valve Half-Life a popular FPS game is released November 19, 1998.
 The IEC approves standard 60027-2 in December 1998 and defines kibi, mebi, gibi, tebi,pebi,
and exbi.
 Intel releases the Celeron processor.
 MySQL is introduced.
 The PureBasic programming language released for AmigaOS.
 The first programming language for a computer, called Plankalkül, developed by Konrad
Zuse between 1943 and 1945, is finally implemented.
 The Triple Data Encryption Algorithm is introduced.
 Bill Gates, is hit in the face with a cream pie.
 Microsoft releases the 6.0 version of Visual Basic.
 Intel introduces the Socket 370 socket.
 Blender begins being developed by NeoGeo and Not a Number Technologies.
 The Erlang functional programming language becomes open source.
 The ActionScript programming language is introduced.
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57.  Microsoft releases Internet Explorer 5.0 in March 18, 1999.
 VMware released it's first software program, called VMware
Workstation in May 1999.
 The Intel Pentium III 550 MHz is released on May 17, 1999.
 AMD introduced the Athlon processor series on June 23, 1999. The
Athlon would be produced for the next 6 years in speeds ranging from
500 MHz up to 2.33 GHz.
 Apple introduces the Apple Airport and iBook on July 21, 1999.
 The Intel Pentium III 600 MHz is released on August 2, 1999.
 AMD introduces the AMD Athlon processors and Socket 462 socket
August 9, 1999.
 NVIDIA introduces the GPU and GeForce on August 31, 1999.
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58.  GNU Privacy Guard is released September 7, 1999.
 The Intel Pentium III 533B and 600B MHz is released on September 27,
1999.
 The Intel Pentium III Coppermine series is first introduced on October
25, 1999.
 Microsoft introduces the IntelliMouse Explorer an optical computer
mouse and the IntelliEye Technology April 19, 1999.
 Microsoft releases Windows CE 3.0.
 AMD releases the Slot A processor and slot.
 Microsoft introduces WMV with WMV 7.
 The FlexATX motherboard form factor specification is introduced
by Intel.
 IBM introduces the first Microdrive, the world's physically smallest hard
drive capable of storing 170MB.
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59.  Microsoft introduces C# to the public in June 2000.
 Adobe Photoshop 6.0 is released in September of 2000.
 Intel introduces the short lived Socket 423 in November of
2000.
 Microsoft release DirectX 8, November 9, 2000.
 The Intel Pentium 4 central processing unit architecture
(codenamed "Willamette") is released on November 20,
2000.
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60.  Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.
 Perl 5.6 is released March 22, 2000.
 Microsoft Pocket PC 2000 is introduced April 19, 2000.
 First camera phone introduced
 Computers
 Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-
Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with
integrated camera
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