Presentation on immunology

1. Immunology: The Basics
Mahuya Sengupta
Associate Professor
Department of Biotechnology,
Assam University, Silchar

2. Wood engraving of Louis Pasteur watching Joseph Meister receive the
rabies vaccine. [Source: From Harper’s Weekly 29:836; courtesy of the
National Library of Medicine.]
28-09-2022 2

3. Nobel Prizes for immunologic research
28-09-2022 3

4. Virus: Rotavirus Fungus: Candida albicans Parasite: Filaria
Bacterium:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pathogens representing the major categories of microorganisms causing human disease.
(a) Viruses: Transmission electron micrograph of rotavirus, a major cause of infant diarrhea.
Rotavirus accounts for approximately 1 million infant deaths per year in developing countries
and hospitalization of about 50,000 infants per year in the United States. (b) Fungi: Candida
albicans, a yeast inhabiting human mouth, throat, intestines, and genitourinary tract; C.
albicans commonly causes an oral rash (thrush) or vaginitis in immunosuppressed individuals or
in those taking antibiotics that kill normal bacterial flora. (c) Parasites: The larval form of filaria,
a parasitic worm, being attacked by macrophages. Approximately 120 million persons
worldwide have some form of filariasis. (d) Bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the
bacterium that causes tuberculosis, being ingested by a human macrophage.
[(a) Dr. Gary Gaugler/Getty Images; (b) SPL/Photo Researchers; (c) Oliver Meckes/Nicole Ottawa/Eye of Science/
Photo Researchers; (d) Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology/Dr. Volker Brinkmann.]
PATHOGENS
28-09-2022 4

5. Major groups of
human pathogens
Specific examples Disease
Viruses Poliovirus Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Variola Virus Smallpox
Human Immunodefi ciency Virus AIDS
Rubeola Virus Measles
Fungi Candida albicans Candidiasis (Thrush)
Tinea corporis Ringworm
Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcal meningitis
Parasites Plasmodium species Malaria
Leishmania major Leishmaniasis
Entamoeba histolytica Amoebic colitis
Bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Bordetella pertussis Whooping cough (pertussis)
Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease
28-09-2022 5

6. HEMATOPOIESIS
28-09-2022 6

7. 28-09-2022 7

8. Generation of diversity and clonal selection and expansion
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Immunologic
memory
28-09-2022 8

9. 28-09-2022 9

10. INFLAMMATION
Lymphocyte trafficking
28-09-2022 10

11. Antigen processing and presentation
28-09-2022 11

12. 28-09-2022 12

13. 28-09-2022 13

14. 28-09-2022 14

15. 28-09-2022 15

16. 28-09-2022 16

17. 28-09-2022 17

18. 28-09-2022 18

19. 28-09-2022 19

20. 28-09-2022 20

21. 28-09-2022 21

22. 28-09-2022 22

23. 28-09-2022 23

24. 28-09-2022 24

25. 28-09-2022 25

26. 28-09-2022 26

27. 28-09-2022 27

28. 28-09-2022 28

29. 28-09-2022 29

30. B-cell and T-cell: Activation and Maturation
28-09-2022 30

31. 28-09-2022 31

32. 28-09-2022 32

33. 28-09-2022 33

34. 28-09-2022 34

35. 28-09-2022 35

36. Type-I reaction: allergy
Type-II: Erythroblastosis fetalis
28-09-2022 36

37. Type-III: Arthus reaction
Type- IV: DTH
28-09-2022 37

38. 28-09-2022 38

39. Other aspects of Immunology
• Vaccines
• Clinical Immunology
• Response to infectious diseases
• AIDS and other immuno-deficiencies
• Cancer Immunology
• Immunological Tolerance
• Immunological Techniques
• Transplantation Immunology
• Immunotoxicology
28-09-2022 39

40. 28-09-2022 40