Rice crop insects damage and identification A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan

2. RICE CROP INSECTS
A PRESENTATION TO IPM
COURSE/FFS PARTICIPANTS
BY
MR. ALLAH DAD KHAN
PROVINCIAL COORDINATOR IPM
KPK FOR MINFAL PAKISTAN

14. White backed plant hopper: Sogatella furcifera
 Suck the sap and cause
stunted growth
 “Hopper burn” is caused in
irregular patches
 Ovipositional marks
exposing the plant to
fungal and bacterial
infections
 Ragged stunt or grassy
stunt virus disease plant
may be observed
Symptom of damage:
Complete desapped plant

15. White backed plant hopper: Sogatella furcifera
 Egg: Cylindrical eggs are laid in groups when the
rice plant is small but in the upper part of the rice
plant when the plant is large. (They are laid with
the micropylar end protruding from the tissue, the
operculum is long and narrow. The eggs in a
group are not sealed together by the material
secreted by female.)
 Nymph: White to a strongly mottled dark grey or
black and white in colour and 0.6 mm size when
young. Fifth instar nymph with a narrow head and
white or creamy white body. Dorsal surface of the
thorax and abdomen marked with various
amounts of grey and white markings.
 Adult: The adult hopper is 3.5-4.0 mm long. The
forewings are uniformly hyaline with dark veins.
There is a prominent white band between the
junctures of the wings. Macropterous males and
females and brachypterousfemales are
commonly found in the field.
Identification of insect pest:
Nymph and Adult

16. Thrips: Stenchaetothrips biformis
 Symptoms of damage:
 Leaf shows discoloration and
rolling
 Yellow (or) silvery streaks on
the leaves of young seedlings
 Terminal rolling and drying of
leaves from tip to base
 It causes damage both in
nursery and main field
 Leaf tips wither off when
severely infested
 Unfilled grains at panicle
stage
Damage of Thrips in Nursery

17. Thrips: Stenchaetothrips biformis
 Egg: Freshly laid egg is hyaline and turns pale
yellow when about to mature. The egg is very tiny
and measures 0.25 mm long.
 Larva: Neonate larvae are transparent and
towards the second molting, they turn to pale
yellow. The legs, head, and antennae of the
second instar larvae are slightly darker than those
of the first instar larvae
 Pupa: The pupa has long wing pads that reach
two-thirds the length of the abdomen. It also has
four pointed processes on the ninth abdominal
tergite. The pre-pupa is brown. Four pointed
processes are present on the hind margin of the
ninth abdominal tergite.
 Adult: The adult has a slender body. It is dark
brown and 1-2 mm long. It exists in two forms,
winged or wingless. The winged form has two
pairs of elongated narrow wings that are fringed
with long hairs.
Identification of insect pest:
Nymph and Adult

18. Green leafhopper: Nephotettix virescens
 Yellowing of leaves from tip
to downwards
 Vector for the
diseases viz., Rice tungro
virus, rice yellow &
transitory yellowing cause
direct damage to the rice
plant
 Retarded vigorous and
stunted growth
 Drying up of plant due to
sucking up of the leaf
Symptom of damage:
Yellowing

19. Green leafhopper: Nephotettix virescens
 Eggs: Greenish transparent eggs are
deposited in the midrib of leaf blade
or sheath of rice or green grass.
They are laid in batches of 10 to 15
arranged in a single row
 Nymph: The nymphs are soft
bodied, yellow white in colour.
Gradually the colour changes to
green.
 Adult: Adults are 3-5 mm long, bright
green with variable black markings,
wedge shaped with a characteristic
diagonal movement. Male insect has
a black spot in middle of the
forewings that is absent in females.
The insect is active during July to
September.
Identification of insect pest:
Adult

20. Rice case worm: Nymphula depunctalis

 Caterpillars feed on green
tissues of the leaves and
leave become whitish
papery
 Tubular cases around the
tillers by cutting the apical
portion of leaves
 Floating of tubular cases
on the water
 Cutting off leaf tips to
make leaf cases
Symptom of damage: White scrapings on leaf due to
feeding

21. Rice case worm: Nymphula depunctalis
 Egg: Individual egg is circular, flattened,
and measures 0.5 mm in diameter. It is
light yellow and has a smooth surface.
Mature eggs are darker and develop two
purplish dots.
 Larva: Pale translucent green with orange
head. It has filamentous gills on the sides
of the body. The larvae are found hanging
from the leaf and measures upto 15mm
long.
 Pupa: The pupa is cream in color and
about 5.5 mm long. Mature pupa is silvery
white.
 Adult: Moth is small, delicate white with
pale brown wavy markings. The adult moth
is about 5 mm long. It is bright white with
light brown and black spots.
Identification of insect pest:

22. Rice case worm: Nymphula depunctalis
Adult
Hydrophilid beetle preys
caseworm larva

23. Paddy stemborer: Scirpophaga incertulas
 Presence of brown coloured
egg mass near leaf tip
 Caterpillar bore into central
shoot of paddy seedling and
tiller, causes drying of the
central shoot known
as “dead heart”
 Grown up plant whole panicle
becomes dried “white ear”
 Plants could be easily pulled
by hand

Symptom of damage:

24. Paddy stemborer: Scirpophaga incertulas
 Egg: are creamy white, flattened,
oval and scale like and laid in
mass and covered with buff
coloured hairs
 Larva: pale yellow with dark
brown head
 Pupa: White silken cocoon are
found inside the stem
 Adult:
 Female moth: bright yellowish
brown fore wings with a black
spot possess a tuft of yellow
hairs
Male moth: Smaller with pale
yellow forewings without black
spot
Identification of insect pest:

25. Chilo polichrysus
Larva Adult

26. Chilo suppressalis
Larva Adult

27. Scirpophaga incertulas
Larva Adult

28. Sesamia inference
Larva Adult

29. Swarming
caterpillar: Spodoptera
mauritiaSymptom
 Larvae cut the
seedlings in large
scale
 Cattle grazed
appearance is found
at severely infested
fields
 They feed
gregariously and
march from field to
Symptoms of damage:

30. Swarming caterpillar: Spodoptera
mauritiaSymptom
 :
 Egg: eggs are spherical and creamy in
colour, which are laid in a group covered
over with grey hairs
 Larva: caterpillars are light green with
yellowish white lateral and dorsal stripes in
the early stages and later become dark
brown or grayish green in colour with a
crescent (semi-circular) shaped black spot
on the side of each segment
 Pupa: pupates in an earthen cocoon in
soil. Pupa is dark brown and measures 16-
17 mm long.
 Adult: moth is medium sized, stout built
dark brown with a conspicuous triangular
black spot on the forewings. Hind wings
are brownish white with thin black margins.
Identification of insect pest

31. Swarming caterpillar: Spodoptera
mauritiaSymptom
 Egg: eggs are spherical and creamy in
colour, which are laid in a group covered
over with grey hairs
 Larva: caterpillars are light green with
yellowish white lateral and dorsal stripes in
the early stages and later become dark
brown or grayish green in colour with a
crescent (semi-circular) shaped black spot
on the side of each segment
 Pupa: pupates in an earthen cocoon in
soil. Pupa is dark brown and measures 16-
17 mm long.
 Adult: moth is medium sized, stout built
dark brown with a conspicuous triangular
black spot on the forewings. Hind wings
are brownish white with thin black margins.
Identification of insect pest:

32. Swarming caterpillar: Spodoptera
mauritiaSymptom
pupa Adult

33. Gall midge: Orseolia oryzae
 Maggot feeds at the
base of the growing
shoot
 Causing formation of
a tube like gall that is
similar to “onion leaf”
or “Silver-shoot”.
 Infested tillers
produce no panicles.
Symptom of Damage
Tube Gall

34. Gall midge: Orseolia oryzae
 Egg: The fly lays elongate,
cylindrical, shinning white or red or
pinkish eggs singly or in clusters (2-
6) at the base of the leaves.
 Larva: Maggot is 1 mm long after
hatching with pointed anterior end. It
creeps down the sheath and enters
the growing bud. An oval chamber is
formed round the site of feeding.
 Pupa: At the time of emergence the
pupa wriggles up the tube with the
help of antennal horn to the tip of the
silver shoot and projects half way
out.Adult: fly is yellowish brown and
mosquito like. The male is ash grey
in colour. Adults feed on dewdrops.
Identification of insect pest:

35. Rice skipper: Pelopidas mathias
 Edges of the leaves
are fastened with
webbing
 Backward rolling of
leaves
 Caterpillar feeds
from margin to
inwards
Symptom of damage: Floating of tubular cases
around the tillers

36. Rice skipper: Pelopidas mathias
 Eggs: are white or pale yellow and spherical.
They are pearl-like in appearance.
 Larva: The larval bodies of both species are
green. They differ in the coloration on the head.
One larva has reddish vertical bands at each
lateral side of the head and the other one has
brown bands that are closer together and W-
shaped. The mature caterpillar measures 50 mm
long.
 Pupa: The pupae of both species are light brown
or light green. They have pointed ends.
 Adult: The adults of the two species are light
brown with orange markings and white spots on
the wings. They can be distinguished by the
pattern of white spots on the wings. One adult has
seven C-shaped white spots on the front wing and
four white spots on the hind wing. The other one
has four small spherical white spots and two
elongated spots on the front wing and the hind
wing lacks spots
Identification of insect pest:
Larva and adult

37. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller: Cnaphalocrocis
mainsails / Marasmia patnalis
 Leaves fold
longitudinally and
larvae remains inside
 Larva scrapes the
green tissues of the
leaves, becomes
white and dry
 During severe
infestation the whole
field exhibits scorched
appearance
Symptom of damage:
White and dried Leaves

38. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller: Cnaphalocrocis
mainsails / Marasmia patnalis
 Egg: Flat, oval in shape
and yellowish white in
colour
 Larva: Greenish
translucent
 Adult: Moth is
brownish with many
dark wavy lines in
centre and dark band
on margin of wings.

Identification of insect pest:

39. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller: Cnaphalocrocis
mainsails / Marasmia patnalis

40. Rice horned caterpillar: Melanitis ismene
 Larva feeds on leaf
blades of rice.
 Leaves are
defoliated from the
margin or tip
irregularly
Symptom of damage:

41. Rice horned caterpillar: Melanitis ismene
l ad

42. Yellow hairy caterpillar: Psalis pennatula
 Caterpillar causes
defoliation
Symptoms of damage:

43. Yellow hairy caterpillar: Psalis pennatula
 Egg: yellow coloured
pubescent eggs are found
in groups on leaf surface
 Larva: caterpillar is
yellowish brown with red
stripes. Orange head and
tufts of hairs all over the
body.
 Pupa: pale white cocoon
of silk and frass attached
to the leaf
 Adult: moth is stout with
straw coloured forewings
Identification of insect pest:

44. Yellow hairy caterpillar: Psalis pennatula
Caterpillar Adult

45. Grasshopper: Hieroglyphus banian
Short horned grasshopper: Oxya nitidula
 Irregular feeding on
seedlings and leaf
blade
 Cutting of stem at
panicle stage
 Completely defoliate
the plants leaving
only the mid ribs
Symptoms of damage:

46. Grasshopper: Hieroglyphus banian
Short horned grasshopper: Oxya nitidula
 Eggs: 30-40
yellowish eggs are
laid in groups and
covered with gummy
like substance
 Nymph: Nymphs
feed on grasses and
paddy
 Adults:
Identification of insect pest :
Grass Hopper

47. Spiny beetle: Rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera
 Tunneling through leaf tissue
causing irregular translucent
white patches that are parallel to
the leaf veins
 Adults feed on chlorophyll by
scraping and causing white
parallel streaks
 Grubs mine into the leaves and
make blister near leaf tips.
 Damaged leaves fall down
 At server infestation, field looks
like burnt appearance.
Symptoms of damage:

48. Spiny beetle: Rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera
 Egg: Eggs are laid inside
minute slits on the tender
leaves generally toward the
tip
 Larva: The grub is whitish
yellow and flattened. It feeds
inside the leaf tissue by
mining. It pupates inside
 Adult: The adult beetle is
somewhat square shaped
about 1/6 to 1/8” in length and
width. Dark blue or blackish in
colour with spines all over the
body.
Identification of insect pest:

49. Spiny beetle: Rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera
L Ad

50. Whorl maggot: Hydrellia sasakii
 Maggot feeds on the
tender tissue inside the
whorl
 Yellowish white longitudinal
marginal blotching with
hole
 Leaves shrivelled plant
stunted and maturity
delayed
 Drooping of young leaves
near the tip
Symptom of damage:

51. Whorl maggot: Hydrellia sasakii
 Egg: White, cigar shaped egg laid singly
on either side of the leaves
 Grub: Newly hatched larva is transparent
to very light cream in colour but later
become yellow. The larvae move down the
leaf into the whorl on a film of dew and
feed within developing whorls. The larvae
mostly remain outside the leaves and feed
on the mesophyll tissue of the foliage.
When leaves emerge from the whorl
damage can be seen as pinholes in the
leaves and white and yellowish lesions on
the leaf edge.
 Pupa: Pupation takes place in between
the leaf sheath where the pupa is loosely
attached to the stem. The puparium is light
to dark brown ovoid and sub-cylindrical in
shape.
 Adult: Adult dark grey flies, 1.8-2.3 mm in
size

Identification of the pest:
Adult Pupa Larva

52. Mealybug: Brevennia rehi
 Large number of
insects remains in leaf
sheath and suck the
sap.
 Plants become week,
yellowish and very
much stunted in circular
patches.
 Presence of white waxy
fluff in leaf sheaths
Symptom of damage: Symptom of Mealybug
Infestation

53. Mealybug: Brevennia rehi
 Egg: The female lays numerous yellowish
white eggs/ simply deposits nymphs in
outer leaf sheaths.
 Nymph: The newly hatched nymphs
crowded within the waxy threads for 6-10 h
before they disperse to various parts of the
same plant. The pale yellowish nymph is
active and crawls about the plant for a
while and settled itself on the plant/ stem
and turns dark yellow after a day. Body
gets covered with waxy material on second
day.
 Adult: Nymphs and adults being wingless
look alike. Females are reddish, oval, soft-
bodied living in colonies inside the leaf
sheath. Males are small, slender, pale-
yellow, having single pair of wings and a
style like process at the end of the
abdomen but lack mouthparts. Males are
seldom found in the colonies, so it
reproduces parthenogenetically.
Identification of insect pest:
Mealy bugs

54. Rice earhead bug: Leptocorisa acuta
 Sucking the sap from
individual grains, which
are in milky stage.
 Individual grains
become chaffy
 Black spots on the
grains at the site of
feeding puncture.
 Buggy odour in rice
field during milky stage
Symptoms of damage:

55. Rice earhead bug: Leptocorisa acuta
 Egg: Are circular, brownish
seed like 2mm long laid in
clusters in two rows along the
midrib on the upper surface of
the leaf blade
 Nymph: First instar is small,
2mm long, pale green in
colour which grows to deepen
green through different instars
 Adult: Adults are greenish
yellow, long and slender,
above ½ inch in length with a
characteristics buggy odour
Identification of insect pest: