Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Investigatting The Effect of Intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochoromatic and Polychomatic) on algal metabolism and the models
Similar to Investigatting The Effect of Intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochoromatic and Polychomatic) on algal metabolism and the models (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Investigatting The Effect of Intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochoromatic and Polychomatic) on algal metabolism and the models
- 1. Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic)on algalmetabolism andits models 13 Nov.2017
- 2. MSc. Student of Chemical Engineering - BioTechnology Slide Background : Chlorella Species SEM photo 50 µm
- 3. microalgae cultures varies depending on a number of environmental factors When the temperature lower than 4 °C the photosynthesis of microalgae was completely inhibited When the temperature between 4°C to 11°C photosynthesis is substantially inhibited After 11°C the relationship between temperature and growth of microalgae is linear Macro Nutrient e.g. Nitrogen & phosphorus Micro Nutrient e.g. Cl , Mg Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017 Shading is a problem in growth of microalgae
- 4. 24201612840Darkness 04812162024Light Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 5. The photosynthetic is a progress for green plant using light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to organic compound (typically glucose), while releases oxygen gas There are two phases First stage: photoreaction Second: Dark reaction Sunlight ATP & NADPH CarbohydrateATP & NADPH & CO2 𝟐𝑯 𝟐 𝑶 → 𝟒𝒆− + 𝟒𝑯+ + 𝑶 𝟐 𝟒𝒆− → 𝑵𝑨𝑫𝑷𝑯 + 𝑨𝑻𝑷 Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 6. Photons at longer wavelengths do not carry enough energy to allow photosynthesis to take place. Photons at shorter wavelengths tend to be so energetic that they can be damaging to cells and tissues PAR is the amount of light available for photosynthesis, which is light in the 400 to 700 nanometer wavelength range Depending on Season latitude and time of day Why is Photosynthetically Active Radiation Important? Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 7. Light Compensation Point ∎It is well known that in green plants respiration occurs continuously for 24 hours while photosynthesis occurs only during the day when light is available ∎Photosynthesis is a faster process than respiration ∎Rate of photosynthesis is higher at about noon when light intensity is higher and is slower during morning or evening when light intensity is low when the rate of photosynthesis will be as low as to equal the rate of respiration. Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 8. According to the discussion above … • while the growth rate of microalgae decreasing because the respiration processes of microalgae will produce more carbon dioxide. • In microalgae growth, long dark reaction period will lead biomass loss • light energy cannot be stored by microalgae so the light should be supplied sustainably • The microalgae cannot use all the supplied light Because microalgae cannot absorb all the photons, and too much light will cause light inhibition for the surface layer of microalgae • Monochromatic & Polychromatic Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017 Saturated light intensity decreases and the growth rate increases with the increasing of spectrum absorption coefficient
- 9. Green Algae Green–Blue Cyanobacteria Seven light intensities (20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60 and 80 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1) • Temperature: 25–30ºC Optimum 25.5 • Growth rate: Red Algae Sargassum horneri | Undaria species | Nitzschia species Light: Temperature: 15–25ºC Optimum 22 Irradiance: 20 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1Maximum irradiance (water surface) 200 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1 Growth rate 4.6% 𝑑−1 at 1 meter water depth. Brown Algae 9 species Light: Temperature: 27–31ºC Optimum 25.5 Irradiance: 20–200μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1 Maximum irradiance 100 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1 L/D 10:14 or 12:12 Phytoplanktons Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017 9 Species e.g. Skeletonema costatum Light: > > > > Temperature: 25–30ºC Optimum 25.5 Irradiance: 30 - 700 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1 Maximum irradiance 930 μ𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑚−2. 𝑠−1 Microcystis aeruginosa | Synechocystis Specie Light:
- 10. Chlorella Species ∎ Chlorella species are single cell green algae ∎ Contains photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b ∎ Temperatures between 10 ºC and 35 ºC - The optimum temperature is 25 ºC ∎ Chlorella species R-06/2 44 ºC to 51 ºC 16 klx ∎ Various light intensities 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 µmol m-2 S-1 Chlorella Sorokiniana Chlorella Vulgaris Chlorella Sp. Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 11. National Institute of Technology Durgapur, IndiaG.Halder et al.2017 Light: ● Light source: cool-white fluorescent /15 Days light intensities: 0, 15, 35, 80, 100, and 150 µmol m-2 S-1 Photoperiods: 24L, 12L: 12D, 16L: 8D, 8L: 16D, 24D Aim of Research: Light Intensity on the Growth + Urea Result: Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 isolated from coalfield Optimum Light Intensity is 100 µmol m-2 S-1 Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 12. blue light performed better (higher growth rate and biomass productivity) at longer growth periods (10–14 days) compared to clear, red and green light wavelengths Mississippi State University, USAV. G.Gude et al.2015 Light: ●●●● Aim of Research: Light Effect on Growth rate + Temprature Result: • it can be noticed that the algae growth rate for blue light has overtaken the algae growth rate for clear light (after 10 days) Swedish Uni.Of Agr.Science, SwedenM. Hultberg et al.2014 Light: ●●●●●● Aim of Research: Light Effect on Growth rate Result: • Until 8 Days : Yellow / White / Red / Purple / Blue / Green • After 8 Days: Purple / Blue / White Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 13. King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, ThailandW. Choochote et al.2010 Light: ● Light source / Period: cool-white fluorescent / 8 Days light intensities: 3000, 4000 and 5000 lux Aim of Research: Light Intensity on the Growth + aeration rate and agitation speed Result: • Chlorella sp. E1708 , Chlorella sp. A0505, Chlorella sp. D1708 • Cells grown Under saturated light conditions accumulate carbohydrates and triacylglycerol and storage materials Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 14. • 2013-2017 Sorokiniana: 2 Sp.: 3 Vulgaris: 8 Article: Influence of carbon sources and light intensity on biomass and lipid production of Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 isolated from coalfield under various nutritional modes. Light: ● Article: The effects of various LED (light emitting diode) lighting strategies on simultaneous biogas upgrading and biogas slurry nutrient reduction by using of microalgae Chlorella sp. Light: ●●●● Article: Biofilm formation by Chlorella vulgaris is affected by light quality Light: ●●●●●● Article: Impact of light quality on biomass production and fatty acid content in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris Light: ●●●●●● Latest Research Review years since ago Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 15. Investigating the effect of intensity and Spectrum of light (Monochromatic and Polychromatic) on algal metabolism and its models , FUM , Nov 2017
- 16. You can find me at
Editor's Notes
- Microalgae Growth Factor Nutrient: Macro: Nitrogen Micro: به مقدار خیلی جزئی برای محیط کشت لازم است Character of Light: Temperature: With the light intensity changing, temperature is an environmental factor which indirectly affects growth of microalgae Optimum Temp 20-30 pH and salinity: The pH value will also affect the growth rate of microalgae, it will be easier for microalgae to capture CO2 in the atmosphere when the growing condition is alkaline, which can produce more biomass With the increase of pH, CO2 into water transferred into HCO3 - which is the mainly existing formation of carbon in weak alkaline. And this also can be used by microalgae majorly. But according to Liu’s study, the content of chlorophyll of microalgae will decrease when the pH value goes from 8.5 to 9.5 (Liu et al., 2005). Microalgae has its own system to adjust salinity range. Generally, seawater microalgae can tolerate higher salinity rather than fresh water microalgae (Zhu et al., 2003). Studies showed that microalgae has its own optimal growth salinity, when salinity higher or lower than this will be harmful to algal growing rate. For example, when in the low salinity growing condition, it will be helpful for algal growth with the addition of NaCl and NaSO4 but when the salinity higher than 6g/L, the growth rate of microalgae will be prohibited (Liu et al., 2006) Mixing: Shading is a problem in growth of microalgae, it will prohibit microalgae to absorb light effectively, and it will affect biomass production. In general, microalgae grow well in lake or stream because of the dynamics of water (Wang, 2006). When design the PBRs for microalgae, dynamic is also important. Gas mixing can be treat as water dynamic for growth of microalgae. Gas mixing in the PBRs can promote every microalgae cell to obtain equal light source and nutrient
- visible light is the main source of energy since the chlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids in microalgae can be absorbed in the visible light range
- There are two phases of photosynthetic, the first stage is photoreaction. During this stage, the chlorophyll in green plants can produce electronic in order to convert the light energy of sunlight into electrical energy. The electrons will be transported though thylakoid membrane, while transfer the proton from chloroplast stroma to thylakoid lumen, to build electrochemical proton gradient for ATP synthesis. The last step of photoreaction is electrons accepted by NADP+, it will be reduced to NADPH. In photoreaction, water can be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen, oxygen is released out of absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules is also further converted to chemical energy, and these chemical energy can be stored in the adenosine triphosphate. The chemical equation of photoreaction can be summarized as below: The second stage of photosynthetic is dark reaction, it is a cycle that continuous consumption of ATP and NADPH and CO2 fixation reaction while produce glucose, also known as the “Calvin cycle”. Because of Calvin observed the process how CO2 converted into organic using “C” labeled CO2. In the dark reaction phase, hydrogen reduction cannot directly reduce the carbon dioxide which is absorbed through the stoma by the green plants from the air. It must first combine with the C5 (a five-carbon compound, ribulose diphosphate) in the plant, this process is called the fixation of carbon dioxide. After a carbon dioxide molecule is fixed by a C5 molecule, two C3 (a three-carbon compound, 12 glyceraldehyde 3 - phosphate) molecule will be formed. With enzyme catalysis, C3 molecule will receive energy which is released by ATP hydrogen reduction. Subsequently, a number of reduced C3 will form carbohydrate; the rest C3 will change back to C5 again, so that the dark reaction stage preceded continuously, named carbon-fixation reaction. Carbon fixation reaction began in the chloroplast stoma, finished in the cytoplasmic matrix. In this dark stage, the reactions ATP and NADPH which are produced in photoreaction as energy, and also fix CO2 to transform them into glucose , the process does not require light that the reason why it is called dark reaction. The chemical equation of dark reaction can be summarized as below: CO2 + C5→ 2C3 C3+ [H] →（ CH2O） + C5 The dark reaction time will be influenced with shortage of light, because of the lack of ATP which generated in photoreaction. But not the carbon procedure will not stop immediately when the light disappear because the residual ATP part will continue to provide the conditions for the carbon reaction. Carbon reaction will stop if the situation of light shortage period is a long time (Carvalho et al., 2011).
- تابش فعال فتوسنتزی، اغلب به اختصار PAR، محدوده طیفی (موج موج) تابش خورشید را از 400 تا 700 نانومتر تعیین می کند که موجودات فتوسنتز قادر به استفاده در فرآیند فتوسنتز هستند. این منطقه طیفی بیشتر یا کمتر با محدوده نور قابل مشاهده برای چشم انسان مطابقت دارد. فوتون ها در طول موج های کوتاه تر تمایل دارند که بسیار پر انرژی باشند که بتوانند به سلول ها و بافت ها آسیب برسانند، اما بیشتر آنها توسط لایه اوزون در استراتوسفر فیلتر می شوند. فوتون ها در طول موج های دیگر انرژی کافی برای انتقال فتوسنتز ندارند. Why is Photosynthetically Active Radiation Important? Photosynthetically Active Radiation is needed for photosynthesis and plant growth. Higher PAR promotes plant growth, and monitoring monitoring PAR is important to ensure plants are receiving adequate light for this process. PAR values range from 0 to 3,000 millimoles per square meter. At night, PAR is zero. During mid-day in the summer, PAR often reaches 2,000 to 3,000 millimoles per square meter. latitude PAR available to plants include anything that reduces sunlight, such as cloud cover, shading by trees, and buildings. Air pollution also affects PAR by filtering out the amount of sunlight that can reach plants.
- Light saturation is defined by a saturation constant of light (Figure 2.2), which is the intensity of light where the specific biomass growth rate is 50% of its pick value, μmax. Light saturation constants for growth rate of microalgae tend to be less than the maximum sunlight intensity level which happens in the middle of the day When the light intensity above a certain value, continue increasing in light intensity level will decrease the microalgae growth rate actually (Figure 2.2.). This is called photoinhibition phenomenon. Microalgae become photoinhibited when light intensities a little bit higher than the light intensity at the specific growth rate peaks. Because of excessive light source, photoinhibition phenomenon will cause generally reversible damage to the photosynthetic process (Rubio et al., 2003). Avoiding photoinhibition can help to increase the daily growth rate of microalgae biomass. (Chisti, 2007)