Seminar on Led farming

1. LED Farming

2. PRESENTED BY:
Ms PALAK AGRAWAL
ROLL NO. 02
2ND YEAR
B.Sc HONS. IN FOOD SCIENCE AND
NUTRITION MANAGEMENT

3. What are LEDs?
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) :
A diode that emits visible light
when an electric current passes
through it.
LED LIGHTS USED TO GROW PLANTS LED LIGHTS ARE MORE EFFICIENT

4. When the LED forward
voltage is fed from the anode
(A) to the cathode (K), excess
electrons in the N-type
material will move to excess
hole area (P-type material)
and release photons and
emits monochromatic light.
Working of LEDs
SYMBOL AND POLARITY OF LED
(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) IN ELECTRONIC
CIRCUIT

5. How do LEDs help in farming?
• Increased lifetime.
• Huge energy savings.
• Flexible designs and
many possibilities.
• Less heat, more light.
LED LIGHTS SAVE ENERGY
WAVELENGTH SPECIFICITY (SOURCE-FARM & BUSINESS
PLANNING, MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT JUNE 28,2016)

6. WAVELENGTH SPECIFICITY

7. What type of LEDs are used?
LED light bars like:
• Transcend Lighting
LEDs
• Philips
Green Power LEDs
TRANSCEND LIGHTING LEDs
PHILIPS GREEN POWER LEDs

8. • Intravision Blade
LEDs
• The LumiBar LED
from LumiGrow
INTRAVISION BLADE LEDs
THE LUMIBAR LED

9. What is LED Farming?
Growing plants indoors, in the
presence of LED lights and using
multiple layers to maximize
production.
AEROFARMS GROWS LEAFY GREENS UNDER AN
ARRAY OF LED LIGHTS
GREEN SENSE FARMS, USA

10. HISTORY
R.J. Bula, et al. (1991) at the University of
Wisconsin first suggested using LEDs to grow
plants.

11. Why LED Farming?
• Population increase.
• 80% land for growing
food is already in use.
• LEDs surpass 50%
efficiency.
• Year round production
irrespective of climatic
changes.
80% OF THE EARTH’S AVAILABLE LAND
IS ALREADY FARMED
EMERGENCE OF LED FARMING

12. LED LIGHTING VS. SUNLIGHT
• LED lighting has reduced the heat transferred onto
plants.
• According to urban farming research(2013), the
blue-red spectra is ideal for plant growth instead
of sunlight that has a variety of colour spectra.
LED GROW LIGHTS ARE MORE EFFICIENT THAN SUNLIGHT

13. CONDITIONS

14. •No soil.
•Plants are suspended in
a fabric made from old
pop bottles.
•Hydroponics,Aeroponics,
Aquaponics used.
GROWTH MEDIUM
AERO FARMS, US (WORLD’S LARGEST
AEROPONIC FARM)

15. HYDROPONICS GRAPHIC AEROPONICS GRAPHIC
AQUAPONICS GRAPHIC

16. TEMPERATURE
Ideal temperature zone
is 72-82⁰F/22-28⁰C
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PLANTS

17. OPTIMUM NUTRIENT AND MINERAL
QUALITY
Throughout a crop cycle,
Vertical Farm Systems
provide up to 82 organic
minerals and enzymes to
ensure healthy plant
growth.
ACCEPTANCE LEVELS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENTS

18. CO2 INJECTION
Net photosynthesis
increases by 50% as
CO2 levels increase
from 340–1,000 ppm
(parts per million).

19. AIR FLOW
• In poorly ventilated rooms, the crops menaced by
pests will be increased.
• 4-6 inch fans are adequate.
AEROFARMS GROWS GREENS UNDER INTENSE LED GROW
LIGHTS AND FANS

20. LIGHTING TIME AND HANGING
DISTANCE
• Approximately 12 to
18 hours of light is
required for active
photosynthesis and
healthy growth.
• Hanging distance : 12-
30’’
EFFECT OF LIGHTING TIME AND
HANGING DISTANCE OF LEDs ON PLANTS

21. Plants grown by LED farming
• Basil, microgreens (Bedford Park, Illinois)
• Strawberry (Ichigo Company, Tainai, Niigata,
Japan)
• Medical cannabis (Oakland, California)
• Tomato (Pasona O2, Tokyo)
• Potato (Astroculture, Barneveld, Wisconsin)
• Lettuce (Green Sense Farms, US)

22. Basil, microgreens (Bedford Park, Illinois) Strawberry (Ichigo Company, Tainai, Niigata, Japan)
Medical cannabis (Oakland, California) Tomato (Pasona O2, Tokyo)

23. Potato (Astroculture, Barneveld, Wisconsin)
Lettuce (Green Sense Farms, US)

24. Benefits of LED Farming
BENEFITS
OF
LED FARMING

25. • Reliable harvests
• Low energy usage
• Low water usage
• Reduced processing
• Maximum crop yield
• Wide range of crops
LOW ENERGY USAGE BY LED LIGHTS
MAXIMUM CROP YIELD

26. NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS
According to studies in
National Center for
Biotechnology
Information(2010) :
• Ultraviolet light(380nm)
promotes the build up of
phenolic compounds.

27. NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS
• According to Wageningen UR Greenhouse
Horticulture (2017), tomatoes who received extra
light from LEDs, contained twice the amount of
Vitamin C.
• The University of Florida research team found
that LED lights improved appearance and flavour.
TOMATOES CONTAIN MORE VITAMIN C WHEN GROWN UNDER LEDs

28. •Anthocyanin concentration
increases. (HortScience,
September 2016)
NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS

29. EFFECT ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS
According to studies in National
Center for Biotechnology
Information (2013) :
•LEDs present the maximum PAR
efficiency (80–100%).
•The blue + red combination
allows a higher photosynthetic
activity.
•The chlorophyll (a+b) content
was the highest in the red-blue
light treatment.
EFFECT OF RED AND BLUE
LIGHTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

30. EFFECT ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS
•Photosynthetic rate and
transpiration rate under red
light were the highest, and is
increased by 43.8% and
55.1% respectively.
EFFECT OF RED AND BLUE LIGHTS ON
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

31. DRAWBACKS
OF
LED FARMING

32. • Energy Use (56,000
kilowatt-hours of
electricity/month for
Wisconsin farms)
• Limited Number of Crop
Species.
• Pollination Needs.
• Lightning cost.
RISING ENERGY USE
MORE LIGHTNING COST

33. CONTROVERSY OVER USDA
ORGANIC CERTIFICATION
• It is unclear whether
crops produced by LED
farming can be certified
organic. A certified
organic crop involves an
entire soil ecosystem
and natural system, not
just the lack of pesticides
and herbicides. (NOSB,
2010)

34. Projects in practice
PROJECTS IN
PRACTICE

37. CONCLUSION
The future is bright for those involved with LED
farming. As consumers continue to demand a wider
variety of food crops that are grown locally, without
pesticides, guaranteed safe and available year round,
there will be growers who can meet these needs.

38. ARTICLE 1
Kopsell, D., Morrow, R.C., et.al., ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1134. East Lansing: Wageningen,
2016. HortScience. Web. 14 April. 2017. http://www.actahort.org/books
•AIM- To evaluate the effects of light quality on shoot growth, flower development,
mineral uptake and pigment content of marigold.
•METHOD- Plants were grown in 10-cm2 pots with complete nutrient solution. Plants
received average day temperatures of 25°C and night temperatures of 16°C. The
following light treatments were utilized in this study: 1) Natural sunlight; 2) High-
pressure sodium (HPS) lighting at 100 µmols m-2 s-1 intensity along with natural
sunlight intensity; 3) LED lighting with blue and red wavelengths at 50% each and
intensity at 100 µmols m-2 s-1 along with natural sunlight intensity; and 4) LED lighting
with blue at 25% and red at 75% and intensity at 100 µmols m-2s-1 along with natural
sunlight intensity.
•DISCUSSION- Research has shown that plants are most sensitive to particular
wavelengths of light and absorb the most chlorophyll when exposed to blue and red
lighting colours. Blue spectrum(440-470nm) promotes vegetative growth. Red
spectrum(640-660nm) is most vital for flowering. Hence, plant growth efficiency,
flowering, mineral uptake and pigment content can be improved by using specific
wavelengths.

39. ARTICLE 1
Kopsell, D., Morrow, R.C., et.al., ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1134. East Lansing: Wageningen,
2016. HortScience. Web. 14 April. 2017. http://www.actahort.org/books
•RESULT- Total shoot growth was twice as high in all supplemental light treatments
compared to the natural sunlight treatment. Shoot growth was greater in the 25%
blue/75% red LED treatment than in the HPS light treatment. The 50% blue/50% red
LED treatment was not significantly different from the HPS light treatment. Plants in
the 25% blue/75% red LED treatment had 15% more blooms than plants in the 50%
blue/50% red LED treatment or the HPS light treatment. All supplemental light
treatments produced plants with significantly more blooms than plants in the natural
sunlight. Plants in the LED light treatments had greater petal pigment content than
plants in the natural sunlight treatment.

40. ARTICLE 2
Dueck, T., Labrie, C., et.al., ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1106. Brisbane: Wageningen,
2015. HortScience. Web. 14 April. 2017. http://www.actahort.org/books
•AIM- To investigate the effect of light intensity and duration on Vitamin C concentration in
tomato fruits.
•METHOD- Greenhouse cultivation protocols were developed for growers to tune plant growth
and create products with higher amounts of HRP (Health Related Photochemical). Tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum) greenhouse experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of
light intensity and light quality on HRP during the growing period.
•DISCUSSION -Increasing (HRP) in fruits may create an added value for consumers. Vitamin C
concentration of different tomato cultivars was increased in a model growing system with red
and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), increasing logarithmically with increasing radiation.
Practical cultivation systems can be developed to increase the vitamin C concentration,
enabling growers to give their products an added value.
•RESULT- At moderate light intensities of 140, 200 and 285 µmol m-2 s-1 and a light sum of 10-
30 mol day-1, the vitamin C concentration increased by 65%. The light sum is best applied at
low intensity for a longer period (20 h) than at higher intensities for a shorter period (14 h).
The total amount of antioxidants, estimated as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)
values, also increased.

41. REFERENCE
WEBSITE
1. Casey, Tina. "Meet The New Pink Face Of Vertical LED Farming." Cleantechnica. RSS. 10 June,
2014. Web. 03 April, 2017.
2. Birkby, Jeff. "Vertical Farming." Attra.NCAT. Diane Warthen, HTML Production. Jan, 2016. Web.
02 April, 2017.
JOURNALS
1. Craver, Joshua K., Gerovac, Joshua R., et.al, 'Using light to enhance the nutritional value of
microgreens.' Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 142(1), (2017): 3-12.
2. Kim, Hyeon- Hye., Wheeler, Raymond M., et. al., 'Plant Productivity in Response to LED
Lighting.' HortScience, 43(7), (2008): 1951-1956
3. Darko, Eva., Heydarizadeh, Parisa., et. al., 'Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in
primary and secondary metabolism.' PubMed Centra, 369(1640), (2014): 394-401

42. REFERENCE
BOOKS ONLINE
1. Kopsell, D., Morrow, R.C., et.al., ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1134. East Lansing: Wageningen,
2016. HortScience. Web. 14 April. 2017. http://www.actahort.org/books
2. Dueck, T., Labrie, C., et.al., ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1106. Brisbane: Wageningen, 2015.
HortScience. Web. 14 April. 2017. http://www.actahort.org/books
MAGAZINE ONLINE
1. Leeming, Robert. "LEDs are set to change horticulture by increasing yields." LEDs Magazine.
24 March, 2017. LEDs Magazine. Web. 10 April, 2017