Hello guys my name is Ali And this is my report about Obsessive-Compulsive disorder Supervised by my great professor Engineer Khaldoun

1. Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder (OCD)
▸ Report by : Ali Hamza Swedan
▸ Supervised by : Engineer Khaldoun

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What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that causes
repeated unwanted thoughts or sensations (obsessions) or the urge to
do something over an over again (compulsions). Some people can
have both obsessions and compulsions.
OCD isn’t about habits like biting your nails or thinking negative
thoughts. An obsessive thought might be that certain numbers or
colors are “good” or “bad.” A compulsive habit might be to wash your
hands seven times after touching something that could be dirty.
Although you may not want to think or do these things, you feel
powerless to stop
Everyone has habits or thoughts that repeat sometimes. People with
OCD have thoughts or actions that:
●Take up at least an hour a day
●Are beyond your control
●Aren’t enjoyable
●Interfere with work, your social life, or another part of life

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OCD Types and Symptoms
OCD comes in many forms, but most cases fall into at least one of four general
categories:
■Checking, such as locks, alarm systems, ovens, or light switches, or thinking you
have a medical condition like pregnancy or schizophrenia
■Contamination, a fear of things that might be dirty or a compulsion to clean.
Mental contamination involves feeling like you’ve been treated like dirt.
■Symmetry and ordering, the need to have things lined up in a certain way
■Ruminations and intrusive thoughts, an obsession with a line of thought.
Some of these thoughts might be violent or diatuebing

4. Obsessions and Compulsions
Many people who have OCD know that their thoughts and habits don’t
make sense. They don’t do them because they enjoy them, but because
they can’t quit. And if they stop, they feel so bad that they start again.
Obsessive thoughts can include:
•Worries about yourself or other people getting hurt
•Constant awareness of blinking, breathing, or other body sensations
•Suspicion that a partner is unfaithful, with no reason to believe it
Compulsive habits can include:
•Doing tasks in a specific order every time or a certain “good” number of
times
•Needing to count things, like steps or bottles
•Fear of touching doorknobs, using public toilets, or shaking hands

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OCD Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors aren’t sure why some people have OCD. Stress can
make symptoms worse.
It’s a bit more common in women than in men. Symptoms
often appear in teens or young adults.
OCD risk factors include:
•A parent, sibling, or child with OCD
•Physical differences in certain parts of your brain
•Depression, anxiety, or tics
•Experience with trauma
•A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child
•Sometimes, a child might have OCD after a streptococcal
infection. This is called pediatric autoimmune
neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal
infections, or PANDAS.

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OCD Diagnosis
Your doctor may do a physical exam and blood tests to make
sure something else isn’t causing your symptoms. They will also
talk with you about your feelings, thoughts, and habits.

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OCD Treatment
There’s no cure for OCD. But you may be able to manage
how your symptoms affect your life.
Treatments include:
■Psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help
change your thinking patterns. In a form called exposure
and response prevention, your doctor will put you in a
situation designed to create anxiety or set off compulsions.
You’ll learn to lessen and then stop your OCD thoughts or
actions.
■Relaxation. Simple things like meditation, yoga,
and massage can help with stressful OCD symptoms.
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OCD Treatment
■Medication. Psychiatric drugs called selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors help many people control obsessions and compulsions.
They might take 2 to 4 months to start working. Common ones
include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Proz
ac), fluvoxamine, paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft). If you
still have symptoms, your doctor might give you antipsychotic drugs
like aripiprazole (Abilify) or risperidone (Risperdal).
■Neuromodulation. In rare cases, when therapy and medication
aren’t making enough of a difference, your doctor might talk to you
about devices that change the electrical activity in a certain area of
your brain. One kind, transcranial magnetic stimulation, is FDA-
approved for OCD treatment. It uses magnetic fields to stimulate
nerve cells. A more complicated procedure, deep brain stimulation,
uses electrodes that are implanted in your head.

9. I hope you like it
Thank you💙
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