By: Nada Alturki Fahdah Almousa Sarah Kabbani Sara Alshathry Aljohara Alfaris .

1. Obsessive compulsive disorder
Fahdah Almousa
Sarah Kabbani
sara alshathry
Aljohara Alfaris
Instructor: Dr. Seems Gul

2. Definition
is an anxiety disorder in which time people have recurring,
unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that
make them feel driven to do something repetitively
(compulsions). The repetitive behaviors can significantly
interfere with a person’s daily activities and social
interactions.
Even if they know their obsessions are not true, people
with OCD have a hard time keeping their focus off the
obsessions or stopping the compulsive actions.

3. Compulsions are repetitive
behaviors or mental acts that a
person feels driven to perform in
response to an obsession. The
behaviors are aimed at preventing
or reducing distress or a feared
situation.
examples of compulsions
Obsessions compulsions
Obsessions are recurrent and
persistent thoughts, or images that
cause distressing emotions such as
anxiety or disgust. Many people
with OCD recognize that the
thoughts are product of their mind .
Typical obsessions
the need for symmetry or exactness, or
forbidden religious thoughts
Cleaning
Repeating
Checking

4. Symptoms:
•They include both obsessive and
compulsive behaviors.

5. Symptoms of Obsession:
• Repeated unwanted ideas.
• Fear of contamination.
• Aggressive impulses.
• Images of hurting someone you love.
• Thoughts that you might cause others harm.
• Thoughts that you might be harmed.

6. Symptoms of Compulsion
• Constant checking.
• Constant counting.
• The repeated cleaning of one or more items.
• Repeatedly washing your hands.
• Constantly checking the stove or door locks.
• Arranging items to face a certain way.

7. Emotional and Physical Symptoms:
• OCD sufferers usually suffer from anxiety and are very
emotional. They often suffer from disorders that are not
related to OCD such as depression, extreme tension, and
excessive worry.
• Aside from the obvious emotional symptoms, OCD
patients don’t have specific physical symptoms. They
could only develop physical symptoms that are related to
their own type of OCD, such as redness of skin or rash
caused by overly washing the hands.

8. Types:
•Intrusive Thoughts
•Constant Checking
•Fear of Contamination
•Hoarding

9. Intrusive Thoughts
• Patients with OCD who suffer from intrusive thoughts
have displeasing reoccurring images of some particular
event that may have happened earlier in their life, or
they could happen for no particular reason.

10. Constant Checking
• Patients with OCD who constantly check on people or
items have the fear that something horrible might
happen if they stop checking.
• For Example: They feel the need to check several times
if their door is locked afraid someone might break in.

11. Fear of Contamination
• Patients with OCD who are horrified by the idea of
being contaminated by anything dirty. They feel the
need to stay clear of anything that might contaminate
them by taking multiple baths a day and/or washing
their hands excessively by the hour which would lead
to skin problems and leave scars.

12. Hoarding
• Patients with OCD who hoard often feel attached to
items even if they are worn out or useless, and they
cannot give them up or they will be in a great deal of
distress.
• For Example: They cannot throw items after owning
them.

13. There are several ways to treat OCD some more
severe than others.
• The most effective way to treat OCD is by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or
medication.
• The most the most effective way of applying CBT is by Exposure and Response
Prevention
• ERP is when the patient is exposed to things that stimulate their OCD and are
trained to refrain from acting the way they do.
• Popular medications include:
• Clomipramine (Anafranil)
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
• These two methods must be done/ prescribed by a licensed mental health
professional
Treatments

14. More intensive options if ERP does not work:
• Traditional Outpatient: this is where the OCD patient sees a therapist 1-2
times a week for a minimum session of 45 minutes.
• Intensive Outpatient: the patient sits through group or individual therapy
more than twice a week.
• Partial Hospitalization: The patient attends the treatment as a mental
health patient during the day only, up to 5 days a week.
• Residential: Where the patient attends full time treatment in an unlocked
unit vountarily and may leave at any time
• Inpatient: The patient attends treatments full time in a locked unit due to
the severity of their case. May be voluntary or involuntary.

15. Other options for treatment:
• Group format/ group therapy
• Videoconferencing/ teletherapy
• Support groups
• Acceptance and commitment therapy
• If the case is extremely severe, the patient may undergo one of the
following treatements:
• Brain surgery
• Gamma knife
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

16. Cause of OCD in children
• OCD that begins in childhood is more common in boys
than girls, with the usual time of onset of OCD later for
females than males; the disorder is equally common
among adult men and women. OCD might be triggered
by a combination of genetic, neurological, behavioral,
cognitive, and environmental factors.

17. RATIO OF OCD
• Millions of people are affected by OCD. Current
estimates are that approximately 1 in 40 adults in the
U.S. (about 2.3% of the population) and 1 in 100
children have this condition.
• This rate is considerably higher compared to the Indian
(Asian side of the world).[1] The study found lifetime
prevalence of 0.6%.

18. Case
• X was a 27 year old women that was diagnosed with OCD due to her
excessively checking everything. The habit started at a young age
when she use to check her school assignments to make sure they are
perfect with no mistakes and extremely neat looking. As she grew, the
checking rituals became a barrier, she could not submit her
assignments on time due to the hours she spends checking her
assignment. When she reached college, her habits affected her
health. Because of the time the assignments with the checking rituals
took, Sarah neglected her health and social life which caused her to
drop out of college.

19. Diagnosis and Treatment
• After dropping out, X’s parents took her to a therapist who
diagnosed her with depression and started her on a standard
dosage of serotonin reuptake inhibitor, however that did not
help. She later on was put on different types of serotonin
reuptake inhibitors, however none helped since none of them
were meant for OCD. When she sought a different opinion, she
was diagnosed with OCD, and was given the proper serotonin
reuptake inhibitor and treatment for OCD. With the proper
medication, she was able to gradually reduce her rituals and live
a normal life.

20. The OCD Cycle
• At first, Sarah was obsessed with
making sure she checks everything,
then her obsession turned into
anxiety if she was not able to check
everything. To reduce her anxiety,
Sarah was compelled to spend extra
time checking which lead to her
spending extra times and losing her
life in the process. When she was able
to check everything, she would feel
relief.

21. Reference:
• https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ocd/what-is-
obsessive-compulsive-disorder
• https://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/obssessive-
compulsive-disorder-ocd.htm
• https://www.psychguides.com/guides/obsessive-compulsive-
disorder-symptoms-causes-and-effects/
• https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/treatment/
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obsessive-
compulsive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354438