analytical methods of diuretics.. the methods and procedure as per INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA

1. ANALYTICAL METHODS OF
DIURETICS
By:
Alekya
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2. DEFINITION
• A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased
production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. There are
several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion
of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct
way.
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3. CLASSIFICATION
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1. High efficacy diuretics:
 Furosemide
 Azosemide
 Bumetanide
 Piretanide
 Torsemide.

4. 2. Moderate efficacy diuretics:
ⅰ) Thiazides
 chlorthalidone
 Indapamide,
 Clopamide,
 Xipamide
ⅱ) Benzothiadiazides
 Chlorothiazides,
 Hydrochlorothiazide,
 Polythiazide.
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5. 3. Low efficacy diuretics:
ⅰ) Potassium sparing
diuretics
 Triamterene
 Amiloride
 spironolactone
4. Osmotic diuretics
 Acetazolamide,
 Methazolamide,
 Dorzolamide.
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6. 5. Low ceiling diuretics
 Mannitol,
 Urea,
 Glycerol,
 Methylxanthine,
 Theophylline.
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8. HIGH EFFICIENCY DIURETICS
FRUSEMIDE:
• Weigh accurately about 80 mg + 150 ml of dimethylformamide →
500ml water.
• Dilute 5.0 ml →100.0 ml with water.
• Measure the absorbance of the resulting solution at the maximum at
about 367 nm.
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9. MODERATE EFFICASY DIURETICS
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THIAZIDES
Chlorthalidone
• Weigh accurately about 0.2 g and dissolve in 50 ml of acetone.
• Titrate with 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in an atmosphere of
nitrogen.
• Determining the end-point potentiometrically.

10. Chlorpropamide:
Assay.
Weigh accurately about 0.5 g and dissolve in 50 ml of ethanol (95 per cent) previously
neutralized to phenolphthalein solution.
Add 25 ml of water and titrate with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein
solution as indicator.
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11. POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS:
Amiloride:
Weigh and finely powder 20 tablets. Weigh accurately a quantity 10 mg of anhydrous
amiloride hydrochloride, +60 ml of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid(shake mechanical).
Dilute with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to volume 100ml (mix and centrifuge).
Dilute an accurately about 10 µg of amiloride hydrochloride per ml.
Measure the absorbance of the resulting solution at the maximum at about 363 nm.
LOW EFFICACY DIURETICS
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12. SPIRONOLACTONE:
Weigh accurately about 50 mg, dissolve 250 methanol.
Dilute 5.0 ml →100.0 ml with methanol.
Measure the absorbance of the solution at the maximum at about 238 nm
TRIAMTERENE:
Weigh accurately about 0.15 g +5 ml of anhydrous formic acid + 100 ml of
anhydrous glacial acetic acid.
Titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid.
Setermining the end-point potentiometrically.
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13. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
ACETAZOLAMIDE:
• Weigh and powder 20 tablets. Weigh accurately a quantity of 0.4 g
of Acetazolamide and + 90 ml of dimethylformamide.
• Titrate with 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
• Determining the end-point potentiometrically.
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14. LOW CEILING DIURETICS
THEOPHYLLINE:
• Weigh accurately about 0.25 g + 50 ml of water and warm.
• Cool, add 20.0 ml of 0.1 M silver nitrate + 1.0 ml of bromothymol solution.
• Titrate with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide until a blue color is obtained.
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